Productivity Growth and Sustainability in Post-Green Revolution Agriculture : The Case of the Indian and Pakistan Punjabs
This article attempts to determine the long-term productivity and sustainability of irrigated agriculture in the Indian and Pakistan Punjabs by measuring trends in total factor productivity for production systems in both states since the advent of...
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English en_US |
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Washington, DC: World Bank
2014
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/01/17591984/productivity-growth-sustainability-post-green-revolution-agriculture-case-indian-pakistan-punjabs http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17123 |
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okr-10986-17123 |
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oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL GROWTH AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL POLICY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTERS AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH EVALUATION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SYSTEM AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AGRICULTURAL SECTORS AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURE ANIMALS AVERAGE YIELDS CANAL IRRIGATION CEREAL CROP CEREALS CLIMATIC CONDITIONS CONSERVATION TILLAGE COTTON COTTON YIELDS COTTON ZONE CROP CROP PRODUCTION CROP VARIETIES CROP YIELD CROP YIELD INCREASES CROP YIELDS CROPPING CROPPING INTENSITY CROPPING PATTERNS CROPPING SYSTEM CROPPING SYSTEMS CROPS CULTIVATION DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DOUBLE CROPPING DRAINAGE ECOLOGICAL ZONES ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMICS RESEARCH ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY EXTENSION EXTERNALITIES FARM FARMERS FERTILIZER FERTILIZER SUBSIDIES FERTILIZER SUBSIDY FERTILIZER USE FERTILIZERS FISHERIES FIXED INPUTS FOOD GRAINS FOOD MARKETING FOOD POLICY FOOD POLICY RESEARCH FOOD PRICES FOOD SECURITY FRUITS GRAIN GRAIN PRICES GRAIN YIELDS GREEN REVOLUTION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROUNDWATER GROWTH RATE HARVEST HARVESTERS HUMAN CAPITAL INDEX NUMBERS INEFFICIENCY INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE IRRIGATION LEGUMES LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY MAIZE MARKETING MULTIPLE CROPPING NATURAL RESOURCES NEW TECHNOLOGIES NONFOOD CROPS NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT OILSEEDS ORGANIC MATTER OVERVALUED EXCHANGE RATES PESTICIDE PESTICIDE USE PESTICIDES PLANTING POLLUTION POVERTY ALLEVIATION PRIORITY SETTING PRODUCE PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTION SYSTEM PRODUCTION SYSTEMS PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PUBLIC GOOD RESEARCH SYSTEMS RICE RICE PRODUCTION RICE RESEARCH RICE VARIETIES RICE YIELDS RISK AVERSION RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE SALINIZATION SEED SMALL FARMERS SOIL DEGRADATION SOIL QUALITY SOILS STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT SUBSTITUTION EFFECT SUGARCANE SUSTAINABLE CROP PRODUCTION SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TEMPORARY EQUILIBRIUM TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNIVERSITIES UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS VEGETABLE RESEARCH VEGETABLES WATER RESOURCES WATERLOGGED SOILS WHEAT WHEAT VARIETIES WHEAT YIELDS WINTER CROPS |
| spellingShingle |
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL GROWTH AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL POLICY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTERS AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH EVALUATION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SYSTEM AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AGRICULTURAL SECTORS AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURE ANIMALS AVERAGE YIELDS CANAL IRRIGATION CEREAL CROP CEREALS CLIMATIC CONDITIONS CONSERVATION TILLAGE COTTON COTTON YIELDS COTTON ZONE CROP CROP PRODUCTION CROP VARIETIES CROP YIELD CROP YIELD INCREASES CROP YIELDS CROPPING CROPPING INTENSITY CROPPING PATTERNS CROPPING SYSTEM CROPPING SYSTEMS CROPS CULTIVATION DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DOUBLE CROPPING DRAINAGE ECOLOGICAL ZONES ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMICS RESEARCH ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY EXTENSION EXTERNALITIES FARM FARMERS FERTILIZER FERTILIZER SUBSIDIES FERTILIZER SUBSIDY FERTILIZER USE FERTILIZERS FISHERIES FIXED INPUTS FOOD GRAINS FOOD MARKETING FOOD POLICY FOOD POLICY RESEARCH FOOD PRICES FOOD SECURITY FRUITS GRAIN GRAIN PRICES GRAIN YIELDS GREEN REVOLUTION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROUNDWATER GROWTH RATE HARVEST HARVESTERS HUMAN CAPITAL INDEX NUMBERS INEFFICIENCY INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE IRRIGATION LEGUMES LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY MAIZE MARKETING MULTIPLE CROPPING NATURAL RESOURCES NEW TECHNOLOGIES NONFOOD CROPS NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT OILSEEDS ORGANIC MATTER OVERVALUED EXCHANGE RATES PESTICIDE PESTICIDE USE PESTICIDES PLANTING POLLUTION POVERTY ALLEVIATION PRIORITY SETTING PRODUCE PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTION SYSTEM PRODUCTION SYSTEMS PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PUBLIC GOOD RESEARCH SYSTEMS RICE RICE PRODUCTION RICE RESEARCH RICE VARIETIES RICE YIELDS RISK AVERSION RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE SALINIZATION SEED SMALL FARMERS SOIL DEGRADATION SOIL QUALITY SOILS STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT SUBSTITUTION EFFECT SUGARCANE SUSTAINABLE CROP PRODUCTION SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TEMPORARY EQUILIBRIUM TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNIVERSITIES UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS VEGETABLE RESEARCH VEGETABLES WATER RESOURCES WATERLOGGED SOILS WHEAT WHEAT VARIETIES WHEAT YIELDS WINTER CROPS Murgai, Rinku Ali, Mubarik Byerlee, Derek Productivity Growth and Sustainability in Post-Green Revolution Agriculture : The Case of the Indian and Pakistan Punjabs |
| geographic_facet |
South Asia India Pakistan |
| description |
This article attempts to determine the
long-term productivity and sustainability of irrigated
agriculture in the Indian and Pakistan Punjabs by measuring
trends in total factor productivity for production systems
in both states since the advent of the green revolution.
These measurements over time and across systems have
resulted in three major findings. First, there were wide
spatial and temporal variations between the two Punjabs.
Although output growth and crop yields were much higher in
the Indian Punjab, productivity growth was higher by only a
small margin. Moreover, the lowest growth in productivity
took place during the initial green revolution period and in
the wheat-rice system in both states. The time lag between
adoption of green revolution technologies and realization of
productivity gains is related to learning induced efficiency
gains, better utilization of capital investments over time,
and problems with the standard methods of productivity
measurement that downwardly bias estimate, particularly
during the green revolution period. Second, input growth
accounted for most of the output growth in both Punjabs
during the period under study. Third, intensification,
especially in the wheat-rice system, resulted in resource
degradation in both Punjabs. Data from Pakistan show that
resource degradation reduced overall productivity growth
from technical change and from education and infrastructure
investment by one-third. |
| format |
Journal Article |
| author |
Murgai, Rinku Ali, Mubarik Byerlee, Derek |
| author_facet |
Murgai, Rinku Ali, Mubarik Byerlee, Derek |
| author_sort |
Murgai, Rinku |
| title |
Productivity Growth and Sustainability in Post-Green Revolution Agriculture : The Case of the Indian and Pakistan Punjabs |
| title_short |
Productivity Growth and Sustainability in Post-Green Revolution Agriculture : The Case of the Indian and Pakistan Punjabs |
| title_full |
Productivity Growth and Sustainability in Post-Green Revolution Agriculture : The Case of the Indian and Pakistan Punjabs |
| title_fullStr |
Productivity Growth and Sustainability in Post-Green Revolution Agriculture : The Case of the Indian and Pakistan Punjabs |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Productivity Growth and Sustainability in Post-Green Revolution Agriculture : The Case of the Indian and Pakistan Punjabs |
| title_sort |
productivity growth and sustainability in post-green revolution agriculture : the case of the indian and pakistan punjabs |
| publisher |
Washington, DC: World Bank |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/01/17591984/productivity-growth-sustainability-post-green-revolution-agriculture-case-indian-pakistan-punjabs http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17123 |
| _version_ |
1764433576862941184 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-171232021-04-23T14:03:29Z Productivity Growth and Sustainability in Post-Green Revolution Agriculture : The Case of the Indian and Pakistan Punjabs Murgai, Rinku Ali, Mubarik Byerlee, Derek AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL GROWTH AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL POLICY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTERS AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH EVALUATION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SYSTEM AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AGRICULTURAL SECTORS AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURE ANIMALS AVERAGE YIELDS CANAL IRRIGATION CEREAL CROP CEREALS CLIMATIC CONDITIONS CONSERVATION TILLAGE COTTON COTTON YIELDS COTTON ZONE CROP CROP PRODUCTION CROP VARIETIES CROP YIELD CROP YIELD INCREASES CROP YIELDS CROPPING CROPPING INTENSITY CROPPING PATTERNS CROPPING SYSTEM CROPPING SYSTEMS CROPS CULTIVATION DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DOUBLE CROPPING DRAINAGE ECOLOGICAL ZONES ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMICS RESEARCH ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY EXTENSION EXTERNALITIES FARM FARMERS FERTILIZER FERTILIZER SUBSIDIES FERTILIZER SUBSIDY FERTILIZER USE FERTILIZERS FISHERIES FIXED INPUTS FOOD GRAINS FOOD MARKETING FOOD POLICY FOOD POLICY RESEARCH FOOD PRICES FOOD SECURITY FRUITS GRAIN GRAIN PRICES GRAIN YIELDS GREEN REVOLUTION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROUNDWATER GROWTH RATE HARVEST HARVESTERS HUMAN CAPITAL INDEX NUMBERS INEFFICIENCY INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE IRRIGATION LEGUMES LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY MAIZE MARKETING MULTIPLE CROPPING NATURAL RESOURCES NEW TECHNOLOGIES NONFOOD CROPS NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT OILSEEDS ORGANIC MATTER OVERVALUED EXCHANGE RATES PESTICIDE PESTICIDE USE PESTICIDES PLANTING POLLUTION POVERTY ALLEVIATION PRIORITY SETTING PRODUCE PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTION SYSTEM PRODUCTION SYSTEMS PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PUBLIC GOOD RESEARCH SYSTEMS RICE RICE PRODUCTION RICE RESEARCH RICE VARIETIES RICE YIELDS RISK AVERSION RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE SALINIZATION SEED SMALL FARMERS SOIL DEGRADATION SOIL QUALITY SOILS STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT SUBSTITUTION EFFECT SUGARCANE SUSTAINABLE CROP PRODUCTION SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TEMPORARY EQUILIBRIUM TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNIVERSITIES UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS VEGETABLE RESEARCH VEGETABLES WATER RESOURCES WATERLOGGED SOILS WHEAT WHEAT VARIETIES WHEAT YIELDS WINTER CROPS This article attempts to determine the long-term productivity and sustainability of irrigated agriculture in the Indian and Pakistan Punjabs by measuring trends in total factor productivity for production systems in both states since the advent of the green revolution. These measurements over time and across systems have resulted in three major findings. First, there were wide spatial and temporal variations between the two Punjabs. Although output growth and crop yields were much higher in the Indian Punjab, productivity growth was higher by only a small margin. Moreover, the lowest growth in productivity took place during the initial green revolution period and in the wheat-rice system in both states. The time lag between adoption of green revolution technologies and realization of productivity gains is related to learning induced efficiency gains, better utilization of capital investments over time, and problems with the standard methods of productivity measurement that downwardly bias estimate, particularly during the green revolution period. Second, input growth accounted for most of the output growth in both Punjabs during the period under study. Third, intensification, especially in the wheat-rice system, resulted in resource degradation in both Punjabs. Data from Pakistan show that resource degradation reduced overall productivity growth from technical change and from education and infrastructure investment by one-third. 2014-02-20T21:17:32Z 2014-02-20T21:17:32Z 2001-10 Journal Article http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/01/17591984/productivity-growth-sustainability-post-green-revolution-agriculture-case-indian-pakistan-punjabs World Bank Research Observer http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17123 English en_US CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/ World Bank Washington, DC: World Bank Publications & Research :: Journal Article Publications & Research Publications & Research South Asia India Pakistan |