Grandparents as Child Care Providers : Factors to Consider When Designing Child Care Policies

Formal child care services can expand women's economic opportunities and promote equity through early childhood development. However, academics and policy makers often overlook the role of relatives as child care providers. This note discusses...

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Main Author:	Posadas, Josefina
Format:	Brief
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:	CARE FOR CHILDREN CHILD CARE CHILD CARE FACILITIES CURRENT POPULATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISPARITIES BETWEEN MEN EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT EARLY RETIREMENT ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ELDERLY FAMILY LABOR FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FERTILITY FUTURE GENERATIONS GENDER EQUALITY HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN RESOURCES IMMIGRATION JOB LOSS JOBS KIDS LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY MARRIED WOMEN MOTHER OCCUPATIONS OPPORTUNITY COSTS PARENTS POLICY MAKERS POLITICAL ECONOMY PREVIOUS STUDIES PRIMARY SCHOOL PUBLIC SUPPORT RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RETIREMENT SAFETY SCHOOL CHILDREN SPOUSE SUBSIDIZED CHILD CARE UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES WAGES WORK SCHEDULES
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/12/17069081/grandparents-child-care-providers-factors-consider-designing-child-care-policies http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17056

id	okr-10986-17056
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-170562021-04-23T14:03:33Z Grandparents as Child Care Providers : Factors to Consider When Designing Child Care Policies Posadas, Josefina CARE FOR CHILDREN CHILD CARE CHILD CARE FACILITIES CURRENT POPULATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISPARITIES BETWEEN MEN EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT EARLY RETIREMENT ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ELDERLY FAMILY LABOR FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FERTILITY FUTURE GENERATIONS GENDER EQUALITY HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN RESOURCES IMMIGRATION JOB LOSS JOBS KIDS LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY MARRIED WOMEN MOTHER OCCUPATIONS OPPORTUNITY COSTS PARENTS POLICY MAKERS POLITICAL ECONOMY PREVIOUS STUDIES PRIMARY SCHOOL PUBLIC SUPPORT RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RETIREMENT SAFETY SCHOOL CHILDREN SPOUSE SUBSIDIZED CHILD CARE UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES WAGES WORK SCHEDULES Formal child care services can expand women's economic opportunities and promote equity through early childhood development. However, academics and policy makers often overlook the role of relatives as child care providers. This note discusses how grandparent-provided child care can be factored into child care policies in the context of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, omitting the role of relatives when estimating costs and benefits of child care programs can give biased and incomplete results that might even reverse certain programs. The focus of this note is on the opportunity cost of relatives particularly grandparents who care for children. Not just governments spend on child care programs grandparents spend considerable time caring for grandchildren. Depending on their labor market status and work history, grandparents' opportunity cost could be high or low; governments should factor in such costs when evaluating programs. The Netherlands and the United Kingdom are experimenting with policies that formally support grandparent-provided child care. 2014-02-18T17:38:20Z 2014-02-18T17:38:20Z 2012-12 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/12/17069081/grandparents-child-care-providers-factors-consider-designing-child-care-policies http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17056 English en_US Economic premise;no. 101 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Brief Publications & Research
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	CARE FOR CHILDREN CHILD CARE CHILD CARE FACILITIES CURRENT POPULATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISPARITIES BETWEEN MEN EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT EARLY RETIREMENT ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ELDERLY FAMILY LABOR FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FERTILITY FUTURE GENERATIONS GENDER EQUALITY HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN RESOURCES IMMIGRATION JOB LOSS JOBS KIDS LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY MARRIED WOMEN MOTHER OCCUPATIONS OPPORTUNITY COSTS PARENTS POLICY MAKERS POLITICAL ECONOMY PREVIOUS STUDIES PRIMARY SCHOOL PUBLIC SUPPORT RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RETIREMENT SAFETY SCHOOL CHILDREN SPOUSE SUBSIDIZED CHILD CARE UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES WAGES WORK SCHEDULES
spellingShingle	CARE FOR CHILDREN CHILD CARE CHILD CARE FACILITIES CURRENT POPULATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISPARITIES BETWEEN MEN EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT EARLY RETIREMENT ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ELDERLY FAMILY LABOR FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FERTILITY FUTURE GENERATIONS GENDER EQUALITY HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN RESOURCES IMMIGRATION JOB LOSS JOBS KIDS LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY MARRIED WOMEN MOTHER OCCUPATIONS OPPORTUNITY COSTS PARENTS POLICY MAKERS POLITICAL ECONOMY PREVIOUS STUDIES PRIMARY SCHOOL PUBLIC SUPPORT RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RETIREMENT SAFETY SCHOOL CHILDREN SPOUSE SUBSIDIZED CHILD CARE UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES WAGES WORK SCHEDULES Posadas, Josefina Grandparents as Child Care Providers : Factors to Consider When Designing Child Care Policies
relation	Economic premise;no. 101
description	Formal child care services can expand women's economic opportunities and promote equity through early childhood development. However, academics and policy makers often overlook the role of relatives as child care providers. This note discusses how grandparent-provided child care can be factored into child care policies in the context of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, omitting the role of relatives when estimating costs and benefits of child care programs can give biased and incomplete results that might even reverse certain programs. The focus of this note is on the opportunity cost of relatives particularly grandparents who care for children. Not just governments spend on child care programs grandparents spend considerable time caring for grandchildren. Depending on their labor market status and work history, grandparents' opportunity cost could be high or low; governments should factor in such costs when evaluating programs. The Netherlands and the United Kingdom are experimenting with policies that formally support grandparent-provided child care.
format	Publications & Research :: Brief
author	Posadas, Josefina
author_facet	Posadas, Josefina
author_sort	Posadas, Josefina
title	Grandparents as Child Care Providers : Factors to Consider When Designing Child Care Policies
title_short	Grandparents as Child Care Providers : Factors to Consider When Designing Child Care Policies
title_full	Grandparents as Child Care Providers : Factors to Consider When Designing Child Care Policies
title_fullStr	Grandparents as Child Care Providers : Factors to Consider When Designing Child Care Policies
title_full_unstemmed	Grandparents as Child Care Providers : Factors to Consider When Designing Child Care Policies
title_sort	grandparents as child care providers : factors to consider when designing child care policies
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2014
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/12/17069081/grandparents-child-care-providers-factors-consider-designing-child-care-policies http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17056
_version_	1764435267421208576

Grandparents as Child Care Providers : Factors to Consider When Designing Child Care Policies

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