Global Value Chains, Economic Upgrading, and Gender : Case Studies of the Horticulture, Tourism, and Call Center Industries
This document provides a gendered analysis of the horticulture, tourism, and call center global value chains (GVCs), based on a survey of the literature and case studies carried out in Honduras, Kenya, and the Arab Republic of Egypt. The studies fo...
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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Washington, DC
2014
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/18621419/global-value-chains-economic-upgrading-gender-case-studies-horticulture-tourism-call-center-industries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16976 |
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okr-10986-16976 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ACCESS TO CREDIT ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCESS TO FINANCE ACCESS TO FINANCING ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACCESS TO INTERNATIONAL MARKETS ACCESS TO LAND ACCESS TO NETWORKS ACCESS TO RESOURCES ACCESS TO TRAINING AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION BARRIERS TO ENTRY BUSINESS NETWORKS CAPACITY BUILDING CAREER DEVELOPMENT CERTIFICATION SYSTEM CHILD PORNOGRAPHY CHILD PROSTITUTION COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT COMPENSATION CONSTRAINTS ON ACCESS CROPS CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION DIVERSIFICATION DOMINANCE ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMICS EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS EMPLOYERS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN EMPLOYMENT STATUS ENROLLMENT EXCLUSION EXPORT EARNINGS EXTENSION EXTENSION SERVICES FAMILY LABOR FEMALE FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE ENTREPRENEUR FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS FEMALE FARMERS FEMALE INTENSITY FEMALE LABOR FEMALE WORK FEMALE WORKERS FEMALES FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL LITERACY FLEXIBLE WORK ARRANGEMENTS FOOD PROCESSING FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT GENDER GENDER BIAS GENDER COMPOSITION GENDER DEVELOPMENT GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DIMENSION GENDER DIMENSIONS GENDER DISCRIMINATION GENDER DISTRIBUTION GENDER DIVISION OF LABOR GENDER EQUALITY GENDER EQUITY GENDER IMPACT GENDER IMPLICATIONS GENDER INEQUALITIES GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER NORMS GENDER RELATIONS GENDER RESEARCH GENDER ROLES GENDER SENSITIVE GOVERNMENT POLICY GROUPS OF WOMEN HOUSEHOLD WORK HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING HUMAN RESOURCES INFORMAL WORKERS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS INTEGRATION INTEGRATION OF GENDER INTERNATIONAL FINANCE JOB OPPORTUNITIES LABOR MARKETS LABORERS LABOUR ORGANIZATION LACK OF ACCESS LAWS LIMITED ACCESS LOCAL WOMEN MARKET INFORMATION MARKETING MATERNITY LEAVE MICROFINANCE MULTINATIONAL NATIONAL LAND POLICY NEEDS OF WOMEN NEW TECHNOLOGIES NGOS OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN OPPORTUNITY FOR WOMEN PRODUCTIVITY PROPERTY RIGHTS R&D RETURN ON INVESTMENT SEX SEXUAL HARASSMENT SEXUAL PURPOSES SKILLED WOMEN SMALLHOLDER SMALLHOLDERS SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY SOCIOECONOMIC BACKGROUND SOCIOLOGY SUPPLY CHAINS SUPPORT SERVICES TRADE UNIONS UNCTAD UNEP UNESCO UNION UNITED NATIONS UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT USAID WAGE GAP WILL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS WOMEN WORKERS |
| spellingShingle |
ACCESS TO CREDIT ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCESS TO FINANCE ACCESS TO FINANCING ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACCESS TO INTERNATIONAL MARKETS ACCESS TO LAND ACCESS TO NETWORKS ACCESS TO RESOURCES ACCESS TO TRAINING AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION BARRIERS TO ENTRY BUSINESS NETWORKS CAPACITY BUILDING CAREER DEVELOPMENT CERTIFICATION SYSTEM CHILD PORNOGRAPHY CHILD PROSTITUTION COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT COMPENSATION CONSTRAINTS ON ACCESS CROPS CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION DIVERSIFICATION DOMINANCE ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMICS EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS EMPLOYERS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN EMPLOYMENT STATUS ENROLLMENT EXCLUSION EXPORT EARNINGS EXTENSION EXTENSION SERVICES FAMILY LABOR FEMALE FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE ENTREPRENEUR FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS FEMALE FARMERS FEMALE INTENSITY FEMALE LABOR FEMALE WORK FEMALE WORKERS FEMALES FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL LITERACY FLEXIBLE WORK ARRANGEMENTS FOOD PROCESSING FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT GENDER GENDER BIAS GENDER COMPOSITION GENDER DEVELOPMENT GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DIMENSION GENDER DIMENSIONS GENDER DISCRIMINATION GENDER DISTRIBUTION GENDER DIVISION OF LABOR GENDER EQUALITY GENDER EQUITY GENDER IMPACT GENDER IMPLICATIONS GENDER INEQUALITIES GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER NORMS GENDER RELATIONS GENDER RESEARCH GENDER ROLES GENDER SENSITIVE GOVERNMENT POLICY GROUPS OF WOMEN HOUSEHOLD WORK HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING HUMAN RESOURCES INFORMAL WORKERS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS INTEGRATION INTEGRATION OF GENDER INTERNATIONAL FINANCE JOB OPPORTUNITIES LABOR MARKETS LABORERS LABOUR ORGANIZATION LACK OF ACCESS LAWS LIMITED ACCESS LOCAL WOMEN MARKET INFORMATION MARKETING MATERNITY LEAVE MICROFINANCE MULTINATIONAL NATIONAL LAND POLICY NEEDS OF WOMEN NEW TECHNOLOGIES NGOS OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN OPPORTUNITY FOR WOMEN PRODUCTIVITY PROPERTY RIGHTS R&D RETURN ON INVESTMENT SEX SEXUAL HARASSMENT SEXUAL PURPOSES SKILLED WOMEN SMALLHOLDER SMALLHOLDERS SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY SOCIOECONOMIC BACKGROUND SOCIOLOGY SUPPLY CHAINS SUPPORT SERVICES TRADE UNIONS UNCTAD UNEP UNESCO UNION UNITED NATIONS UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT USAID WAGE GAP WILL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS WOMEN WORKERS Staritz, Cornelia Reis, José Guilherme Global Value Chains, Economic Upgrading, and Gender : Case Studies of the Horticulture, Tourism, and Call Center Industries |
| description |
This document provides a gendered
analysis of the horticulture, tourism, and call center
global value chains (GVCs), based on a survey of the
literature and case studies carried out in Honduras, Kenya,
and the Arab Republic of Egypt. The studies focus on export
sectors that have had high female employment and have been
relatively underexplored from the angle of trade and gender
research. The studies show that GVCs and their upgrading
dynamics have important gender dimensions, and that
integration and upgrading are influenced by, and have an
impact on, gender relations. While the conditions and
dynamics in the sectors in concern are very different,
certain broad conclusions are drawn from the results of the
studies. The first is that patterns of job segregation are
observed in all case studies, with women being assigned to
specific jobs, though the reasons for such segregation
differ from sector to sector. The second conclusion is that
women face gender-intensified constraints, though their
extent and articulation may be quite different, depending on
the value chain. The third is that constraints related to
women's primary responsibility for reproductive work
have been identified as important in all three studies. This
social division of labor is deeply embedded in developed and
developing countries, but poor infrastructure, particularly
in rural areas, heightens this challenge for women in
developing countries. This report also suggests appropriate
interventions to improve the constraints faced by women. |
| author2 |
Staritz, Cornelia |
| author_facet |
Staritz, Cornelia Staritz, Cornelia Reis, José Guilherme |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Working Paper |
| author |
Staritz, Cornelia Reis, José Guilherme |
| author_sort |
Staritz, Cornelia |
| title |
Global Value Chains, Economic Upgrading, and Gender : Case Studies of the Horticulture, Tourism, and Call Center Industries |
| title_short |
Global Value Chains, Economic Upgrading, and Gender : Case Studies of the Horticulture, Tourism, and Call Center Industries |
| title_full |
Global Value Chains, Economic Upgrading, and Gender : Case Studies of the Horticulture, Tourism, and Call Center Industries |
| title_fullStr |
Global Value Chains, Economic Upgrading, and Gender : Case Studies of the Horticulture, Tourism, and Call Center Industries |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Global Value Chains, Economic Upgrading, and Gender : Case Studies of the Horticulture, Tourism, and Call Center Industries |
| title_sort |
global value chains, economic upgrading, and gender : case studies of the horticulture, tourism, and call center industries |
| publisher |
Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/18621419/global-value-chains-economic-upgrading-gender-case-studies-horticulture-tourism-call-center-industries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16976 |
| _version_ |
1764435538423578624 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-169762021-04-23T14:03:34Z Global Value Chains, Economic Upgrading, and Gender : Case Studies of the Horticulture, Tourism, and Call Center Industries Staritz, Cornelia Reis, José Guilherme Staritz, Cornelia Reis, José Guilherme ACCESS TO CREDIT ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCESS TO FINANCE ACCESS TO FINANCING ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACCESS TO INTERNATIONAL MARKETS ACCESS TO LAND ACCESS TO NETWORKS ACCESS TO RESOURCES ACCESS TO TRAINING AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION BARRIERS TO ENTRY BUSINESS NETWORKS CAPACITY BUILDING CAREER DEVELOPMENT CERTIFICATION SYSTEM CHILD PORNOGRAPHY CHILD PROSTITUTION COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT COMPENSATION CONSTRAINTS ON ACCESS CROPS CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION DIVERSIFICATION DOMINANCE ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMICS EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS EMPLOYERS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN EMPLOYMENT STATUS ENROLLMENT EXCLUSION EXPORT EARNINGS EXTENSION EXTENSION SERVICES FAMILY LABOR FEMALE FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE ENTREPRENEUR FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS FEMALE FARMERS FEMALE INTENSITY FEMALE LABOR FEMALE WORK FEMALE WORKERS FEMALES FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL LITERACY FLEXIBLE WORK ARRANGEMENTS FOOD PROCESSING FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT GENDER GENDER BIAS GENDER COMPOSITION GENDER DEVELOPMENT GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DIMENSION GENDER DIMENSIONS GENDER DISCRIMINATION GENDER DISTRIBUTION GENDER DIVISION OF LABOR GENDER EQUALITY GENDER EQUITY GENDER IMPACT GENDER IMPLICATIONS GENDER INEQUALITIES GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER NORMS GENDER RELATIONS GENDER RESEARCH GENDER ROLES GENDER SENSITIVE GOVERNMENT POLICY GROUPS OF WOMEN HOUSEHOLD WORK HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING HUMAN RESOURCES INFORMAL WORKERS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS INTEGRATION INTEGRATION OF GENDER INTERNATIONAL FINANCE JOB OPPORTUNITIES LABOR MARKETS LABORERS LABOUR ORGANIZATION LACK OF ACCESS LAWS LIMITED ACCESS LOCAL WOMEN MARKET INFORMATION MARKETING MATERNITY LEAVE MICROFINANCE MULTINATIONAL NATIONAL LAND POLICY NEEDS OF WOMEN NEW TECHNOLOGIES NGOS OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN OPPORTUNITY FOR WOMEN PRODUCTIVITY PROPERTY RIGHTS R&D RETURN ON INVESTMENT SEX SEXUAL HARASSMENT SEXUAL PURPOSES SKILLED WOMEN SMALLHOLDER SMALLHOLDERS SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY SOCIOECONOMIC BACKGROUND SOCIOLOGY SUPPLY CHAINS SUPPORT SERVICES TRADE UNIONS UNCTAD UNEP UNESCO UNION UNITED NATIONS UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT USAID WAGE GAP WILL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS WOMEN WORKERS This document provides a gendered analysis of the horticulture, tourism, and call center global value chains (GVCs), based on a survey of the literature and case studies carried out in Honduras, Kenya, and the Arab Republic of Egypt. The studies focus on export sectors that have had high female employment and have been relatively underexplored from the angle of trade and gender research. The studies show that GVCs and their upgrading dynamics have important gender dimensions, and that integration and upgrading are influenced by, and have an impact on, gender relations. While the conditions and dynamics in the sectors in concern are very different, certain broad conclusions are drawn from the results of the studies. The first is that patterns of job segregation are observed in all case studies, with women being assigned to specific jobs, though the reasons for such segregation differ from sector to sector. The second conclusion is that women face gender-intensified constraints, though their extent and articulation may be quite different, depending on the value chain. The third is that constraints related to women's primary responsibility for reproductive work have been identified as important in all three studies. This social division of labor is deeply embedded in developed and developing countries, but poor infrastructure, particularly in rural areas, heightens this challenge for women in developing countries. This report also suggests appropriate interventions to improve the constraints faced by women. 2014-02-10T21:28:15Z 2014-02-10T21:28:15Z 2013-01 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/18621419/global-value-chains-economic-upgrading-gender-case-studies-horticulture-tourism-call-center-industries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16976 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Working Paper Publications & Research |