Mongolia : Gender Disparities in Labor Markets and Policy Suggestions

Mongolia has made strong progress on key gender-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in recent years. Gender indicators in education and health are also better in many respects than in comparator countries in the East Asia and Pacific region...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Khan, Tehmina, Aslam, Monazza
Format:	Policy Note
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:	ABUSE ACCESS TO BUSINESS NETWORKS ACCESS TO CAPITAL ACCESS TO FINANCE ACCESSIBILITY AFFIRMATIVE ACTION AFFIRMATIVE ACTION POLICIES ASSET OWNERSHIP AWARENESS RAISING BANK ACCOUNT BANK LOAN BANKS BASIC EDUCATION BIASES BIRTH RATES BUSINESS ENABLING BUSINESS ENABLING ENVIRONMENT CAREER ADVANCEMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN CHILD BIRTH CHILD CARE CHILD MORTALITY CHILDBIRTH CITIZEN CLASS ACTION LAWSUIT COLLATERAL COMMITTEE ON GENDER COOPERATIVES COUNTRY GENDER ASSESSMENT CULTURAL NORMS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT BANK DISCRIMINATION DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN EARLY CHILD CARE EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION EARNINGS ECONOMIC CRISIS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC RESOURCES EDUCATED MEN EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATION LEVELS ELDERLY EMPLOYERS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPOWERMENT ENDOWMENTS ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENTS ENROLMENT RATES ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES ENTREPRENEURS EQUAL ACCESS EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EQUAL PAY EQUAL TREATMENT EQUAL WORK EXPLOITATION EXTERNAL CAPITAL FAMILIES FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE STAFF FEMALE STUDENTS FEWER WOMEN FINANCIAL CAPITAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL RESOURCES FORM OF DISCRIMINATION FORMAL ECONOMY GENDER GENDER ANALYSIS GENDER ASSESSMENT GENDER AWARENESS GENDER DEVELOPMENT GENDER DIFFERENCE GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DIMENSION GENDER DISCRIMINATION GENDER DISPARITIES GENDER DISPARITY GENDER EQUALITY GENDER EQUALITY LAW GENDER EQUITY GENDER GAP GENDER GAPS GENDER IMBALANCES GENDER INDICATORS GENDER INEQUALITIES GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER SENSITIVE GENDER SENSITIVE POLICIES GENDER SENSITIZATION GENDER STEREOTYPES GENDER STEREOTYPING GIRLS HEALTHY LIFE HOUSEHOLD CHORES HOUSEHOLD DUTIES HOUSEHOLD DYNAMICS HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RIGHTS HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION HUSBANDS INDIVIDUAL ENTREPRENEURS INEQUALITIES INFORMAL ECONOMY INFORMAL SECTOR INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS INTERNATIONAL WOMEN JOB TRAINING LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR FORCE SURVEY LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOUR FORCE LABOUR FORCE SURVEYS LABOUR MARKET LABOUR MARKETS LACK OF ACCESS LAW ON GENDER EQUALITY LEGAL TITLE LEGISLATORS LEVELS OF EDUCATION LOAN MANDATES MARKET INFORMATION MATERNAL HEALTH MATERNITY LEAVE MICRO-ENTREPRENEURS MICRO-LENDING MICROFINANCE MIGRANT MIGRANT FAMILIES MIGRANTS MIGRATION MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MINISTRY OF EDUCATION NATIONAL COMMITTEE NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION NATIONAL LAW NATIONAL POLICIES NEWBORN NEWBORN CHILD NUMBER OF CHILDREN OLDER MEN OLDER WOMEN OPPORTUNITIES FOR SELF-EMPLOYMENT OUTREACH PARTICIPATION IN DECISION PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN PATERNITY LEAVE PENSIONS PHYSICAL APPEARANCE POLICIES ON GENDER EQUALITY POLICY MAKERS POLITICAL DECISION POLITICAL POWER POOR RURAL WOMEN PRIVATIZATION PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PROMOTION OF GENDER EQUALITY PROPORTION OF WOMEN PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN RESPECT RIGHTS OF WOMEN RURAL AREAS SCHOOL HOURS SECONDARY EDUCATION SELF EMPLOYMENT SEXES SEXUAL HARASSMENT SINGLE MOTHERS SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL WELFARE SOURCES OF FINANCE SPOUSES SUPPORT SERVICES TERTIARY LEVEL TRANSPORTATION UNDP UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT AMONG WOMEN UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNICEF UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY EDUCATION URBAN AREAS VULNERABILITY WAGE DIFFERENTIAL WAGE GAP WOMAN WOMEN IN MANAGEMENT WOMEN OF CHILD BEARING AGE WOMEN WITH REGARD WOMEN WORKERS WORK EXPERIENCE WORKFORCE WORKING POPULATION WORKING WOMEN YOUNG MEN YOUNG MOTHERS YOUNG WOMEN
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/17694501/mongolia-gender-disparities-labor-markets-policy-suggestions http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16500

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Summary:	Mongolia has made strong progress on key gender-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in recent years. Gender indicators in education and health are also better in many respects than in comparator countries in the East Asia and Pacific region. Women have a limited presence in higher level managerial positions and in entrepreneurial work, and working women also have to shoulder most of the household and care duties compared to men. These inequalities can have large impacts on development, growth and productivity as well as pervasive intergenerational social costs. Removing impediments to full and equal participation for women in the economy, providing equal access to economic resources and opportunities and eliminating discrimination can boost productivity and competitiveness for firms with wider benefits for the economy and within the household. A range of potential policy actions can be considered, including improving employment outcomes (wages, career progression) for women in the public sector, introducing more friendly parental leave policies that cover both fathers and mothers, improving child care services and introducing affirmative action policies in sectors where women are acutely under-represented such as mining. In addition, business regulations can be streamlined to make it easier to start and operate businesses for both men and women. Other policies that may be helpful include promoting awareness of and encouraging the development of (appropriately regulated and supervised) micro-lending institutions.

Mongolia : Gender Disparities in Labor Markets and Policy Suggestions

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