Oil, Macroeconomics, and Forests : Assessing the Linkages

This article focuses mainly on the five primary case study countries. For forest impacts, the concentration is on forest conversion to other land uses and deforestation, defined as a (temporary or permanent) removal of trees to less than 10 percent...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Wunder, Sven, Sunderlin, William D.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank 2013
Subjects:	ABANDONED AGRICULTURAL LANDS ABSORPTION AGGREGATE DEMAND AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL LANDS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS AGRICULTURE AMAZON FOREST ANNUAL DEFORESTATION ARMED CONFLICT BIODIVERSITY BIODIVERSITY LOSS BREEDING BROADLEAF FORESTS BURNING CANOPY CANOPY COVER CASH CROPS CATTLE CATTLE RAISING CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH CHANGES IN LAND USE CLIMATE COMPOSTING CONCESSION POLICIES CONSERVATION AGENCIES CONSERVATION ATLAS CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES CONSERVATION POLICIES CONSERVATION POLICY CONSERVATION STRATEGIES CONSTRUCTION BOOM CONSUMPTION PATTERNS CONVERGENCE COPPER CULTIVATED AREA CULTIVATION CULTURAL CHANGE DEBT DEFORESTATION DEFORESTATION DEFORESTATION DEFORESTATION ESTIMATES DEFORESTATION PRESSURES DEFORESTATION PROCESSES DEFORESTATION RATE DEFORESTATION RATES DEMAND FOR LAND DEMAND FOR TIMBER DETERMINANTS DIVISION OF LABOR DRY FOREST ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ECOLOGY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC MODELS ECONOMIC RENTS ECONOMICS ELASTICITIES ELEPHANTS ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSETS ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES ENVIRONMENTAL OUTCOMES ENVIRONMENTAL PRESSURE EQUILIBRIUM EROSION FIREWOOD FOOD CROPS FOOD PRODUCTION FOREST FOREST AREAS FOREST C FOREST CHANGE FOREST CLEARING FOREST CONSERVATION FOREST CONVERSION FOREST COVER FOREST COVER CHANGE FOREST COVERAGE FOREST DATA FOREST DECLINE FOREST DEGRADATION FOREST DESTRUCTION FOREST ECOLOGY FOREST EXTRACTION FOREST FRAGMENTS FOREST INVENTORIES FOREST LOSS FOREST PLOTS FOREST PROTECTION FOREST REGROWTH FOREST REHABILITATION FOREST RESOURCE FOREST RESOURCE ASSESSMENT FOREST RESOURCES FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT FOREST STATISTICS FOREST STOCK FOREST ZONE FORESTRY FORESTRY CONCESSION FORESTRY SECTOR FORESTS GAS GLOBAL DEFORESTATION GLOBAL FOREST GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT GOLD GORILLAS HARM HIGHLANDS ILLEGAL LOGGING INTENSIVE LAND USE LABOR COSTS LAND CLEARING LAND CONVERSION LAND ECONOMICS LAND EXPANSION LAND TENURE LAND USE LAND USES LAND-COVER LAND-USE LAND-USE CHANGE LAND-USE DATA LAND-USE PATTERNS LANDSCAPE LIVESTOCK LOCAL LANDOWNERS LOGGING LOGGING COMPANIES LOGGING CONCESSIONS LOSS OF FORESTS MANGROVES MARKET PRICES MINERAL EXPLORATION MINERAL PRODUCTION NATIONAL FOREST AREA NATIONAL INCOME NATURAL RESOURCE NATURAL RESOURCES NEGATIVE IMPACTS NITROGEN OIL OIL INDUSTRY OIL PRODUCTION OVERGRAZING PASTURE PASTURES POLICY INSTRUMENTS POLITICAL ECONOMY POLLUTION POPULATION GROWTH PP PRODUCERS PROTEINS PURCHASING POWER RAIN RAIN FOREST RAINFOREST REGIONAL FOREST REMOTE SENSING DATA RICE PRODUCTION ROAD BUILDING ROAD CONSTRUCTION ROADS SAFETY NET SATELLITE IMAGERY SPECIES STOCK VARIATIONS STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT SUPPLIERS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SWEET POTATOES TIMBER TIMBER DEMAND TIMBER EXTRACTION TIMBER PRODUCTION TRADEOFFS TREE TREES TROPICAL COUNTRIES TROPICAL DEFORESTATION TROPICAL FOREST TROPICAL FOREST AREA TROPICAL FOREST CONSERVATION TROPICAL FOREST COVER TROPICAL FORESTS URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTERS URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN MARKETS URBAN MIGRATION URBAN SPRAWL VEGETATION VEGETATION COVER VILLAGES WAGES WOOD WOOD PRODUCTS
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/01/17559523/oil-macroeconomics-forests-assessing-linkages http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16409

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Summary:	This article focuses mainly on the five primary case study countries. For forest impacts, the concentration is on forest conversion to other land uses and deforestation, defined as a (temporary or permanent) removal of trees to less than 10 percent crown cover, which is similar to the Food and Agricultural Organization's (FAO's) definition. Selective logging is thus not deforestation but may degrade forests and enable conversion. All of the case study countries are tropical countries that export oil, a choice made for two reasons. First, the macroeconomic 'laboratory' of oil exporters offers a good opportunity to study links between external economic changes and forests. Oil economies often fluctuate dramatically due to heavy reliance on a single export commodity with unstable world market prices. Second, earlier studies provide support for the hypotheses that on average oil- and mineral-exporting tropical countries have more forests left and lose them at a slower rate than non-mineral-exporting countries. The article briefly reviews hypotheses and methodologies and outlines the deforestation data problems and how they were dealt with. It presents empirical results for the five primary case study countries and takes a closer look at three of the key causal linkages in the model. It then examines the role of different policy instruments and finally discusses policy insights that extend beyond the oil exporting countries.

Oil, Macroeconomics, and Forests : Assessing the Linkages

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