Reducing the Vulnerability of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's Agricultural Systems to Climate Change : Impact Assessment and Adaptation Options
Agricultural production is inextricably tied to climate, making agriculture one of the most climate-sensitive of all economic sectors. In countries such as the Former Yugoslav Republic (FYR) of Macedonia, the risks of climate change for the agricultural sector are a particularly immediate and import...
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| Language: | en_US |
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Washington, DC: World Bank
2013
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16201 |
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okr-10986-16201 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
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World Bank |
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en_US |
| topic |
acid acid rain agricultural area agricultural crop agricultural economy agricultural education agricultural experts agricultural extension agricultural extension service agricultural land Agricultural markets agricultural policies Agricultural Policy agricultural practices Agricultural Production agricultural productivity Agricultural Products agricultural research agricultural research centers Agricultural research institutes Agricultural Systems Agriculture Agriculture Organization agronomic practices agronomists altitude animals annual precipitation assessment of climate risks Average yield average yields Capacity Building carbon carbon dioxide carbon dioxide concentrations Cattle cereal crops cereals Climate climate adaptation Climate Change climate change adaptation Climate Change Analysis Climate Change IMPACT Climate Change IMPACT ASSESSMENT Climate Change Impacts climate change scenarios climate changes climate conditions climate data climate hazard Climate Hazards Climate Impact Climate Impacts Climate Resilience Climate Scenario Climate Scenarios climate variability Climatic changes CO2 colors Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research Cost Analysis Crop crop areas Crop damage crop growth crop losses crop management crop production crop residues crop rotations Crop Varieties Crop Yield Crop Yields Crops cultivated land deforestation diseases drip irrigation drought Ecological Zones economics of adaptation to climate change Effect of Climate Change effect of temperature erosion control European Commission evaporation evapotranspiration Extension Agency extension agents extreme events extreme heat extreme heat events extreme weather extreme weather events FAO Farmers farming farmland farms Fertilization floods food security Ford Foundation forest forest ecosystems Forestry forests Framework Convention on Climate Change frost fruits future climate change GCM general circulation model GIS Goats Grain green houses Green Revolution Greenhouse Greenhouse Gas greenhouse gas emission greenhouse gas emission reductions greenhouse gas emissions Greenhouse Gas Mitigation greenhouse gases Hail High temperature high yields high-yield crop varieties ICARDA IFPRI IMPACT ASSESSMENT Impact of Climate Impact of Climate Change Impacts of Climate Change implications of climate change increase in temperature Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas International Food Policy Research Institute IPCC Irrigation irrigation systems land degradation Livestock lower rainfall Maize maize yields meteorological data meteorological information Moisture Index negative impact overgrazing pesticides pests plant breeding plant growth pollution polyethylene poverty rates poverty reduction Precipitation quantitative analysis rain rainfall resilience to climate change resistant varieties risks of climate change River Basins Rockefeller Foundation roots Rural Development Rural Development Strategies rural economies rural population Scientist season seed varieties seeds Sheep soil conservation soil degradation soil erosion soil moisture soil type soils summer temperature sunshine Sustainable Development Temperature temperature change temperature changes temperature increase temperature increases temperature stress temperatures trees UNDP United Nations United Nations Development Programme vegetable production vegetables Vulnerability to Climate Change water quality water resources Water Use Efficiency Wheat Wheat yields wind winter wheat world food supply yield losses |
| spellingShingle |
acid acid rain agricultural area agricultural crop agricultural economy agricultural education agricultural experts agricultural extension agricultural extension service agricultural land Agricultural markets agricultural policies Agricultural Policy agricultural practices Agricultural Production agricultural productivity Agricultural Products agricultural research agricultural research centers Agricultural research institutes Agricultural Systems Agriculture Agriculture Organization agronomic practices agronomists altitude animals annual precipitation assessment of climate risks Average yield average yields Capacity Building carbon carbon dioxide carbon dioxide concentrations Cattle cereal crops cereals Climate climate adaptation Climate Change climate change adaptation Climate Change Analysis Climate Change IMPACT Climate Change IMPACT ASSESSMENT Climate Change Impacts climate change scenarios climate changes climate conditions climate data climate hazard Climate Hazards Climate Impact Climate Impacts Climate Resilience Climate Scenario Climate Scenarios climate variability Climatic changes CO2 colors Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research Cost Analysis Crop crop areas Crop damage crop growth crop losses crop management crop production crop residues crop rotations Crop Varieties Crop Yield Crop Yields Crops cultivated land deforestation diseases drip irrigation drought Ecological Zones economics of adaptation to climate change Effect of Climate Change effect of temperature erosion control European Commission evaporation evapotranspiration Extension Agency extension agents extreme events extreme heat extreme heat events extreme weather extreme weather events FAO Farmers farming farmland farms Fertilization floods food security Ford Foundation forest forest ecosystems Forestry forests Framework Convention on Climate Change frost fruits future climate change GCM general circulation model GIS Goats Grain green houses Green Revolution Greenhouse Greenhouse Gas greenhouse gas emission greenhouse gas emission reductions greenhouse gas emissions Greenhouse Gas Mitigation greenhouse gases Hail High temperature high yields high-yield crop varieties ICARDA IFPRI IMPACT ASSESSMENT Impact of Climate Impact of Climate Change Impacts of Climate Change implications of climate change increase in temperature Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas International Food Policy Research Institute IPCC Irrigation irrigation systems land degradation Livestock lower rainfall Maize maize yields meteorological data meteorological information Moisture Index negative impact overgrazing pesticides pests plant breeding plant growth pollution polyethylene poverty rates poverty reduction Precipitation quantitative analysis rain rainfall resilience to climate change resistant varieties risks of climate change River Basins Rockefeller Foundation roots Rural Development Rural Development Strategies rural economies rural population Scientist season seed varieties seeds Sheep soil conservation soil degradation soil erosion soil moisture soil type soils summer temperature sunshine Sustainable Development Temperature temperature change temperature changes temperature increase temperature increases temperature stress temperatures trees UNDP United Nations United Nations Development Programme vegetable production vegetables Vulnerability to Climate Change water quality water resources Water Use Efficiency Wheat Wheat yields wind winter wheat world food supply yield losses Sutton, William R. Srivastava, Jitendra P. Neumann, James E. Strzępek, Kenneth M. Boehlert, Brent B. Reducing the Vulnerability of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's Agricultural Systems to Climate Change : Impact Assessment and Adaptation Options |
| geographic_facet |
Europe and Central Asia Macedonia, former Yugoslav Republic of North Macedonia (Formerly the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) |
| relation |
World Bank Study; |
| description |
Agricultural production is inextricably tied to climate, making agriculture one of the most climate-sensitive of all economic sectors. In countries such as the Former Yugoslav Republic (FYR) of Macedonia, the risks of climate change for the agricultural sector are a particularly immediate and important problem because the majority of the rural population depends either directly or indirectly on agriculture for their livelihoods. Climate impacts can therefore undermine progress that has been made in poverty reduction and adversely impact food security and economic growth in vulnerable rural areas. In order to be effective, a plan for adapting the sector to climate change must strengthen both human capital and physical capital in their capacity. The need to adapt to climate change in all sectors is now on the agenda of national governments and development partners. As a result, development partners will continue to have an important role in enhancing the adaptive capacity of the Macedonian agricultural sector. Another key factor for FYR Macedonia's development of an adaptation plan for agriculture is furthering FYR Macedonia's work toward European Union (EU) accession, for which FYR Macedonia has been a candidate since 2005. The Macedonian government has already begun to focus on required EU reforms, including work on the agriculture strengthening and accession project with the World Bank. Along with these needed reforms, the EU encourages action toward climate change preparedness and adaptation. This report provides a menu of climate change adaptation options for the agriculture and water resources sectors, along with specific recommendations for adaptation actions that are tailored to distinct agro-ecological zones (AEZs) within FYR Macedonia. This report is structured as follows: chapter one gives current conditions for Macedonian agriculture and climate; chapter two presents design and methodology; chapter three deals with impacts of climate change on agriculture in FYR Macedonia; chapter four deals with identification of adaptation options for managing risk to FYR Macedonia's agricultural systems; chapter five presents cost-benefit analysis; and chapter six gives options to improve climate resilience of FYR Macedonia's agricultural sector. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Publication |
| author |
Sutton, William R. Srivastava, Jitendra P. Neumann, James E. Strzępek, Kenneth M. Boehlert, Brent B. |
| author_facet |
Sutton, William R. Srivastava, Jitendra P. Neumann, James E. Strzępek, Kenneth M. Boehlert, Brent B. |
| author_sort |
Sutton, William R. |
| title |
Reducing the Vulnerability of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's Agricultural Systems to Climate Change : Impact Assessment and Adaptation Options |
| title_short |
Reducing the Vulnerability of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's Agricultural Systems to Climate Change : Impact Assessment and Adaptation Options |
| title_full |
Reducing the Vulnerability of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's Agricultural Systems to Climate Change : Impact Assessment and Adaptation Options |
| title_fullStr |
Reducing the Vulnerability of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's Agricultural Systems to Climate Change : Impact Assessment and Adaptation Options |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Reducing the Vulnerability of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's Agricultural Systems to Climate Change : Impact Assessment and Adaptation Options |
| title_sort |
reducing the vulnerability of the former yugoslav republic of macedonia's agricultural systems to climate change : impact assessment and adaptation options |
| publisher |
Washington, DC: World Bank |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16201 |
| _version_ |
1764432484013965312 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-162012021-04-23T14:03:27Z Reducing the Vulnerability of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's Agricultural Systems to Climate Change : Impact Assessment and Adaptation Options Sutton, William R. Srivastava, Jitendra P. Neumann, James E. Strzępek, Kenneth M. Boehlert, Brent B. acid acid rain agricultural area agricultural crop agricultural economy agricultural education agricultural experts agricultural extension agricultural extension service agricultural land Agricultural markets agricultural policies Agricultural Policy agricultural practices Agricultural Production agricultural productivity Agricultural Products agricultural research agricultural research centers Agricultural research institutes Agricultural Systems Agriculture Agriculture Organization agronomic practices agronomists altitude animals annual precipitation assessment of climate risks Average yield average yields Capacity Building carbon carbon dioxide carbon dioxide concentrations Cattle cereal crops cereals Climate climate adaptation Climate Change climate change adaptation Climate Change Analysis Climate Change IMPACT Climate Change IMPACT ASSESSMENT Climate Change Impacts climate change scenarios climate changes climate conditions climate data climate hazard Climate Hazards Climate Impact Climate Impacts Climate Resilience Climate Scenario Climate Scenarios climate variability Climatic changes CO2 colors Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research Cost Analysis Crop crop areas Crop damage crop growth crop losses crop management crop production crop residues crop rotations Crop Varieties Crop Yield Crop Yields Crops cultivated land deforestation diseases drip irrigation drought Ecological Zones economics of adaptation to climate change Effect of Climate Change effect of temperature erosion control European Commission evaporation evapotranspiration Extension Agency extension agents extreme events extreme heat extreme heat events extreme weather extreme weather events FAO Farmers farming farmland farms Fertilization floods food security Ford Foundation forest forest ecosystems Forestry forests Framework Convention on Climate Change frost fruits future climate change GCM general circulation model GIS Goats Grain green houses Green Revolution Greenhouse Greenhouse Gas greenhouse gas emission greenhouse gas emission reductions greenhouse gas emissions Greenhouse Gas Mitigation greenhouse gases Hail High temperature high yields high-yield crop varieties ICARDA IFPRI IMPACT ASSESSMENT Impact of Climate Impact of Climate Change Impacts of Climate Change implications of climate change increase in temperature Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas International Food Policy Research Institute IPCC Irrigation irrigation systems land degradation Livestock lower rainfall Maize maize yields meteorological data meteorological information Moisture Index negative impact overgrazing pesticides pests plant breeding plant growth pollution polyethylene poverty rates poverty reduction Precipitation quantitative analysis rain rainfall resilience to climate change resistant varieties risks of climate change River Basins Rockefeller Foundation roots Rural Development Rural Development Strategies rural economies rural population Scientist season seed varieties seeds Sheep soil conservation soil degradation soil erosion soil moisture soil type soils summer temperature sunshine Sustainable Development Temperature temperature change temperature changes temperature increase temperature increases temperature stress temperatures trees UNDP United Nations United Nations Development Programme vegetable production vegetables Vulnerability to Climate Change water quality water resources Water Use Efficiency Wheat Wheat yields wind winter wheat world food supply yield losses Agricultural production is inextricably tied to climate, making agriculture one of the most climate-sensitive of all economic sectors. In countries such as the Former Yugoslav Republic (FYR) of Macedonia, the risks of climate change for the agricultural sector are a particularly immediate and important problem because the majority of the rural population depends either directly or indirectly on agriculture for their livelihoods. Climate impacts can therefore undermine progress that has been made in poverty reduction and adversely impact food security and economic growth in vulnerable rural areas. In order to be effective, a plan for adapting the sector to climate change must strengthen both human capital and physical capital in their capacity. The need to adapt to climate change in all sectors is now on the agenda of national governments and development partners. As a result, development partners will continue to have an important role in enhancing the adaptive capacity of the Macedonian agricultural sector. Another key factor for FYR Macedonia's development of an adaptation plan for agriculture is furthering FYR Macedonia's work toward European Union (EU) accession, for which FYR Macedonia has been a candidate since 2005. The Macedonian government has already begun to focus on required EU reforms, including work on the agriculture strengthening and accession project with the World Bank. Along with these needed reforms, the EU encourages action toward climate change preparedness and adaptation. This report provides a menu of climate change adaptation options for the agriculture and water resources sectors, along with specific recommendations for adaptation actions that are tailored to distinct agro-ecological zones (AEZs) within FYR Macedonia. This report is structured as follows: chapter one gives current conditions for Macedonian agriculture and climate; chapter two presents design and methodology; chapter three deals with impacts of climate change on agriculture in FYR Macedonia; chapter four deals with identification of adaptation options for managing risk to FYR Macedonia's agricultural systems; chapter five presents cost-benefit analysis; and chapter six gives options to improve climate resilience of FYR Macedonia's agricultural sector. 2013-10-25T20:27:33Z 2013-10-25T20:27:33Z 2013-10-03 978-1-4648-0043-6 10.1596/978-1-4648-0043-6 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16201 en_US World Bank Study; CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank Washington, DC: World Bank Publications & Research :: Publication Publications & Research Europe and Central Asia Macedonia, former Yugoslav Republic of North Macedonia (Formerly the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) |