Fiscal Sustainability in Burundi : Baseline Projections, Stochastic Simulations, and Policy Scenarios

This paper analyzes Burundi's medium-term fiscal sustainability in the light of the country's vulnerability to various shocks. Earlier studies have highlighted the country's vulnerability to exogenous shocks related to commodity expo...

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Main Author:	Kida, Mizuho
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2013
Subjects:	ADVANCED ECONOMIES ADVERSE CONSEQUENCE AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURE AMORTIZATION ANNUAL AVERAGE RATE ANNUAL PRECIPITATION ANNUAL REVENUE BANK ACCOUNTS BANK DEBT BANK POLICY BASELINE PROJECTIONS BASELINE SCENARIO BUDGET SUPPORT CAPITAL ASSETS CAPITAL EXPENDITURE CAPITAL EXPENDITURES CENTRAL GOVERNMENT CENTRAL GOVERNMENT REVENUE CIVIL SERVANTS CIVIL SERVICE CIVIL SERVICE PAY COLLUSION COMMODITY PRICES CORRUPTION CREDIT FACILITY CREDITORS DEBT DEBT POLICY DEBT SERVICE DEBT SERVICE PAYMENTS DEBT SUSTAINABILITY DEFICIT FINANCING DEFICITS DEVELOPMENT BANK DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISBURSEMENT DISBURSEMENTS DOMESTIC BANKS DOMESTIC BORROWING DOMESTIC DEBT DOMESTIC FIRMS DOMESTIC REVENUE DONOR SUPPORT ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OUTLOOK ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC REFORMS ECONOMIC SITUATION EFFICIENCY GAINS ELASTICITY EMERGENCY FINANCING EMERGING MARKET EMERGING MARKET COUNTRIES ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES ENROLLMENT EX POST ASSESSMENT EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXISTING DEBT EXOGENOUS SHOCKS EXOGENOUS VARIABLES EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURE CUTS EXPENDITURE POLICY EXPENDITURES EXPORT EARNINGS EXPORTS EXTERNAL BORROWING EXTERNAL DEBT EXTERNAL GRANTS EXTERNAL SHOCKS FARMERS FIDUCIARY CONCERNS FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY FINANCIAL ASSETS FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS FINANCING NEEDS FISCAL ADJUSTMENT FISCAL BALANCE FISCAL COSTS FISCAL DEFICIT FISCAL DEFICITS FISCAL FRAMEWORK FISCAL IMPACT FISCAL IMPLICATIONS FISCAL MANAGEMENT FISCAL OUTCOMES FISCAL POLICY FISCAL POSITION FISCAL PROJECTIONS FISCAL REFORM FISCAL REFORMS FISCAL RISK FISCAL RISKS FISCAL STRATEGIES FISCAL STRATEGY FISCAL SURPLUS FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY FISCAL VULNERABILITIES FISCAL VULNERABILITY FIXED CAPITAL FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN RESERVES GLOBAL MARKET GOVERNANCE ISSUES GOVERNMENT DEBT GOVERNMENT REVENUE GOVERNMENT REVENUES GOVERNMENT SPENDING GREATER ACCESS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH RATE HEALTH CARE INCOME INCOME TAX INEQUALITIES INEQUALITY INFLATION INFLATION RATE INFLATIONARY EXPECTATIONS INFLATIONARY PRESSURE INTEREST COSTS INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL FINANCE INVESTING INVESTMENT CLIMATE LACK OF ACCESS LOCAL CURRENCY MACROECONOMIC FORECASTS MACROECONOMIC IMPACT MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY MACROECONOMIC POLICIES MACROECONOMIC PROJECTIONS MARKET PRICE MARKET PRICES MONETARY FUND MULTIPLIER EFFECT NEGATIVE SHOCK OIL PRICE POLICY RESPONSE POLICY RESPONSES POVERTY REDUCTION PRESENT VALUE PRICE INCREASES PRIVATE SECTOR PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC PUBLIC ASSETS PUBLIC DEBT PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW PUBLIC FINANCES PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC REVENUE PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SECTOR PERFORMANCE PUBLIC SERVICE RAPID POPULATION GROWTH REAL GDP REAL GROWTH REFORM AGENDA REFORM BILL RESERVES RETURN REVENUE COLLECTION REVENUE GROWTH REVENUE INCREASES REVENUE REFORM RISK OF DEBT SAVINGS SCHOOL FEES SOCIAL SECURITY SOURCE OF INCOME STATE ASSETS STATUTORY PAYMENTS STRUCTURAL REFORMS SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS TAX TAX BASE TAX CODE TAX COLLECTION TAX EXEMPTION TAX EXEMPTIONS TAX INCENTIVES TAX REFORM TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TAX SUBSIDIES TOTAL DEBT TOTAL EXPENDITURE TOTAL REVENUE TRANSPARENCY TREASURY UNCERTAINTY UNION VALUE ADDED VILLAGE WAGES stochastic simulation fainfall
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/08/18134682/fiscal-sustainability-burundi-baseline-projections-stochastic-simulations-policy-scenarios http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16015

id	okr-10986-16015
recordtype	oai_dc
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	ADVANCED ECONOMIES ADVERSE CONSEQUENCE AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURE AMORTIZATION ANNUAL AVERAGE RATE ANNUAL PRECIPITATION ANNUAL REVENUE BANK ACCOUNTS BANK DEBT BANK POLICY BASELINE PROJECTIONS BASELINE SCENARIO BUDGET SUPPORT CAPITAL ASSETS CAPITAL EXPENDITURE CAPITAL EXPENDITURES CENTRAL GOVERNMENT CENTRAL GOVERNMENT REVENUE CIVIL SERVANTS CIVIL SERVICE CIVIL SERVICE PAY COLLUSION COMMODITY PRICES CORRUPTION CREDIT FACILITY CREDITORS DEBT DEBT POLICY DEBT SERVICE DEBT SERVICE PAYMENTS DEBT SUSTAINABILITY DEFICIT FINANCING DEFICITS DEVELOPMENT BANK DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISBURSEMENT DISBURSEMENTS DOMESTIC BANKS DOMESTIC BORROWING DOMESTIC DEBT DOMESTIC FIRMS DOMESTIC REVENUE DONOR SUPPORT ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OUTLOOK ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC REFORMS ECONOMIC SITUATION EFFICIENCY GAINS ELASTICITY EMERGENCY FINANCING EMERGING MARKET EMERGING MARKET COUNTRIES ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES ENROLLMENT EX POST ASSESSMENT EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXISTING DEBT EXOGENOUS SHOCKS EXOGENOUS VARIABLES EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURE CUTS EXPENDITURE POLICY EXPENDITURES EXPORT EARNINGS EXPORTS EXTERNAL BORROWING EXTERNAL DEBT EXTERNAL GRANTS EXTERNAL SHOCKS FARMERS FIDUCIARY CONCERNS FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY FINANCIAL ASSETS FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS FINANCING NEEDS FISCAL ADJUSTMENT FISCAL BALANCE FISCAL COSTS FISCAL DEFICIT FISCAL DEFICITS FISCAL FRAMEWORK FISCAL IMPACT FISCAL IMPLICATIONS FISCAL MANAGEMENT FISCAL OUTCOMES FISCAL POLICY FISCAL POSITION FISCAL PROJECTIONS FISCAL REFORM FISCAL REFORMS FISCAL RISK FISCAL RISKS FISCAL STRATEGIES FISCAL STRATEGY FISCAL SURPLUS FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY FISCAL VULNERABILITIES FISCAL VULNERABILITY FIXED CAPITAL FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN RESERVES GLOBAL MARKET GOVERNANCE ISSUES GOVERNMENT DEBT GOVERNMENT REVENUE GOVERNMENT REVENUES GOVERNMENT SPENDING GREATER ACCESS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH RATE HEALTH CARE INCOME INCOME TAX INEQUALITIES INEQUALITY INFLATION INFLATION RATE INFLATIONARY EXPECTATIONS INFLATIONARY PRESSURE INTEREST COSTS INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL FINANCE INVESTING INVESTMENT CLIMATE LACK OF ACCESS LOCAL CURRENCY MACROECONOMIC FORECASTS MACROECONOMIC IMPACT MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY MACROECONOMIC POLICIES MACROECONOMIC PROJECTIONS MARKET PRICE MARKET PRICES MONETARY FUND MULTIPLIER EFFECT NEGATIVE SHOCK OIL PRICE POLICY RESPONSE POLICY RESPONSES POVERTY REDUCTION PRESENT VALUE PRICE INCREASES PRIVATE SECTOR PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC PUBLIC ASSETS PUBLIC DEBT PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW PUBLIC FINANCES PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC REVENUE PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SECTOR PERFORMANCE PUBLIC SERVICE RAPID POPULATION GROWTH REAL GDP REAL GROWTH REFORM AGENDA REFORM BILL RESERVES RETURN REVENUE COLLECTION REVENUE GROWTH REVENUE INCREASES REVENUE REFORM RISK OF DEBT SAVINGS SCHOOL FEES SOCIAL SECURITY SOURCE OF INCOME STATE ASSETS STATUTORY PAYMENTS STRUCTURAL REFORMS SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS TAX TAX BASE TAX CODE TAX COLLECTION TAX EXEMPTION TAX EXEMPTIONS TAX INCENTIVES TAX REFORM TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TAX SUBSIDIES TOTAL DEBT TOTAL EXPENDITURE TOTAL REVENUE TRANSPARENCY TREASURY UNCERTAINTY UNION VALUE ADDED VILLAGE WAGES stochastic simulation fainfall
spellingShingle	ADVANCED ECONOMIES ADVERSE CONSEQUENCE AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURE AMORTIZATION ANNUAL AVERAGE RATE ANNUAL PRECIPITATION ANNUAL REVENUE BANK ACCOUNTS BANK DEBT BANK POLICY BASELINE PROJECTIONS BASELINE SCENARIO BUDGET SUPPORT CAPITAL ASSETS CAPITAL EXPENDITURE CAPITAL EXPENDITURES CENTRAL GOVERNMENT CENTRAL GOVERNMENT REVENUE CIVIL SERVANTS CIVIL SERVICE CIVIL SERVICE PAY COLLUSION COMMODITY PRICES CORRUPTION CREDIT FACILITY CREDITORS DEBT DEBT POLICY DEBT SERVICE DEBT SERVICE PAYMENTS DEBT SUSTAINABILITY DEFICIT FINANCING DEFICITS DEVELOPMENT BANK DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISBURSEMENT DISBURSEMENTS DOMESTIC BANKS DOMESTIC BORROWING DOMESTIC DEBT DOMESTIC FIRMS DOMESTIC REVENUE DONOR SUPPORT ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OUTLOOK ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC REFORMS ECONOMIC SITUATION EFFICIENCY GAINS ELASTICITY EMERGENCY FINANCING EMERGING MARKET EMERGING MARKET COUNTRIES ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES ENROLLMENT EX POST ASSESSMENT EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXISTING DEBT EXOGENOUS SHOCKS EXOGENOUS VARIABLES EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURE CUTS EXPENDITURE POLICY EXPENDITURES EXPORT EARNINGS EXPORTS EXTERNAL BORROWING EXTERNAL DEBT EXTERNAL GRANTS EXTERNAL SHOCKS FARMERS FIDUCIARY CONCERNS FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY FINANCIAL ASSETS FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS FINANCING NEEDS FISCAL ADJUSTMENT FISCAL BALANCE FISCAL COSTS FISCAL DEFICIT FISCAL DEFICITS FISCAL FRAMEWORK FISCAL IMPACT FISCAL IMPLICATIONS FISCAL MANAGEMENT FISCAL OUTCOMES FISCAL POLICY FISCAL POSITION FISCAL PROJECTIONS FISCAL REFORM FISCAL REFORMS FISCAL RISK FISCAL RISKS FISCAL STRATEGIES FISCAL STRATEGY FISCAL SURPLUS FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY FISCAL VULNERABILITIES FISCAL VULNERABILITY FIXED CAPITAL FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN RESERVES GLOBAL MARKET GOVERNANCE ISSUES GOVERNMENT DEBT GOVERNMENT REVENUE GOVERNMENT REVENUES GOVERNMENT SPENDING GREATER ACCESS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH RATE HEALTH CARE INCOME INCOME TAX INEQUALITIES INEQUALITY INFLATION INFLATION RATE INFLATIONARY EXPECTATIONS INFLATIONARY PRESSURE INTEREST COSTS INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL FINANCE INVESTING INVESTMENT CLIMATE LACK OF ACCESS LOCAL CURRENCY MACROECONOMIC FORECASTS MACROECONOMIC IMPACT MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY MACROECONOMIC POLICIES MACROECONOMIC PROJECTIONS MARKET PRICE MARKET PRICES MONETARY FUND MULTIPLIER EFFECT NEGATIVE SHOCK OIL PRICE POLICY RESPONSE POLICY RESPONSES POVERTY REDUCTION PRESENT VALUE PRICE INCREASES PRIVATE SECTOR PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC PUBLIC ASSETS PUBLIC DEBT PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW PUBLIC FINANCES PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC REVENUE PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SECTOR PERFORMANCE PUBLIC SERVICE RAPID POPULATION GROWTH REAL GDP REAL GROWTH REFORM AGENDA REFORM BILL RESERVES RETURN REVENUE COLLECTION REVENUE GROWTH REVENUE INCREASES REVENUE REFORM RISK OF DEBT SAVINGS SCHOOL FEES SOCIAL SECURITY SOURCE OF INCOME STATE ASSETS STATUTORY PAYMENTS STRUCTURAL REFORMS SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS TAX TAX BASE TAX CODE TAX COLLECTION TAX EXEMPTION TAX EXEMPTIONS TAX INCENTIVES TAX REFORM TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TAX SUBSIDIES TOTAL DEBT TOTAL EXPENDITURE TOTAL REVENUE TRANSPARENCY TREASURY UNCERTAINTY UNION VALUE ADDED VILLAGE WAGES stochastic simulation fainfall Kida, Mizuho Fiscal Sustainability in Burundi : Baseline Projections, Stochastic Simulations, and Policy Scenarios
geographic_facet	Africa Burundi
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6581
description	This paper analyzes Burundi's medium-term fiscal sustainability in the light of the country's vulnerability to various shocks. Earlier studies have highlighted the country's vulnerability to exogenous shocks related to commodity exports, rain-fed agriculture, and volatile foreign aid. Internally, uncertainty about the implementation of the government's fiscal reforms is a key risk. The earlier studies, however, did not quantify the size and impact of the risks on the country's fiscal sustainability. Drawing initially on the standard inter-temporal sustainability framework, the baseline analysis shows that Burundi's ongoing fiscal policy strategy is not sustainable, even with a gradually improving external environment and relatively strong growth. Stochastic simulations show that adverse shocks to rainfall or coffee prices could increase the country's debt-to-gross domestic product ratio by 5 to 7 percentage points above the projected baseline ratio. Aid shocks could have an even larger impact but the estimates are less statistically reliable because of the short time series and because historical volatility in part reflects endogenous shocks (such as reform implementation) as well as exogenous shocks (donors' behavior). The policy scenario analysis shows that future fiscal sustainability will hinge on the government's ability to stick to its plans to broaden the tax base, streamline generous tax incentives and exemptions, and control civil service wages and short-run expenditure pressures -- risks that need to be monitored closely over the political cycle in the country.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Kida, Mizuho
author_facet	Kida, Mizuho
author_sort	Kida, Mizuho
title	Fiscal Sustainability in Burundi : Baseline Projections, Stochastic Simulations, and Policy Scenarios
title_short	Fiscal Sustainability in Burundi : Baseline Projections, Stochastic Simulations, and Policy Scenarios
title_full	Fiscal Sustainability in Burundi : Baseline Projections, Stochastic Simulations, and Policy Scenarios
title_fullStr	Fiscal Sustainability in Burundi : Baseline Projections, Stochastic Simulations, and Policy Scenarios
title_full_unstemmed	Fiscal Sustainability in Burundi : Baseline Projections, Stochastic Simulations, and Policy Scenarios
title_sort	fiscal sustainability in burundi : baseline projections, stochastic simulations, and policy scenarios
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2013
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/08/18134682/fiscal-sustainability-burundi-baseline-projections-stochastic-simulations-policy-scenarios http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16015
_version_	1764432032021086208
spelling	okr-10986-160152021-04-23T14:03:27Z Fiscal Sustainability in Burundi : Baseline Projections, Stochastic Simulations, and Policy Scenarios Kida, Mizuho ADVANCED ECONOMIES ADVERSE CONSEQUENCE AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURE AMORTIZATION ANNUAL AVERAGE RATE ANNUAL PRECIPITATION ANNUAL REVENUE BANK ACCOUNTS BANK DEBT BANK POLICY BASELINE PROJECTIONS BASELINE SCENARIO BUDGET SUPPORT CAPITAL ASSETS CAPITAL EXPENDITURE CAPITAL EXPENDITURES CENTRAL GOVERNMENT CENTRAL GOVERNMENT REVENUE CIVIL SERVANTS CIVIL SERVICE CIVIL SERVICE PAY COLLUSION COMMODITY PRICES CORRUPTION CREDIT FACILITY CREDITORS DEBT DEBT POLICY DEBT SERVICE DEBT SERVICE PAYMENTS DEBT SUSTAINABILITY DEFICIT FINANCING DEFICITS DEVELOPMENT BANK DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISBURSEMENT DISBURSEMENTS DOMESTIC BANKS DOMESTIC BORROWING DOMESTIC DEBT DOMESTIC FIRMS DOMESTIC REVENUE DONOR SUPPORT ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OUTLOOK ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC REFORMS ECONOMIC SITUATION EFFICIENCY GAINS ELASTICITY EMERGENCY FINANCING EMERGING MARKET EMERGING MARKET COUNTRIES ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES ENROLLMENT EX POST ASSESSMENT EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXISTING DEBT EXOGENOUS SHOCKS EXOGENOUS VARIABLES EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURE CUTS EXPENDITURE POLICY EXPENDITURES EXPORT EARNINGS EXPORTS EXTERNAL BORROWING EXTERNAL DEBT EXTERNAL GRANTS EXTERNAL SHOCKS FARMERS FIDUCIARY CONCERNS FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY FINANCIAL ASSETS FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS FINANCING NEEDS FISCAL ADJUSTMENT FISCAL BALANCE FISCAL COSTS FISCAL DEFICIT FISCAL DEFICITS FISCAL FRAMEWORK FISCAL IMPACT FISCAL IMPLICATIONS FISCAL MANAGEMENT FISCAL OUTCOMES FISCAL POLICY FISCAL POSITION FISCAL PROJECTIONS FISCAL REFORM FISCAL REFORMS FISCAL RISK FISCAL RISKS FISCAL STRATEGIES FISCAL STRATEGY FISCAL SURPLUS FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY FISCAL VULNERABILITIES FISCAL VULNERABILITY FIXED CAPITAL FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN RESERVES GLOBAL MARKET GOVERNANCE ISSUES GOVERNMENT DEBT GOVERNMENT REVENUE GOVERNMENT REVENUES GOVERNMENT SPENDING GREATER ACCESS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH RATE HEALTH CARE INCOME INCOME TAX INEQUALITIES INEQUALITY INFLATION INFLATION RATE INFLATIONARY EXPECTATIONS INFLATIONARY PRESSURE INTEREST COSTS INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL FINANCE INVESTING INVESTMENT CLIMATE LACK OF ACCESS LOCAL CURRENCY MACROECONOMIC FORECASTS MACROECONOMIC IMPACT MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY MACROECONOMIC POLICIES MACROECONOMIC PROJECTIONS MARKET PRICE MARKET PRICES MONETARY FUND MULTIPLIER EFFECT NEGATIVE SHOCK OIL PRICE POLICY RESPONSE POLICY RESPONSES POVERTY REDUCTION PRESENT VALUE PRICE INCREASES PRIVATE SECTOR PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC PUBLIC ASSETS PUBLIC DEBT PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW PUBLIC FINANCES PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC REVENUE PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SECTOR PERFORMANCE PUBLIC SERVICE RAPID POPULATION GROWTH REAL GDP REAL GROWTH REFORM AGENDA REFORM BILL RESERVES RETURN REVENUE COLLECTION REVENUE GROWTH REVENUE INCREASES REVENUE REFORM RISK OF DEBT SAVINGS SCHOOL FEES SOCIAL SECURITY SOURCE OF INCOME STATE ASSETS STATUTORY PAYMENTS STRUCTURAL REFORMS SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS TAX TAX BASE TAX CODE TAX COLLECTION TAX EXEMPTION TAX EXEMPTIONS TAX INCENTIVES TAX REFORM TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TAX SUBSIDIES TOTAL DEBT TOTAL EXPENDITURE TOTAL REVENUE TRANSPARENCY TREASURY UNCERTAINTY UNION VALUE ADDED VILLAGE WAGES stochastic simulation fainfall This paper analyzes Burundi's medium-term fiscal sustainability in the light of the country's vulnerability to various shocks. Earlier studies have highlighted the country's vulnerability to exogenous shocks related to commodity exports, rain-fed agriculture, and volatile foreign aid. Internally, uncertainty about the implementation of the government's fiscal reforms is a key risk. The earlier studies, however, did not quantify the size and impact of the risks on the country's fiscal sustainability. Drawing initially on the standard inter-temporal sustainability framework, the baseline analysis shows that Burundi's ongoing fiscal policy strategy is not sustainable, even with a gradually improving external environment and relatively strong growth. Stochastic simulations show that adverse shocks to rainfall or coffee prices could increase the country's debt-to-gross domestic product ratio by 5 to 7 percentage points above the projected baseline ratio. Aid shocks could have an even larger impact but the estimates are less statistically reliable because of the short time series and because historical volatility in part reflects endogenous shocks (such as reform implementation) as well as exogenous shocks (donors' behavior). The policy scenario analysis shows that future fiscal sustainability will hinge on the government's ability to stick to its plans to broaden the tax base, streamline generous tax incentives and exemptions, and control civil service wages and short-run expenditure pressures -- risks that need to be monitored closely over the political cycle in the country. 2013-10-02T17:05:59Z 2013-10-02T17:05:59Z 2013-08 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/08/18134682/fiscal-sustainability-burundi-baseline-projections-stochastic-simulations-policy-scenarios http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16015 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6581 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Africa Burundi

Fiscal Sustainability in Burundi : Baseline Projections, Stochastic Simulations, and Policy Scenarios

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