Urbanization and Agglomeration Benefits : Gender Differentiated Impacts on Enterprise Creation in India's Informal Sector
This paper presents an exploration at the intersection of four important themes in the current development discourse: urbanization, agglomeration benefits, gender and informality. Focusing on the important policy objective of new enterprise creatio...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, D.C.
2013
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/08/18066755/urbanization-agglomeration-benefits-gender-differentiated-impacts-enterprise-creation-indias-informal-sector http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15918 |
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okr-10986-159182021-04-23T14:03:26Z Urbanization and Agglomeration Benefits : Gender Differentiated Impacts on Enterprise Creation in India's Informal Sector Ghani, Ejaz Kanbur, Ravi O'Connell, Stephen D. CITIES DEBT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISTRICTS EMPLOYMENT ENTREPRENEURSHIP FASHION FEMALE FEMALES FIRMS GENDER INTERMEDIATE GOODS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LARGE ENTERPRISES LOCAL INPUT LOCAL MARKET MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES MARKET ACCESS MICRODATA POLITICAL ECONOMY RETURN RURAL AREAS SEES SIZE OF ENTERPRISE SUPPLIERS URBAN AREAS URBAN POPULATION URBANIZATION This paper presents an exploration at the intersection of four important themes in the current development discourse: urbanization, agglomeration benefits, gender and informality. Focusing on the important policy objective of new enterprise creation in the informal sector, it asks and answers four specific questions on the impact of urbanization and gender. It finds that (i) the effect of market access to inputs, on creation of new enterprises in the informal sector, is greater in more urbanized areas; (ii) This "urbanization gradient" also exists separately for the creation of female owned enterprises and male owned enterprises; (iii) there is a differential impact of female specific market access compared to male specific market access, on female owned enterprise creation in the informal sector ; and (iv) gender specific market access to inputs matters equally in more or less urbanized areas. Among the policy implications of these findings are that (i) new enterprise creation by females can be encouraged by urbanization, but (ii) the effect can be stronger by improving female specific market access, especially to inputs. The analysis in this paper opens up a rich research agenda, including further investigation of the nature of input based versus output based perspectives on agglomeration benefits, and exploration of policy instruments that can improve female specific market access, which is shown to increase female owned enterprise creation. 2013-09-27T19:24:52Z 2013-09-27T19:24:52Z 2013-08 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/08/18066755/urbanization-agglomeration-benefits-gender-differentiated-impacts-enterprise-creation-indias-informal-sector http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15918 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No.6553 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, D.C. Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research South Asia India |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
CITIES DEBT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISTRICTS EMPLOYMENT ENTREPRENEURSHIP FASHION FEMALE FEMALES FIRMS GENDER INTERMEDIATE GOODS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LARGE ENTERPRISES LOCAL INPUT LOCAL MARKET MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES MARKET ACCESS MICRODATA POLITICAL ECONOMY RETURN RURAL AREAS SEES SIZE OF ENTERPRISE SUPPLIERS URBAN AREAS URBAN POPULATION URBANIZATION |
| spellingShingle |
CITIES DEBT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISTRICTS EMPLOYMENT ENTREPRENEURSHIP FASHION FEMALE FEMALES FIRMS GENDER INTERMEDIATE GOODS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LARGE ENTERPRISES LOCAL INPUT LOCAL MARKET MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES MARKET ACCESS MICRODATA POLITICAL ECONOMY RETURN RURAL AREAS SEES SIZE OF ENTERPRISE SUPPLIERS URBAN AREAS URBAN POPULATION URBANIZATION Ghani, Ejaz Kanbur, Ravi O'Connell, Stephen D. Urbanization and Agglomeration Benefits : Gender Differentiated Impacts on Enterprise Creation in India's Informal Sector |
| geographic_facet |
South Asia India |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper;No.6553 |
| description |
This paper presents an exploration at
the intersection of four important themes in the current
development discourse: urbanization, agglomeration benefits,
gender and informality. Focusing on the important policy
objective of new enterprise creation in the informal sector,
it asks and answers four specific questions on the impact of
urbanization and gender. It finds that (i) the effect of
market access to inputs, on creation of new enterprises in
the informal sector, is greater in more urbanized areas;
(ii) This "urbanization gradient" also exists
separately for the creation of female owned enterprises and
male owned enterprises; (iii) there is a differential impact
of female specific market access compared to male specific
market access, on female owned enterprise creation in the
informal sector ; and (iv) gender specific market access to
inputs matters equally in more or less urbanized areas.
Among the policy implications of these findings are that (i)
new enterprise creation by females can be encouraged by
urbanization, but (ii) the effect can be stronger by
improving female specific market access, especially to
inputs. The analysis in this paper opens up a rich research
agenda, including further investigation of the nature of
input based versus output based perspectives on
agglomeration benefits, and exploration of policy
instruments that can improve female specific market access,
which is shown to increase female owned enterprise creation. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Ghani, Ejaz Kanbur, Ravi O'Connell, Stephen D. |
| author_facet |
Ghani, Ejaz Kanbur, Ravi O'Connell, Stephen D. |
| author_sort |
Ghani, Ejaz |
| title |
Urbanization and Agglomeration Benefits : Gender Differentiated Impacts on Enterprise Creation in India's Informal Sector |
| title_short |
Urbanization and Agglomeration Benefits : Gender Differentiated Impacts on Enterprise Creation in India's Informal Sector |
| title_full |
Urbanization and Agglomeration Benefits : Gender Differentiated Impacts on Enterprise Creation in India's Informal Sector |
| title_fullStr |
Urbanization and Agglomeration Benefits : Gender Differentiated Impacts on Enterprise Creation in India's Informal Sector |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Urbanization and Agglomeration Benefits : Gender Differentiated Impacts on Enterprise Creation in India's Informal Sector |
| title_sort |
urbanization and agglomeration benefits : gender differentiated impacts on enterprise creation in india's informal sector |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, D.C. |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/08/18066755/urbanization-agglomeration-benefits-gender-differentiated-impacts-enterprise-creation-indias-informal-sector http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15918 |
| _version_ |
1764431949887176704 |