Missing(ness) in Action : Selectivity Bias in GPS-Based Land Area Measurements
Land area is a fundamental component of agricultural statistics, and of analyses undertaken by agricultural economists. While household surveys in developing countries have traditionally relied on farmers' own, potentially error-prone, land ar...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2013
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/06/17875976/missingness-action-selectivity-bias-gps-based-land-area-measurements http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15849 |
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okr-10986-158492021-04-23T14:03:23Z Missing(ness) in Action : Selectivity Bias in GPS-Based Land Area Measurements Kilic, Talip Zezza, Alberto Carletto, Calogero Savastano, Sara AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURE COMMODITY COMPUTATION CONFIDENCE INTERVALS COVARIANCE COVARIANCE MATRIX DATA ANALYSES DATA ANALYSIS DATA COLLECTION DATA ENTRY DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DOMAIN DOMAINS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ENUMERATION EQUIPMENT EXPERIMENTS EXPLORATION FIELD WORK FINANCIAL RESOURCES FINANCIAL SUPPORT GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM GPS GROSS VALUE HUMAN RESOURCES HYPOTHESIS TESTING IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES IMPUTATION METHOD IMPUTATION METHODS IMPUTATION PROCESS IMPUTATIONS INCOME INDEPENDENT VARIABLES INNOVATION LINEAR PREDICTION LINEAR REGRESSION LIVING STANDARDS MEASUREMENT ERRORS MISSING DATA MISSING OBSERVATIONS MISSING VALUE MISSING VALUES MULTIPLE IMPUTATION OPEN ACCESS OPPORTUNITY COSTS POLITICAL ECONOMY PRECISION PREDICTIONS PROBABILITY PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTIVITY PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTOCOL PROTOCOLS QUALITY CONTROL QUESTIONNAIRES RESEARCH METHODS RESEARCH REPORT RESEARCH WORKING PAPERS RESEARCHERS RESULT RESULTS SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE SURVEYS SATELLITE SCIENCES SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS SIMULATIONS SOFTWARE PACKAGES STANDARD ERRORS STANDARD MEASUREMENT STATA STATISTICAL ANALYSES STATISTICAL INFERENCE STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES STATISTICIANS SUPERVISION SURPLUS LABOR SURVEY DATA SURVEY DESIGN SURVEYORS TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TOTAL OUTPUT TRANSITION ECONOMY USE VALUE USERS VALIDITY VALUE OF OUTPUT VARIABILITY WEALTH WEB WEIGHTING land area measurement land productivity Land area is a fundamental component of agricultural statistics, and of analyses undertaken by agricultural economists. While household surveys in developing countries have traditionally relied on farmers' own, potentially error-prone, land area assessments, the availability of affordable and reliable Global Positioning System (GPS) units has made GPS-based area measurement a practical alternative. Nonetheless, in an attempt to reduce costs, keep interview durations within reasonable limits, and avoid the difficulty of asking respondents to accompany interviewers to distant plots, survey implementing agencies typically require interviewers to record GPS-based area measurements only for plots within a given radius of dwelling locations. It is, therefore, common for as much as a third of the sample plots not to be measured, and research has not shed light on the possible selection bias in analyses relying on partial data due to gaps in GPS-based area measures. This paper explores the patterns of missingness in GPS-based plot areas, and investigates their implications for land productivity estimates and the inverse scale-land productivity relationship. Using Multiple Imputation (MI) to predict missing GPS-based plot areas in nationally-representative survey data from Uganda and Tanzania, the paper highlights the potential of MI in reliably simulating the missing data, and confirms the existence of an inverse scale-land productivity relationship, which is strengthened by using the complete, multiply-imputed dataset. The study demonstrates the usefulness of judiciously reconstructed GPS-based areas in alleviating concerns over potential measurement error in farmer-reported areas, and with regards to systematic bias in plot selection for GPS-based area measurement. 2013-09-26T14:54:44Z 2013-09-26T14:54:44Z 2013-06 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/06/17875976/missingness-action-selectivity-bias-gps-based-land-area-measurements http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15849 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6490 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Africa |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURE COMMODITY COMPUTATION CONFIDENCE INTERVALS COVARIANCE COVARIANCE MATRIX DATA ANALYSES DATA ANALYSIS DATA COLLECTION DATA ENTRY DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DOMAIN DOMAINS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ENUMERATION EQUIPMENT EXPERIMENTS EXPLORATION FIELD WORK FINANCIAL RESOURCES FINANCIAL SUPPORT GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM GPS GROSS VALUE HUMAN RESOURCES HYPOTHESIS TESTING IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES IMPUTATION METHOD IMPUTATION METHODS IMPUTATION PROCESS IMPUTATIONS INCOME INDEPENDENT VARIABLES INNOVATION LINEAR PREDICTION LINEAR REGRESSION LIVING STANDARDS MEASUREMENT ERRORS MISSING DATA MISSING OBSERVATIONS MISSING VALUE MISSING VALUES MULTIPLE IMPUTATION OPEN ACCESS OPPORTUNITY COSTS POLITICAL ECONOMY PRECISION PREDICTIONS PROBABILITY PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTIVITY PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTOCOL PROTOCOLS QUALITY CONTROL QUESTIONNAIRES RESEARCH METHODS RESEARCH REPORT RESEARCH WORKING PAPERS RESEARCHERS RESULT RESULTS SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE SURVEYS SATELLITE SCIENCES SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS SIMULATIONS SOFTWARE PACKAGES STANDARD ERRORS STANDARD MEASUREMENT STATA STATISTICAL ANALYSES STATISTICAL INFERENCE STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES STATISTICIANS SUPERVISION SURPLUS LABOR SURVEY DATA SURVEY DESIGN SURVEYORS TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TOTAL OUTPUT TRANSITION ECONOMY USE VALUE USERS VALIDITY VALUE OF OUTPUT VARIABILITY WEALTH WEB WEIGHTING land area measurement land productivity |
| spellingShingle |
AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURE COMMODITY COMPUTATION CONFIDENCE INTERVALS COVARIANCE COVARIANCE MATRIX DATA ANALYSES DATA ANALYSIS DATA COLLECTION DATA ENTRY DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DOMAIN DOMAINS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ENUMERATION EQUIPMENT EXPERIMENTS EXPLORATION FIELD WORK FINANCIAL RESOURCES FINANCIAL SUPPORT GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM GPS GROSS VALUE HUMAN RESOURCES HYPOTHESIS TESTING IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES IMPUTATION METHOD IMPUTATION METHODS IMPUTATION PROCESS IMPUTATIONS INCOME INDEPENDENT VARIABLES INNOVATION LINEAR PREDICTION LINEAR REGRESSION LIVING STANDARDS MEASUREMENT ERRORS MISSING DATA MISSING OBSERVATIONS MISSING VALUE MISSING VALUES MULTIPLE IMPUTATION OPEN ACCESS OPPORTUNITY COSTS POLITICAL ECONOMY PRECISION PREDICTIONS PROBABILITY PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTIVITY PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTOCOL PROTOCOLS QUALITY CONTROL QUESTIONNAIRES RESEARCH METHODS RESEARCH REPORT RESEARCH WORKING PAPERS RESEARCHERS RESULT RESULTS SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE SURVEYS SATELLITE SCIENCES SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS SIMULATIONS SOFTWARE PACKAGES STANDARD ERRORS STANDARD MEASUREMENT STATA STATISTICAL ANALYSES STATISTICAL INFERENCE STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES STATISTICIANS SUPERVISION SURPLUS LABOR SURVEY DATA SURVEY DESIGN SURVEYORS TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TOTAL OUTPUT TRANSITION ECONOMY USE VALUE USERS VALIDITY VALUE OF OUTPUT VARIABILITY WEALTH WEB WEIGHTING land area measurement land productivity Kilic, Talip Zezza, Alberto Carletto, Calogero Savastano, Sara Missing(ness) in Action : Selectivity Bias in GPS-Based Land Area Measurements |
| geographic_facet |
Africa |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6490 |
| description |
Land area is a fundamental component of
agricultural statistics, and of analyses undertaken by
agricultural economists. While household surveys in
developing countries have traditionally relied on
farmers' own, potentially error-prone, land area
assessments, the availability of affordable and reliable
Global Positioning System (GPS) units has made GPS-based
area measurement a practical alternative. Nonetheless, in an
attempt to reduce costs, keep interview durations within
reasonable limits, and avoid the difficulty of asking
respondents to accompany interviewers to distant plots,
survey implementing agencies typically require interviewers
to record GPS-based area measurements only for plots within
a given radius of dwelling locations. It is, therefore,
common for as much as a third of the sample plots not to be
measured, and research has not shed light on the possible
selection bias in analyses relying on partial data due to
gaps in GPS-based area measures. This paper explores the
patterns of missingness in GPS-based plot areas, and
investigates their implications for land productivity
estimates and the inverse scale-land productivity
relationship. Using Multiple Imputation (MI) to predict
missing GPS-based plot areas in nationally-representative
survey data from Uganda and Tanzania, the paper highlights
the potential of MI in reliably simulating the missing data,
and confirms the existence of an inverse scale-land
productivity relationship, which is strengthened by using
the complete, multiply-imputed dataset. The study
demonstrates the usefulness of judiciously reconstructed
GPS-based areas in alleviating concerns over potential
measurement error in farmer-reported areas, and with regards
to systematic bias in plot selection for GPS-based area measurement. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Kilic, Talip Zezza, Alberto Carletto, Calogero Savastano, Sara |
| author_facet |
Kilic, Talip Zezza, Alberto Carletto, Calogero Savastano, Sara |
| author_sort |
Kilic, Talip |
| title |
Missing(ness) in Action : Selectivity Bias in GPS-Based Land Area Measurements |
| title_short |
Missing(ness) in Action : Selectivity Bias in GPS-Based Land Area Measurements |
| title_full |
Missing(ness) in Action : Selectivity Bias in GPS-Based Land Area Measurements |
| title_fullStr |
Missing(ness) in Action : Selectivity Bias in GPS-Based Land Area Measurements |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Missing(ness) in Action : Selectivity Bias in GPS-Based Land Area Measurements |
| title_sort |
missing(ness) in action : selectivity bias in gps-based land area measurements |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/06/17875976/missingness-action-selectivity-bias-gps-based-land-area-measurements http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15849 |
| _version_ |
1764431616144310272 |