Inequality in China : An Overview

This paper provides an overview of research on income inequality in China over the period of economic reform. It presents the results of two main sources of evidence on income inequality and, assisted by various decompositions, explains the reasons...

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Main Author:	Knight, John
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2013
Subjects:	ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE POVERTY LINE ACCOUNTABILITY AGGREGATION BIAS ASSET INEQUALITY CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL GAINS CONDITIONAL CONVERGENCE DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DIFFERENCES IN INCOME DISPOSABLE INCOME ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC REFORM ECONOMIC REFORMS ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMIC THEORY EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FACTOR INCOME FARM INCOMES FARMERS FARMLAND FINANCIAL CRISIS GDP GINI COEFFICIENT GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSING SUBSIDIES HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME DISPARITIES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GAP INCOME GROUPS INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INCOME POVERTY INCOME TRANSFERS INCREASED INEQUALITY INCREASING INCOME INEQUALITY INEQUALITY INEQUALITY DECREASE INEQUALITY REDUCTION INSURANCE LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR SHORTAGE LABOUR LABOUR MARKET LAND OWNERSHIP MEAN INCOME MEASURING INEQUALITY MIGRANT LABOR MINIMUM INCOME MINIMUM WAGES NEGATIVE COEFFICIENT NEGATIVE EFFECT PENSIONS PER CAPITA GROWTH PERSONAL INCOME POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MEASURES POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR RURAL AREAS POPULATION DATA POSITIVE COEFFICIENT POSITIVE EFFECT POVERTY LINE POWER PARITY PROFIT SHARING PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC ECONOMICS PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC TRANSFERS QUESTIONNAIRES RAPID GROWTH REAL INCOME REDISTRIBUTIVE POLICY REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGIONAL LEVEL REGRESSION ANALYSES RELATIVE CONCEPT RELATIVE DEMAND RELATIVE INCOME RELATIVE POVERTY RENTS RISING INCOME INEQUALITY RISING INEQUALITY RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL DWELLERS RURAL HEALTH RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL INCOME RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT RURAL LABOR RURAL POLICIES RURAL POVERTY RURAL RESIDENCE SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL DISORDER SOCIAL SECURITY TAXATION TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNSKILLED LABOR URBAN EMPLOYMENT URBAN WORKERS WAGE INEQUALITY WAGE STRUCTURE WAGES WELL-BEING WELLBEING WELLBEING subjective well-being social instability
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/06/17857325/inequality-china-overview http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15843

id	okr-10986-15843
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-158432021-04-23T14:03:23Z Inequality in China : An Overview Knight, John ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE POVERTY LINE ACCOUNTABILITY AGGREGATION BIAS ASSET INEQUALITY CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL GAINS CONDITIONAL CONVERGENCE DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DIFFERENCES IN INCOME DISPOSABLE INCOME ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC REFORM ECONOMIC REFORMS ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMIC THEORY EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FACTOR INCOME FARM INCOMES FARMERS FARMLAND FINANCIAL CRISIS GDP GINI COEFFICIENT GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSING SUBSIDIES HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME DISPARITIES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GAP INCOME GROUPS INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INCOME POVERTY INCOME TRANSFERS INCREASED INEQUALITY INCREASING INCOME INEQUALITY INEQUALITY INEQUALITY DECREASE INEQUALITY REDUCTION INSURANCE LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR SHORTAGE LABOUR LABOUR MARKET LAND OWNERSHIP MEAN INCOME MEASURING INEQUALITY MIGRANT LABOR MINIMUM INCOME MINIMUM WAGES NEGATIVE COEFFICIENT NEGATIVE EFFECT PENSIONS PER CAPITA GROWTH PERSONAL INCOME POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MEASURES POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR RURAL AREAS POPULATION DATA POSITIVE COEFFICIENT POSITIVE EFFECT POVERTY LINE POWER PARITY PROFIT SHARING PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC ECONOMICS PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC TRANSFERS QUESTIONNAIRES RAPID GROWTH REAL INCOME REDISTRIBUTIVE POLICY REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGIONAL LEVEL REGRESSION ANALYSES RELATIVE CONCEPT RELATIVE DEMAND RELATIVE INCOME RELATIVE POVERTY RENTS RISING INCOME INEQUALITY RISING INEQUALITY RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL DWELLERS RURAL HEALTH RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL INCOME RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT RURAL LABOR RURAL POLICIES RURAL POVERTY RURAL RESIDENCE SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL DISORDER SOCIAL SECURITY TAXATION TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNSKILLED LABOR URBAN EMPLOYMENT URBAN WORKERS WAGE INEQUALITY WAGE STRUCTURE WAGES WELL-BEING WELLBEING WELLBEING subjective well-being social instability This paper provides an overview of research on income inequality in China over the period of economic reform. It presents the results of two main sources of evidence on income inequality and, assisted by various decompositions, explains the reasons income inequality has increased rapidly and the Gini coefficient is now almost 0.5. This paper evaluates the degree of income inequality from the perspectives of people's subjective well-being and government concerns. It poses the following question: has income inequality peaked? It also discusses the policy implications of the analysis. The concluding comments of this paper propose a research agenda and suggest possible lessons from China's experience that may be useful for other developing countries. 2013-09-26T14:19:26Z 2013-09-26T14:19:26Z 2013-06 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/06/17857325/inequality-china-overview http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15843 English Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6482 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research East Asia and Pacific China
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE POVERTY LINE ACCOUNTABILITY AGGREGATION BIAS ASSET INEQUALITY CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL GAINS CONDITIONAL CONVERGENCE DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DIFFERENCES IN INCOME DISPOSABLE INCOME ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC REFORM ECONOMIC REFORMS ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMIC THEORY EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FACTOR INCOME FARM INCOMES FARMERS FARMLAND FINANCIAL CRISIS GDP GINI COEFFICIENT GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSING SUBSIDIES HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME DISPARITIES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GAP INCOME GROUPS INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INCOME POVERTY INCOME TRANSFERS INCREASED INEQUALITY INCREASING INCOME INEQUALITY INEQUALITY INEQUALITY DECREASE INEQUALITY REDUCTION INSURANCE LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR SHORTAGE LABOUR LABOUR MARKET LAND OWNERSHIP MEAN INCOME MEASURING INEQUALITY MIGRANT LABOR MINIMUM INCOME MINIMUM WAGES NEGATIVE COEFFICIENT NEGATIVE EFFECT PENSIONS PER CAPITA GROWTH PERSONAL INCOME POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MEASURES POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR RURAL AREAS POPULATION DATA POSITIVE COEFFICIENT POSITIVE EFFECT POVERTY LINE POWER PARITY PROFIT SHARING PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC ECONOMICS PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC TRANSFERS QUESTIONNAIRES RAPID GROWTH REAL INCOME REDISTRIBUTIVE POLICY REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGIONAL LEVEL REGRESSION ANALYSES RELATIVE CONCEPT RELATIVE DEMAND RELATIVE INCOME RELATIVE POVERTY RENTS RISING INCOME INEQUALITY RISING INEQUALITY RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL DWELLERS RURAL HEALTH RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL INCOME RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT RURAL LABOR RURAL POLICIES RURAL POVERTY RURAL RESIDENCE SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL DISORDER SOCIAL SECURITY TAXATION TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNSKILLED LABOR URBAN EMPLOYMENT URBAN WORKERS WAGE INEQUALITY WAGE STRUCTURE WAGES WELL-BEING WELLBEING WELLBEING subjective well-being social instability
spellingShingle	ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE POVERTY LINE ACCOUNTABILITY AGGREGATION BIAS ASSET INEQUALITY CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL GAINS CONDITIONAL CONVERGENCE DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DIFFERENCES IN INCOME DISPOSABLE INCOME ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC REFORM ECONOMIC REFORMS ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMIC THEORY EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FACTOR INCOME FARM INCOMES FARMERS FARMLAND FINANCIAL CRISIS GDP GINI COEFFICIENT GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSING SUBSIDIES HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME DISPARITIES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GAP INCOME GROUPS INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INCOME POVERTY INCOME TRANSFERS INCREASED INEQUALITY INCREASING INCOME INEQUALITY INEQUALITY INEQUALITY DECREASE INEQUALITY REDUCTION INSURANCE LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR SHORTAGE LABOUR LABOUR MARKET LAND OWNERSHIP MEAN INCOME MEASURING INEQUALITY MIGRANT LABOR MINIMUM INCOME MINIMUM WAGES NEGATIVE COEFFICIENT NEGATIVE EFFECT PENSIONS PER CAPITA GROWTH PERSONAL INCOME POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MEASURES POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR RURAL AREAS POPULATION DATA POSITIVE COEFFICIENT POSITIVE EFFECT POVERTY LINE POWER PARITY PROFIT SHARING PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC ECONOMICS PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC TRANSFERS QUESTIONNAIRES RAPID GROWTH REAL INCOME REDISTRIBUTIVE POLICY REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGIONAL LEVEL REGRESSION ANALYSES RELATIVE CONCEPT RELATIVE DEMAND RELATIVE INCOME RELATIVE POVERTY RENTS RISING INCOME INEQUALITY RISING INEQUALITY RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL DWELLERS RURAL HEALTH RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL INCOME RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT RURAL LABOR RURAL POLICIES RURAL POVERTY RURAL RESIDENCE SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL DISORDER SOCIAL SECURITY TAXATION TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNSKILLED LABOR URBAN EMPLOYMENT URBAN WORKERS WAGE INEQUALITY WAGE STRUCTURE WAGES WELL-BEING WELLBEING WELLBEING subjective well-being social instability Knight, John Inequality in China : An Overview
geographic_facet	East Asia and Pacific China
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6482
description	This paper provides an overview of research on income inequality in China over the period of economic reform. It presents the results of two main sources of evidence on income inequality and, assisted by various decompositions, explains the reasons income inequality has increased rapidly and the Gini coefficient is now almost 0.5. This paper evaluates the degree of income inequality from the perspectives of people's subjective well-being and government concerns. It poses the following question: has income inequality peaked? It also discusses the policy implications of the analysis. The concluding comments of this paper propose a research agenda and suggest possible lessons from China's experience that may be useful for other developing countries.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Knight, John
author_facet	Knight, John
author_sort	Knight, John
title	Inequality in China : An Overview
title_short	Inequality in China : An Overview
title_full	Inequality in China : An Overview
title_fullStr	Inequality in China : An Overview
title_full_unstemmed	Inequality in China : An Overview
title_sort	inequality in china : an overview
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2013
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/06/17857325/inequality-china-overview http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15843
_version_	1764431597877067776

Inequality in China : An Overview

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