Pacific Islands - Regional Economic Report : Embarking on a Global Voyage - Trade Liberalization and Complementary Reforms in the Pacific
This regional economic report, evaluates the strategy that the Pacific Island Countries (PICs) have chosen towards liberalizing their economies, and, analyzes as well the interaction of trade liberalization with complementary reforms in taxation, a...
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| Language: | English en_US |
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Washington, DC
2013
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/09/2004284/pacific-islands-regional-economic-report-embarking-global-voyage-trade-liberalization-complementary-reforms-pacific http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15362 |
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okr-10986-15362 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS TRADE LIBERALIZATION REFORM IMPLEMENTATION PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT TAX REFORMS PUBLIC SECTOR DIVESTMENT REFORM POLICY PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT FREE TRADE AREAS REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS COMPETITIVE EQUILIBRIUM TRADE STRUCTURE MARKET ACCESS POLICY FRAMEWORK TRADE FACILITATION ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION TRADE EXPANSION INTERNATIONAL TRADE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT LABOR MARKET POLICY CAPITAL MOBILIZATION REVENUE MEASURES SKILLED WORKERS PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION SOCIAL COSTS ADVERSE IMPACTS AGRICULTURE AUDITS BENEFICIAL TRADE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT COMPETITION POLICY COMPLETE INTEGRATION COMPLETE LIBERALIZATION CONSUMERS COUNTRY MARKETS CUSTOMS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DOMESTIC CONSUMERS DOMESTIC FIRMS DOMESTIC MARKETS ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC IMPACT ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENTS ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC RELATIONS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EXPANDING TRADE EXPLOITATION EXPORT INDUSTRIES EXPORTERS EXPORTS EXTERNAL TARIFFS EXTERNAL TRADE EXTERNAL TRADE BARRIERS FISHERIES FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FREE ACCESS FREE MOVEMENT OF LABOR FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS FREE TRADE AREAS FREER TRADE GDP GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBAL TRADE IMPORTING COUNTRY IMPORTS INCOME COUNTRIES INCOME SUPPORT PROGRAMS INTERNAL TARIFFS INTERNAL TRADE INTERNAL TRADE BARRIERS LABOR CONDITIONS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR MOBILITY LABOR MOVEMENT LEGISLATION LOCAL LABOR MARKET ACCESS MEMBER COUNTRIES MINIMUM WAGES MULTILATERAL INITIATIVES MULTILATERAL LIBERALIZATION NATIONAL INCOME OPEN TRADE PER CAPITA INCOMES POLICY MAKERS POLICY REFORMS PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION PREFERENTIAL REMOVAL PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AREA PREFERENTIAL TRADE ARRANGEMENT PREFERENTIAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION PREFERENTIAL TRADING PREFERENTIAL TRADING ARRANGEMENTS PRIVATE ENTITIES PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCERS PRODUCT MARKETS PRODUCT STANDARDS PRODUCTIVITY PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC SECTOR REDUCING TRADE BARRIERS REDUCTION IN TARIFFS REFORM PROGRAMS REGIONAL INTEGRATION REGIONAL MARKET REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENT REVENUE LOSS RULES OF ORIGIN SOCIAL COSTS TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF DIVERSION TARIFF RATES TARIFF REDUCTIONS TARIFF REVENUE TARIFF REVENUES TAX POLICIES TAX RATES TAX REFORM TAX REFORMS TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TAX SYSTEM TAX SYSTEMS TAXATION TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TECHNICAL STANDARDS TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TERMS OF TRADE TOURISM TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE DIVERSION TRADE EXPANSION TRADE FACILITATION TRADE FACILITATION MEASURES TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE MORE TRADE REFORM TRADE REGIME TRADE REGIMES TRADE RELATIONS TRADE TAXES TRADING BLOCS TRADING PARTNERS TRADING PATTERNS TRANSACTION COSTS UNEMPLOYMENT UNILATERAL EFFORTS VALUE ADDED WAGE RATE WELFARE GAINS WORLD ECONOMY WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO |
| spellingShingle |
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS TRADE LIBERALIZATION REFORM IMPLEMENTATION PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT TAX REFORMS PUBLIC SECTOR DIVESTMENT REFORM POLICY PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT FREE TRADE AREAS REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS COMPETITIVE EQUILIBRIUM TRADE STRUCTURE MARKET ACCESS POLICY FRAMEWORK TRADE FACILITATION ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION TRADE EXPANSION INTERNATIONAL TRADE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT LABOR MARKET POLICY CAPITAL MOBILIZATION REVENUE MEASURES SKILLED WORKERS PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION SOCIAL COSTS ADVERSE IMPACTS AGRICULTURE AUDITS BENEFICIAL TRADE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT COMPETITION POLICY COMPLETE INTEGRATION COMPLETE LIBERALIZATION CONSUMERS COUNTRY MARKETS CUSTOMS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DOMESTIC CONSUMERS DOMESTIC FIRMS DOMESTIC MARKETS ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC IMPACT ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENTS ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC RELATIONS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EXPANDING TRADE EXPLOITATION EXPORT INDUSTRIES EXPORTERS EXPORTS EXTERNAL TARIFFS EXTERNAL TRADE EXTERNAL TRADE BARRIERS FISHERIES FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FREE ACCESS FREE MOVEMENT OF LABOR FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS FREE TRADE AREAS FREER TRADE GDP GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBAL TRADE IMPORTING COUNTRY IMPORTS INCOME COUNTRIES INCOME SUPPORT PROGRAMS INTERNAL TARIFFS INTERNAL TRADE INTERNAL TRADE BARRIERS LABOR CONDITIONS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR MOBILITY LABOR MOVEMENT LEGISLATION LOCAL LABOR MARKET ACCESS MEMBER COUNTRIES MINIMUM WAGES MULTILATERAL INITIATIVES MULTILATERAL LIBERALIZATION NATIONAL INCOME OPEN TRADE PER CAPITA INCOMES POLICY MAKERS POLICY REFORMS PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION PREFERENTIAL REMOVAL PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AREA PREFERENTIAL TRADE ARRANGEMENT PREFERENTIAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION PREFERENTIAL TRADING PREFERENTIAL TRADING ARRANGEMENTS PRIVATE ENTITIES PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCERS PRODUCT MARKETS PRODUCT STANDARDS PRODUCTIVITY PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC SECTOR REDUCING TRADE BARRIERS REDUCTION IN TARIFFS REFORM PROGRAMS REGIONAL INTEGRATION REGIONAL MARKET REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENT REVENUE LOSS RULES OF ORIGIN SOCIAL COSTS TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF DIVERSION TARIFF RATES TARIFF REDUCTIONS TARIFF REVENUE TARIFF REVENUES TAX POLICIES TAX RATES TAX REFORM TAX REFORMS TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TAX SYSTEM TAX SYSTEMS TAXATION TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TECHNICAL STANDARDS TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TERMS OF TRADE TOURISM TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE DIVERSION TRADE EXPANSION TRADE FACILITATION TRADE FACILITATION MEASURES TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE MORE TRADE REFORM TRADE REGIME TRADE REGIMES TRADE RELATIONS TRADE TAXES TRADING BLOCS TRADING PARTNERS TRADING PATTERNS TRANSACTION COSTS UNEMPLOYMENT UNILATERAL EFFORTS VALUE ADDED WAGE RATE WELFARE GAINS WORLD ECONOMY WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO World Bank Pacific Islands - Regional Economic Report : Embarking on a Global Voyage - Trade Liberalization and Complementary Reforms in the Pacific |
| geographic_facet |
East Asia and Pacific |
| description |
This regional economic report, evaluates
the strategy that the Pacific Island Countries (PICs) have
chosen towards liberalizing their economies, and, analyzes
as well the interaction of trade liberalization with
complementary reforms in taxation, and the public sector. As
a consequence of multilateral and unilateral efforts towards
freer trade worldwide, preferential access granted to PICs
in developed country markets, is being eroded. In
particular, the report looks at the Pacific Island Countries
Trade Agreement (PICTA), viewed as a "stepping
stone" to become more competitive in global markets. It
is important to note that the formation of a preferential
trade area, as opposed to multilateral or unilateral
liberalization, is perceived as trade liberalization, but in
a gradual process, to limit disruptions, and adjustments to
their economies. However, in order for this "stepping
stone" not to become a "stumbling block," the
liberalization strategy needs to be actively pursued,
through sound policy framework, and trade facilitation.
Furthermore, the small un-diversified economies of, and very
little trade among PICs suggests very small benefits from
PICTA; yet, trade diversion which favors the more
industrially advanced members is likely to develop.
Nonetheless, the formulation of a free trade agreement
between the PICs, and Australia and New Zealand,
negotiations over reciprocal free trade agreements with the
European Union in 2002 as envisaged, and provision of a free
trade association by some PICs with the United States,
inevitably will require the widening of preferential trading
arrangements beyond PICTA, though the timing is uncertain.
It is suggested that the pace and composition of reforms -
in particular, more complete trade liberalization, and
public sector reform - will need to be calibrated to the
progress on efforts to enhance the business environment, and
increase labor, and capital mobility. |
| author |
World Bank |
| author_facet |
World Bank |
| author_sort |
World Bank |
| title |
Pacific Islands - Regional Economic Report : Embarking on a Global Voyage - Trade Liberalization and Complementary Reforms in the Pacific |
| title_short |
Pacific Islands - Regional Economic Report : Embarking on a Global Voyage - Trade Liberalization and Complementary Reforms in the Pacific |
| title_full |
Pacific Islands - Regional Economic Report : Embarking on a Global Voyage - Trade Liberalization and Complementary Reforms in the Pacific |
| title_fullStr |
Pacific Islands - Regional Economic Report : Embarking on a Global Voyage - Trade Liberalization and Complementary Reforms in the Pacific |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Pacific Islands - Regional Economic Report : Embarking on a Global Voyage - Trade Liberalization and Complementary Reforms in the Pacific |
| title_sort |
pacific islands - regional economic report : embarking on a global voyage - trade liberalization and complementary reforms in the pacific |
| publisher |
Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/09/2004284/pacific-islands-regional-economic-report-embarking-global-voyage-trade-liberalization-complementary-reforms-pacific http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15362 |
| _version_ |
1764427053596147712 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-153622021-04-23T14:03:14Z Pacific Islands - Regional Economic Report : Embarking on a Global Voyage - Trade Liberalization and Complementary Reforms in the Pacific World Bank ECONOMIC ANALYSIS TRADE LIBERALIZATION REFORM IMPLEMENTATION PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT TAX REFORMS PUBLIC SECTOR DIVESTMENT REFORM POLICY PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT FREE TRADE AREAS REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS COMPETITIVE EQUILIBRIUM TRADE STRUCTURE MARKET ACCESS POLICY FRAMEWORK TRADE FACILITATION ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION TRADE EXPANSION INTERNATIONAL TRADE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT LABOR MARKET POLICY CAPITAL MOBILIZATION REVENUE MEASURES SKILLED WORKERS PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION SOCIAL COSTS ADVERSE IMPACTS AGRICULTURE AUDITS BENEFICIAL TRADE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT COMPETITION POLICY COMPLETE INTEGRATION COMPLETE LIBERALIZATION CONSUMERS COUNTRY MARKETS CUSTOMS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DOMESTIC CONSUMERS DOMESTIC FIRMS DOMESTIC MARKETS ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC IMPACT ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENTS ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC RELATIONS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EXPANDING TRADE EXPLOITATION EXPORT INDUSTRIES EXPORTERS EXPORTS EXTERNAL TARIFFS EXTERNAL TRADE EXTERNAL TRADE BARRIERS FISHERIES FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FREE ACCESS FREE MOVEMENT OF LABOR FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS FREE TRADE AREAS FREER TRADE GDP GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBAL TRADE IMPORTING COUNTRY IMPORTS INCOME COUNTRIES INCOME SUPPORT PROGRAMS INTERNAL TARIFFS INTERNAL TRADE INTERNAL TRADE BARRIERS LABOR CONDITIONS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR MOBILITY LABOR MOVEMENT LEGISLATION LOCAL LABOR MARKET ACCESS MEMBER COUNTRIES MINIMUM WAGES MULTILATERAL INITIATIVES MULTILATERAL LIBERALIZATION NATIONAL INCOME OPEN TRADE PER CAPITA INCOMES POLICY MAKERS POLICY REFORMS PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION PREFERENTIAL REMOVAL PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AREA PREFERENTIAL TRADE ARRANGEMENT PREFERENTIAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION PREFERENTIAL TRADING PREFERENTIAL TRADING ARRANGEMENTS PRIVATE ENTITIES PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCERS PRODUCT MARKETS PRODUCT STANDARDS PRODUCTIVITY PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC SECTOR REDUCING TRADE BARRIERS REDUCTION IN TARIFFS REFORM PROGRAMS REGIONAL INTEGRATION REGIONAL MARKET REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENT REVENUE LOSS RULES OF ORIGIN SOCIAL COSTS TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF DIVERSION TARIFF RATES TARIFF REDUCTIONS TARIFF REVENUE TARIFF REVENUES TAX POLICIES TAX RATES TAX REFORM TAX REFORMS TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TAX SYSTEM TAX SYSTEMS TAXATION TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TECHNICAL STANDARDS TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TERMS OF TRADE TOURISM TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE DIVERSION TRADE EXPANSION TRADE FACILITATION TRADE FACILITATION MEASURES TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE MORE TRADE REFORM TRADE REGIME TRADE REGIMES TRADE RELATIONS TRADE TAXES TRADING BLOCS TRADING PARTNERS TRADING PATTERNS TRANSACTION COSTS UNEMPLOYMENT UNILATERAL EFFORTS VALUE ADDED WAGE RATE WELFARE GAINS WORLD ECONOMY WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO This regional economic report, evaluates the strategy that the Pacific Island Countries (PICs) have chosen towards liberalizing their economies, and, analyzes as well the interaction of trade liberalization with complementary reforms in taxation, and the public sector. As a consequence of multilateral and unilateral efforts towards freer trade worldwide, preferential access granted to PICs in developed country markets, is being eroded. In particular, the report looks at the Pacific Island Countries Trade Agreement (PICTA), viewed as a "stepping stone" to become more competitive in global markets. It is important to note that the formation of a preferential trade area, as opposed to multilateral or unilateral liberalization, is perceived as trade liberalization, but in a gradual process, to limit disruptions, and adjustments to their economies. However, in order for this "stepping stone" not to become a "stumbling block," the liberalization strategy needs to be actively pursued, through sound policy framework, and trade facilitation. Furthermore, the small un-diversified economies of, and very little trade among PICs suggests very small benefits from PICTA; yet, trade diversion which favors the more industrially advanced members is likely to develop. Nonetheless, the formulation of a free trade agreement between the PICs, and Australia and New Zealand, negotiations over reciprocal free trade agreements with the European Union in 2002 as envisaged, and provision of a free trade association by some PICs with the United States, inevitably will require the widening of preferential trading arrangements beyond PICTA, though the timing is uncertain. It is suggested that the pace and composition of reforms - in particular, more complete trade liberalization, and public sector reform - will need to be calibrated to the progress on efforts to enhance the business environment, and increase labor, and capital mobility. 2013-08-26T22:12:01Z 2013-08-26T22:12:01Z 2002-09-10 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/09/2004284/pacific-islands-regional-economic-report-embarking-global-voyage-trade-liberalization-complementary-reforms-pacific http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15362 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Washington, DC East Asia and Pacific |