Tax Expenditures--Shedding Light on Government Spending through the Tax System : Lessons from Developed and Transition Economies

Recently developing countries have focused attention on the usefulness of tax expenditures' in shaping prudent and transparent fiscal policy. In adopting a market economy, developing countries commonly use tax expenditures as major fiscal poli...

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Main Authors:	Polackova Brixi, Hana, Valenduc, Christian M.A., Swift, Zhicheng Li
Format:	Publication
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC: World Bank 2013
Subjects:	TAX EXPENDITURES TAX SYSTEMS GOVERNMENT SPENDING LIABILITIES METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES EVALUATION ACTIVITIES CASH BUDGETS ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING TAX POLICIES BENCHMARK ASSESSMENT REVENUE ESTIMATING ECONOMIC COSTS PERSONAL INCOME TAXES BUDGET ADMINISTRATION TAXES & TAXATION REFORM PROCESS ACCOUNT ACCOUNTING ACCOUNTING PRACTICES ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY BUDGET PROCESS BUDGET SYSTEMS BUDGETARY EXPENDITURES BUDGETARY PROCESS BUDGETING CAPITAL GAINS CASH BENEFITS CORPORATE INCOME TAX COST COST ESTIMATES COSTBENEFIT COSTBENEFIT ANALYSIS DEBT DECISION- MAKING DEPRECIATION DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ECONOMIC EFFECTS ECONOMIC GROWTH EFFICIENCY EMPIRICAL INFORMATION EMPLOYMENT EQUILIBRIUM EXPENDITURE ANALYSIS EXPENDITURES FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FINANCIAL SUPPORT FISCAL FISCAL COSTS FISCAL MANAGEMENT FISCAL POLICIES FISCAL POLICY FISCAL TRANSPARENCY FOREIGN INVESTMENT GOOD PRACTICES GOVERNMENT AGENCIES GOVERNMENT DECISION GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS GOVERNMENT POLICIES GOVERNMENT POLICY GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HOUSING INCOME INSURANCE LABOR MARKET LEGAL REQUIREMENTS LEGISLATURE LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT LICENSES MINISTRY OF FINANCE NATIONAL ACCOUNTS NATIONAL INCOME POLICY INSTRUMENTS PRESENT VALUE PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION PROVISIONS PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC FINANCE PUBLIC SPENDING REPORTING REPORTING SYSTEMS RESOURCE ALLOCATION SAVINGS SIZE OF GOVERNMENT SOCIAL EXPENDITURE SOCIAL PROGRAMS SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL TRANSFERS SUBSTITUTES TAX TAX ADMINISTRATION TAX BURDEN TAX BURDENS TAX CREDITS TAX EXEMPTIONS TAX INCENTIVES TAX LAWS TAX POLICY TAX RATE TAX RATES TAX REFORMS TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TAX SYSTEM TAXATION TRANSPARENCY TREASURY UNEMPLOYMENT
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/11/2854177/tax-expenditures-shedding-light-government-spending-through-tax-system-lessons-developed-transition-economies http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15067

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recordtype	oai_dc
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	TAX EXPENDITURES TAX SYSTEMS GOVERNMENT SPENDING LIABILITIES METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES EVALUATION ACTIVITIES CASH BUDGETS ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING TAX POLICIES BENCHMARK ASSESSMENT REVENUE ESTIMATING ECONOMIC COSTS PERSONAL INCOME TAXES BUDGET ADMINISTRATION TAXES & TAXATION REFORM PROCESS ACCOUNT ACCOUNTING ACCOUNTING PRACTICES ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY BUDGET PROCESS BUDGET SYSTEMS BUDGETARY EXPENDITURES BUDGETARY PROCESS BUDGETING CAPITAL GAINS CASH BENEFITS CORPORATE INCOME TAX COST COST ESTIMATES COSTBENEFIT COSTBENEFIT ANALYSIS DEBT DECISION- MAKING DEPRECIATION DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ECONOMIC EFFECTS ECONOMIC GROWTH EFFICIENCY EMPIRICAL INFORMATION EMPLOYMENT EQUILIBRIUM EXPENDITURE ANALYSIS EXPENDITURES FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FINANCIAL SUPPORT FISCAL FISCAL COSTS FISCAL MANAGEMENT FISCAL POLICIES FISCAL POLICY FISCAL TRANSPARENCY FOREIGN INVESTMENT GOOD PRACTICES GOVERNMENT AGENCIES GOVERNMENT DECISION GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS GOVERNMENT POLICIES GOVERNMENT POLICY GOVERNMENT SPENDING GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HOUSING INCOME INSURANCE LABOR MARKET LEGAL REQUIREMENTS LEGISLATURE LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT LICENSES MINISTRY OF FINANCE NATIONAL ACCOUNTS NATIONAL INCOME POLICY INSTRUMENTS PRESENT VALUE PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION PROVISIONS PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC FINANCE PUBLIC SPENDING REPORTING REPORTING SYSTEMS RESOURCE ALLOCATION SAVINGS SIZE OF GOVERNMENT SOCIAL EXPENDITURE SOCIAL PROGRAMS SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL TRANSFERS SUBSTITUTES TAX TAX ADMINISTRATION TAX BURDEN TAX BURDENS TAX CREDITS TAX EXEMPTIONS TAX INCENTIVES TAX LAWS TAX POLICY TAX RATE TAX RATES TAX REFORMS TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TAX SYSTEM TAX SYSTEMS TAXATION TRANSPARENCY TREASURY UNEMPLOYMENT
spellingShingle	TAX EXPENDITURES TAX SYSTEMS GOVERNMENT SPENDING LIABILITIES METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES EVALUATION ACTIVITIES CASH BUDGETS ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING TAX POLICIES BENCHMARK ASSESSMENT REVENUE ESTIMATING ECONOMIC COSTS PERSONAL INCOME TAXES BUDGET ADMINISTRATION TAXES & TAXATION REFORM PROCESS ACCOUNT ACCOUNTING ACCOUNTING PRACTICES ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY BUDGET PROCESS BUDGET SYSTEMS BUDGETARY EXPENDITURES BUDGETARY PROCESS BUDGETING CAPITAL GAINS CASH BENEFITS CORPORATE INCOME TAX COST COST ESTIMATES COSTBENEFIT COSTBENEFIT ANALYSIS DEBT DECISION- MAKING DEPRECIATION DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ECONOMIC EFFECTS ECONOMIC GROWTH EFFICIENCY EMPIRICAL INFORMATION EMPLOYMENT EQUILIBRIUM EXPENDITURE ANALYSIS EXPENDITURES FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FINANCIAL SUPPORT FISCAL FISCAL COSTS FISCAL MANAGEMENT FISCAL POLICIES FISCAL POLICY FISCAL TRANSPARENCY FOREIGN INVESTMENT GOOD PRACTICES GOVERNMENT AGENCIES GOVERNMENT DECISION GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS GOVERNMENT POLICIES GOVERNMENT POLICY GOVERNMENT SPENDING GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HOUSING INCOME INSURANCE LABOR MARKET LEGAL REQUIREMENTS LEGISLATURE LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT LICENSES MINISTRY OF FINANCE NATIONAL ACCOUNTS NATIONAL INCOME POLICY INSTRUMENTS PRESENT VALUE PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION PROVISIONS PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC FINANCE PUBLIC SPENDING REPORTING REPORTING SYSTEMS RESOURCE ALLOCATION SAVINGS SIZE OF GOVERNMENT SOCIAL EXPENDITURE SOCIAL PROGRAMS SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL TRANSFERS SUBSTITUTES TAX TAX ADMINISTRATION TAX BURDEN TAX BURDENS TAX CREDITS TAX EXEMPTIONS TAX INCENTIVES TAX LAWS TAX POLICY TAX RATE TAX RATES TAX REFORMS TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TAX SYSTEM TAX SYSTEMS TAXATION TRANSPARENCY TREASURY UNEMPLOYMENT Polackova Brixi, Hana Valenduc, Christian M.A. Swift, Zhicheng Li Tax Expenditures--Shedding Light on Government Spending through the Tax System : Lessons from Developed and Transition Economies
description	Recently developing countries have focused attention on the usefulness of tax expenditures' in shaping prudent and transparent fiscal policy. In adopting a market economy, developing countries commonly use tax expenditures as major fiscal policy instruments. However, with limited theoretical understanding of, and ad hoc experience with, applying tax expenditures, developing countries now confront not only revenue losses higher than they had anticipated but also the erosion of their tax bases in systems that generally have been in existence fewer than 10 years. Fortunately, the experience and practice of developed countries offer insights into understanding and applying tax expenditures. Most developed countries have established tax reporting systems, which provide empirical information on their tax expenditures. Such tax reporting systems tend to be part of a country's overall fiscal system for strengthening government finance and contribute significantly to fiscal transparency. Using the information available, several governments attempt to analyze the cost and economic effects of individual tax expenditures. Some governments even bring tax expenditures into the budgetary process and subject them to a level of scrutiny similar to that for direct expenditures. This book contains several papers on how both developed and transition economies define and apply tax expenditure systems. The developed countries-Australia, Belgium, Canada, the Netherlands, and the United States-have established tax expenditure accounting and, in varying degress, brought tax expenditures into budgetary process. The experience of China and Poland shed light on why it is important for developing and transition economies to ensure fiscal transparency and to perform systematic fiscal analysis when implementing tax expenditures, as well as how to address these issues in relatively new tax systems.
author2	Polackova Brixi, Hana
author_facet	Polackova Brixi, Hana Polackova Brixi, Hana Valenduc, Christian M.A. Swift, Zhicheng Li
format	Publications & Research :: Publication
author	Polackova Brixi, Hana Valenduc, Christian M.A. Swift, Zhicheng Li
author_sort	Polackova Brixi, Hana
title	Tax Expenditures--Shedding Light on Government Spending through the Tax System : Lessons from Developed and Transition Economies
title_short	Tax Expenditures--Shedding Light on Government Spending through the Tax System : Lessons from Developed and Transition Economies
title_full	Tax Expenditures--Shedding Light on Government Spending through the Tax System : Lessons from Developed and Transition Economies
title_fullStr	Tax Expenditures--Shedding Light on Government Spending through the Tax System : Lessons from Developed and Transition Economies
title_full_unstemmed	Tax Expenditures--Shedding Light on Government Spending through the Tax System : Lessons from Developed and Transition Economies
title_sort	tax expenditures--shedding light on government spending through the tax system : lessons from developed and transition economies
publisher	Washington, DC: World Bank
publishDate	2013
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/11/2854177/tax-expenditures-shedding-light-government-spending-through-tax-system-lessons-developed-transition-economies http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15067
_version_	1764425832259911680
spelling	okr-10986-150672021-04-23T14:03:12Z Tax Expenditures--Shedding Light on Government Spending through the Tax System : Lessons from Developed and Transition Economies Polackova Brixi, Hana Valenduc, Christian M.A. Swift, Zhicheng Li Polackova Brixi, Hana Valenduc, Christian M.A. Swift, Zhicheng Li TAX EXPENDITURES TAX SYSTEMS GOVERNMENT SPENDING LIABILITIES METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES EVALUATION ACTIVITIES CASH BUDGETS ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING TAX POLICIES BENCHMARK ASSESSMENT REVENUE ESTIMATING ECONOMIC COSTS PERSONAL INCOME TAXES BUDGET ADMINISTRATION TAXES & TAXATION REFORM PROCESS ACCOUNT ACCOUNTING ACCOUNTING PRACTICES ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY BUDGET PROCESS BUDGET SYSTEMS BUDGETARY EXPENDITURES BUDGETARY PROCESS BUDGETING CAPITAL GAINS CASH BENEFITS CORPORATE INCOME TAX COST COST ESTIMATES COSTBENEFIT COSTBENEFIT ANALYSIS DEBT DECISION- MAKING DEPRECIATION DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ECONOMIC EFFECTS ECONOMIC GROWTH EFFICIENCY EMPIRICAL INFORMATION EMPLOYMENT EQUILIBRIUM EXPENDITURE ANALYSIS EXPENDITURES FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FINANCIAL SUPPORT FISCAL FISCAL COSTS FISCAL MANAGEMENT FISCAL POLICIES FISCAL POLICY FISCAL TRANSPARENCY FOREIGN INVESTMENT GOOD PRACTICES GOVERNMENT AGENCIES GOVERNMENT DECISION GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS GOVERNMENT POLICIES GOVERNMENT POLICY GOVERNMENT SPENDING GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HOUSING INCOME INSURANCE LABOR MARKET LEGAL REQUIREMENTS LEGISLATURE LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT LICENSES MINISTRY OF FINANCE NATIONAL ACCOUNTS NATIONAL INCOME POLICY INSTRUMENTS PRESENT VALUE PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION PROVISIONS PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC FINANCE PUBLIC SPENDING REPORTING REPORTING SYSTEMS RESOURCE ALLOCATION SAVINGS SIZE OF GOVERNMENT SOCIAL EXPENDITURE SOCIAL PROGRAMS SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL TRANSFERS SUBSTITUTES TAX TAX ADMINISTRATION TAX BURDEN TAX BURDENS TAX CREDITS TAX EXEMPTIONS TAX INCENTIVES TAX LAWS TAX POLICY TAX RATE TAX RATES TAX REFORMS TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TAX SYSTEM TAX SYSTEMS TAXATION TRANSPARENCY TREASURY UNEMPLOYMENT Recently developing countries have focused attention on the usefulness of tax expenditures' in shaping prudent and transparent fiscal policy. In adopting a market economy, developing countries commonly use tax expenditures as major fiscal policy instruments. However, with limited theoretical understanding of, and ad hoc experience with, applying tax expenditures, developing countries now confront not only revenue losses higher than they had anticipated but also the erosion of their tax bases in systems that generally have been in existence fewer than 10 years. Fortunately, the experience and practice of developed countries offer insights into understanding and applying tax expenditures. Most developed countries have established tax reporting systems, which provide empirical information on their tax expenditures. Such tax reporting systems tend to be part of a country's overall fiscal system for strengthening government finance and contribute significantly to fiscal transparency. Using the information available, several governments attempt to analyze the cost and economic effects of individual tax expenditures. Some governments even bring tax expenditures into the budgetary process and subject them to a level of scrutiny similar to that for direct expenditures. This book contains several papers on how both developed and transition economies define and apply tax expenditure systems. The developed countries-Australia, Belgium, Canada, the Netherlands, and the United States-have established tax expenditure accounting and, in varying degress, brought tax expenditures into budgetary process. The experience of China and Poland shed light on why it is important for developing and transition economies to ensure fiscal transparency and to perform systematic fiscal analysis when implementing tax expenditures, as well as how to address these issues in relatively new tax systems. 2013-08-14T18:40:42Z 2013-08-14T18:40:42Z 2004 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/11/2854177/tax-expenditures-shedding-light-government-spending-through-tax-system-lessons-developed-transition-economies 0-8213-5601-1 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15067 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank Washington, DC: World Bank Publications & Research :: Publication Publications & Research :: Publication

Tax Expenditures--Shedding Light on Government Spending through the Tax System : Lessons from Developed and Transition Economies

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