Inequality in Latin America : Breaking with History?

With the exception of Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean has been one of the regions of the world with the greatest inequality. This report explores why the region suffers from such persistent inequality, identifies how it hampers...

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Main Authors:	De Ferranti, David, Perry, Guillermo E., Ferreira, Francisco H.G., Walton, Michael
Format:	Publication
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC: World Bank 2013
Subjects:	INEQUALITY INEQUALITY REDUCTION INCOME DISTRIBUTION WEALTH INEQUALITIES INCOME INEQUALITIES EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY DATA POLITICAL ACCOUNTABILITY SOCIAL INEQUALITY SOCIAL INEQUITY SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT SOCIAL EXCLUSION SOCIAL INCLUSION MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT DISPUTE RESOLUTION CONFLICT MANAGEMENT FAIRNESS & IMPARTIALITY ACCESS TO COURTS ACCESS TO CREDIT ACCESS TO DRINKING WATER ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCESS TO ENERGY ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACCESS TO JUDICIAL SYSTEMS ACCESS TO JUSTICE ACCESS TO LAND ACCESS TO PRIMARY EDUCATION ACCESS TO PRIMARY HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER ACCESS TO SECONDARY EDUCATION ACCESS TO WATER SOURCES PROPERTY RIGHTS INCOME TRANSFER PROGRAMS REGRESSIVE TRANSFERS REDISTRIBUTION REDRESS OF GRIEVANCES SOCIAL SAFETY NETS ACCESS TO SERVICES ACCOUNTABILITY AGGREGATE INCOME CASH TRANSFERS CITIZENS CONCENTRATION COEFFICIENTS CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK COUNTRIES MUST CRIME CRISES CRONY CRONY BIAS CROSS-COUNTRY REGRESSION DATA SETS DEMOCRACY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT OUTCOMES DIFFERENCES IN INCOME DISTRIBUTIONAL CONFLICTS DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACT ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC MECHANISMS ECONOMISTS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELASTICITIES ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF POVERTY EQUAL COUNTRIES FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FOOD POLICY RESEARCH GDP GINI COEFFICIENT GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GROUP INEQUALITY HIGH INEQUALITY HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RIGHTS INCOME INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME DISTRIBUTIONS INCOME ELASTICITY INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME QUINTILES INCOME REDISTRIBUTION INCOME SHARES INCOME TRANSFERS INEQUALITY MEASURES INSURANCE INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES LABOR FORCE LABOR INCOME LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET POLICIES LABOR MARKETS LAND INEQUALITY LAND OWNERSHIP LAND USE LITERACY RATES MACROECONOMIC POLICY MEAN INCOME MEAN INCOMES MEASURING INEQUALITY MORTALITY RATES NATURAL RESOURCES NET INCOME PENSIONS PER CAPITA INCOME PERSONAL INCOME PERSONAL INCOME TAXES POLICY REFORMS POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL EQUILIBRIUM POLITICAL FINANCING POLITICAL INFLUENCE POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS POLITICAL LEADERSHIP POOR POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY REDUCTION PRICE CHANGES PRIMARY EDUCATION PROGRAMS PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC EXPENDITURES PUBLIC OFFICIALS PUBLIC SPENDING PUBLIC TRANSFERS REAL PER CAPITA INCOME RULE OF LAW SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SOCIAL ACTION SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL CHANGE SOCIAL CONDITIONS SOCIAL FUNDS SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SPENDING SUBNATIONAL LEVELS TARGETING TAX COMPLIANCE TAX RATES TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TAXATION UNEMPLOYMENT UNEQUAL ACCESS WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGES WELL-BEING YOUTH
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/04/4416993/inequality-latin-america-breaking-history http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15009

id	okr-10986-15009
recordtype	oai_dc
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	INEQUALITY INEQUALITY REDUCTION INCOME DISTRIBUTION WEALTH INEQUALITIES INCOME INEQUALITIES EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY DATA POLITICAL ACCOUNTABILITY SOCIAL INEQUALITY SOCIAL INEQUITY SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT SOCIAL EXCLUSION SOCIAL INCLUSION MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT DISPUTE RESOLUTION CONFLICT MANAGEMENT FAIRNESS & IMPARTIALITY ACCESS TO COURTS ACCESS TO CREDIT ACCESS TO DRINKING WATER ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCESS TO ENERGY ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACCESS TO JUDICIAL SYSTEMS ACCESS TO JUSTICE ACCESS TO LAND ACCESS TO PRIMARY EDUCATION ACCESS TO PRIMARY HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER ACCESS TO SECONDARY EDUCATION ACCESS TO WATER SOURCES PROPERTY RIGHTS INCOME TRANSFER PROGRAMS REGRESSIVE TRANSFERS REDISTRIBUTION REDRESS OF GRIEVANCES SOCIAL SAFETY NETS ACCESS TO SERVICES ACCOUNTABILITY AGGREGATE INCOME CASH TRANSFERS CITIZENS CONCENTRATION COEFFICIENTS CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK COUNTRIES MUST CRIME CRISES CRONY CRONY BIAS CROSS-COUNTRY REGRESSION DATA SETS DEMOCRACY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT OUTCOMES DIFFERENCES IN INCOME DISTRIBUTIONAL CONFLICTS DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACT ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC MECHANISMS ECONOMISTS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELASTICITIES ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF POVERTY EQUAL COUNTRIES FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FOOD POLICY RESEARCH GDP GINI COEFFICIENT GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GROUP INEQUALITY HIGH INEQUALITY HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RIGHTS INCOME INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME DISTRIBUTIONS INCOME ELASTICITY INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME QUINTILES INCOME REDISTRIBUTION INCOME SHARES INCOME TRANSFERS INEQUALITY INEQUALITY MEASURES INSURANCE INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES LABOR FORCE LABOR INCOME LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET POLICIES LABOR MARKETS LAND INEQUALITY LAND OWNERSHIP LAND USE LITERACY RATES MACROECONOMIC POLICY MEAN INCOME MEAN INCOMES MEASURING INEQUALITY MORTALITY RATES NATURAL RESOURCES NET INCOME PENSIONS PER CAPITA INCOME PERSONAL INCOME PERSONAL INCOME TAXES POLICY REFORMS POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL EQUILIBRIUM POLITICAL FINANCING POLITICAL INFLUENCE POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS POLITICAL LEADERSHIP POOR POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY REDUCTION PRICE CHANGES PRIMARY EDUCATION PROGRAMS PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC EXPENDITURES PUBLIC OFFICIALS PUBLIC SPENDING PUBLIC TRANSFERS REAL PER CAPITA INCOME RULE OF LAW SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SOCIAL ACTION SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL CHANGE SOCIAL CONDITIONS SOCIAL FUNDS SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SPENDING SUBNATIONAL LEVELS TARGETING TAX COMPLIANCE TAX RATES TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TAXATION UNEMPLOYMENT UNEQUAL ACCESS WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGES WELL-BEING YOUTH
spellingShingle	INEQUALITY INEQUALITY REDUCTION INCOME DISTRIBUTION WEALTH INEQUALITIES INCOME INEQUALITIES EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY DATA POLITICAL ACCOUNTABILITY SOCIAL INEQUALITY SOCIAL INEQUITY SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT SOCIAL EXCLUSION SOCIAL INCLUSION MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT DISPUTE RESOLUTION CONFLICT MANAGEMENT FAIRNESS & IMPARTIALITY ACCESS TO COURTS ACCESS TO CREDIT ACCESS TO DRINKING WATER ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCESS TO ENERGY ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACCESS TO JUDICIAL SYSTEMS ACCESS TO JUSTICE ACCESS TO LAND ACCESS TO PRIMARY EDUCATION ACCESS TO PRIMARY HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER ACCESS TO SECONDARY EDUCATION ACCESS TO WATER SOURCES PROPERTY RIGHTS INCOME TRANSFER PROGRAMS REGRESSIVE TRANSFERS REDISTRIBUTION REDRESS OF GRIEVANCES SOCIAL SAFETY NETS ACCESS TO SERVICES ACCOUNTABILITY AGGREGATE INCOME CASH TRANSFERS CITIZENS CONCENTRATION COEFFICIENTS CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK COUNTRIES MUST CRIME CRISES CRONY CRONY BIAS CROSS-COUNTRY REGRESSION DATA SETS DEMOCRACY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT OUTCOMES DIFFERENCES IN INCOME DISTRIBUTIONAL CONFLICTS DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACT ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC MECHANISMS ECONOMISTS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELASTICITIES ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF POVERTY EQUAL COUNTRIES FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FOOD POLICY RESEARCH GDP GINI COEFFICIENT GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GROUP INEQUALITY HIGH INEQUALITY HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RIGHTS INCOME INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME DISTRIBUTIONS INCOME ELASTICITY INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME QUINTILES INCOME REDISTRIBUTION INCOME SHARES INCOME TRANSFERS INEQUALITY INEQUALITY MEASURES INSURANCE INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES LABOR FORCE LABOR INCOME LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET POLICIES LABOR MARKETS LAND INEQUALITY LAND OWNERSHIP LAND USE LITERACY RATES MACROECONOMIC POLICY MEAN INCOME MEAN INCOMES MEASURING INEQUALITY MORTALITY RATES NATURAL RESOURCES NET INCOME PENSIONS PER CAPITA INCOME PERSONAL INCOME PERSONAL INCOME TAXES POLICY REFORMS POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL EQUILIBRIUM POLITICAL FINANCING POLITICAL INFLUENCE POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS POLITICAL LEADERSHIP POOR POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY REDUCTION PRICE CHANGES PRIMARY EDUCATION PROGRAMS PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC EXPENDITURES PUBLIC OFFICIALS PUBLIC SPENDING PUBLIC TRANSFERS REAL PER CAPITA INCOME RULE OF LAW SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SOCIAL ACTION SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL CHANGE SOCIAL CONDITIONS SOCIAL FUNDS SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SPENDING SUBNATIONAL LEVELS TARGETING TAX COMPLIANCE TAX RATES TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TAXATION UNEMPLOYMENT UNEQUAL ACCESS WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGES WELL-BEING YOUTH De Ferranti, David Perry, Guillermo E. Ferreira, Francisco H.G. Walton, Michael Inequality in Latin America : Breaking with History?
geographic_facet	Latin America & Caribbean
relation	World Bank Latin American and Caribbean Studies;
description	With the exception of Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean has been one of the regions of the world with the greatest inequality. This report explores why the region suffers from such persistent inequality, identifies how it hampers development, and suggests ways to achieve greater equity in the distribution of wealth, incomes and opportunities. The study draws on data from 20 countries based on household surveys covering 3.6 million people, and reviews extensive economic, sociological and political science studies on inequality in Latin America. To address the deep historical roots of inequality in Latin America, and the powerful contemporary economic, political and social mechanisms that sustain it, Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean outlines four broad areas for action by governments and civil society groups to break this destructive pattern: 1) Build more open political and social institutions, that allow the poor and historically subordinate groups to gain a greater share of agency, voice and power in society. 2) Ensure that economic institutions and policies seek greater equity, through sound macroeconomic management and equitable, efficient crisis resolution institutions, that avoid the large regressive redistributions that occur during crises, and that allow for saving in good times to enhance access by the poor to social safety nets in bad times. 3) Increase access by the poor to high-quality public services, especially education, health, water and electricity, as well as access to farmland and the rural services. Protect and enforce the property rights of the urban poor. 4) Reform income transfer programs so that they reach the poorest families.
format	Publications & Research :: Publication
author	De Ferranti, David Perry, Guillermo E. Ferreira, Francisco H.G. Walton, Michael
author_facet	De Ferranti, David Perry, Guillermo E. Ferreira, Francisco H.G. Walton, Michael
author_sort	De Ferranti, David
title	Inequality in Latin America : Breaking with History?
title_short	Inequality in Latin America : Breaking with History?
title_full	Inequality in Latin America : Breaking with History?
title_fullStr	Inequality in Latin America : Breaking with History?
title_full_unstemmed	Inequality in Latin America : Breaking with History?
title_sort	inequality in latin america : breaking with history?
publisher	Washington, DC: World Bank
publishDate	2013
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/04/4416993/inequality-latin-america-breaking-history http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15009
_version_	1764425953005535232
spelling	okr-10986-150092021-04-23T14:03:12Z Inequality in Latin America : Breaking with History? De Ferranti, David Perry, Guillermo E. Ferreira, Francisco H.G. Walton, Michael INEQUALITY INEQUALITY REDUCTION INCOME DISTRIBUTION WEALTH INEQUALITIES INCOME INEQUALITIES EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY DATA POLITICAL ACCOUNTABILITY SOCIAL INEQUALITY SOCIAL INEQUITY SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT SOCIAL EXCLUSION SOCIAL INCLUSION MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT DISPUTE RESOLUTION CONFLICT MANAGEMENT FAIRNESS & IMPARTIALITY ACCESS TO COURTS ACCESS TO CREDIT ACCESS TO DRINKING WATER ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCESS TO ENERGY ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACCESS TO JUDICIAL SYSTEMS ACCESS TO JUSTICE ACCESS TO LAND ACCESS TO PRIMARY EDUCATION ACCESS TO PRIMARY HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER ACCESS TO SECONDARY EDUCATION ACCESS TO WATER SOURCES PROPERTY RIGHTS INCOME TRANSFER PROGRAMS REGRESSIVE TRANSFERS REDISTRIBUTION REDRESS OF GRIEVANCES SOCIAL SAFETY NETS ACCESS TO SERVICES ACCOUNTABILITY AGGREGATE INCOME CASH TRANSFERS CITIZENS CONCENTRATION COEFFICIENTS CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK COUNTRIES MUST CRIME CRISES CRONY CRONY BIAS CROSS-COUNTRY REGRESSION DATA SETS DEMOCRACY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT OUTCOMES DIFFERENCES IN INCOME DISTRIBUTIONAL CONFLICTS DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACT ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC MECHANISMS ECONOMISTS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELASTICITIES ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF POVERTY EQUAL COUNTRIES FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FOOD POLICY RESEARCH GDP GINI COEFFICIENT GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GROUP INEQUALITY HIGH INEQUALITY HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RIGHTS INCOME INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME DISTRIBUTIONS INCOME ELASTICITY INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME QUINTILES INCOME REDISTRIBUTION INCOME SHARES INCOME TRANSFERS INEQUALITY INEQUALITY MEASURES INSURANCE INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES LABOR FORCE LABOR INCOME LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET POLICIES LABOR MARKETS LAND INEQUALITY LAND OWNERSHIP LAND USE LITERACY RATES MACROECONOMIC POLICY MEAN INCOME MEAN INCOMES MEASURING INEQUALITY MORTALITY RATES NATURAL RESOURCES NET INCOME PENSIONS PER CAPITA INCOME PERSONAL INCOME PERSONAL INCOME TAXES POLICY REFORMS POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL EQUILIBRIUM POLITICAL FINANCING POLITICAL INFLUENCE POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS POLITICAL LEADERSHIP POOR POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY REDUCTION PRICE CHANGES PRIMARY EDUCATION PROGRAMS PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC EXPENDITURES PUBLIC OFFICIALS PUBLIC SPENDING PUBLIC TRANSFERS REAL PER CAPITA INCOME RULE OF LAW SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SOCIAL ACTION SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL CHANGE SOCIAL CONDITIONS SOCIAL FUNDS SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SPENDING SUBNATIONAL LEVELS TARGETING TAX COMPLIANCE TAX RATES TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TAXATION UNEMPLOYMENT UNEQUAL ACCESS WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGES WELL-BEING YOUTH With the exception of Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean has been one of the regions of the world with the greatest inequality. This report explores why the region suffers from such persistent inequality, identifies how it hampers development, and suggests ways to achieve greater equity in the distribution of wealth, incomes and opportunities. The study draws on data from 20 countries based on household surveys covering 3.6 million people, and reviews extensive economic, sociological and political science studies on inequality in Latin America. To address the deep historical roots of inequality in Latin America, and the powerful contemporary economic, political and social mechanisms that sustain it, Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean outlines four broad areas for action by governments and civil society groups to break this destructive pattern: 1) Build more open political and social institutions, that allow the poor and historically subordinate groups to gain a greater share of agency, voice and power in society. 2) Ensure that economic institutions and policies seek greater equity, through sound macroeconomic management and equitable, efficient crisis resolution institutions, that avoid the large regressive redistributions that occur during crises, and that allow for saving in good times to enhance access by the poor to social safety nets in bad times. 3) Increase access by the poor to high-quality public services, especially education, health, water and electricity, as well as access to farmland and the rural services. Protect and enforce the property rights of the urban poor. 4) Reform income transfer programs so that they reach the poorest families. 2013-08-12T17:55:50Z 2013-08-12T17:55:50Z 2004 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/04/4416993/inequality-latin-america-breaking-history 0-8213-5665-8 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15009 English en_US World Bank Latin American and Caribbean Studies; CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank Washington, DC: World Bank Publications & Research :: Publication Publications & Research Latin America & Caribbean

Inequality in Latin America : Breaking with History?

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