A Profile of Living Standards in Turkmenistan
The study reviews the living standards in Turkmenistan, shaped by the Soviet legacy - whose income levels in 1989 were below the socially acceptable minimum -; by the economic decline throughout the 1990s, until recent economic resumption; and, by...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Language: | English en_US |
| Published: |
Washington, DC
2013
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/01/828340/turkmenistan-profile-living-standards-turkmenistan http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14958 |
| id |
okr-10986-14958 |
|---|---|
| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| spelling |
okr-10986-149582021-04-23T14:03:16Z A Profile of Living Standards in Turkmenistan World Bank LIVING STANDARDS INDICATORS SUBSIDIZATION POVERTY INCIDENCE SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED ECONOMIC STAGNATION GOVERNMENT POLICY LIVING CONDITIONS BASIC NEEDS SOCIAL SERVICES OPERATIONAL COSTS COMMERCIALIZATION PAYMENTS SYSTEMS QUALITY STANDARDS POVERTY MITIGATION PRICING STRATEGY MARKET COMPETITION ABSOLUTE INEQUALITY ABSOLUTE POVERTY ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA AVERAGE AGE AVERAGE INCOME BASIC EDUCATION BUDGET ALLOCATIONS BUDGET PROCESS BUDGETARY PROCESS CRITICAL IMPORTANCE DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DECLINE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH EMPLOYMENT STATUS EQUAL DISTRIBUTION EXPENDITURE QUINTILES FARMS FINANCIAL SITUATION GINI COEFFICIENT GNP GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT GROWTH RATE HEALTH CARE HEALTH INDICATORS HEALTH PROBLEMS HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH STATUS HEALTH SURVEY HEALTH WORKERS HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT INCOME INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVEL INCOME POVERTY INFANT MORTALITY INFORMAL ACTIVITIES INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS LABOR FORCE LAND REFORM LIFE EXPECTANCY LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS LIVING STANDARDS MEASUREMENT LOCAL CURRENCY LOW INEQUALITY MEAN CONSUMPTION MEAN EXPENDITURE MINIMUM WAGE NATIONAL AVERAGE NATIONAL LEVEL NON-FARM EMPLOYMENT OIL PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY CHOICES POOR PEOPLE POOR POPULATION POPULATION SHARE POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY INCREASE POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY RATE POVERTY REDUCTION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIVATE SECTOR PRO-POOR PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC RESOURCES PUBLIC SPENDING PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY REFORM PROGRAM REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGIONAL POLICIES RELATIVE INCOME RELATIVE POVERTY REPRESENTATIVE SURVEY RESOURCE ALLOCATION RURAL AREAS RURAL ECONOMY RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE RURAL PEOPLE RURAL POOR RURAL POPULATION RURAL POVERTY SIGNIFICANT EFFECT SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS SOCIAL SERVICES TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN AREAS URBAN POOR URBAN POPULATION URBAN POVERTY URBAN RESIDENTS WATER SUPPLY The study reviews the living standards in Turkmenistan, shaped by the Soviet legacy - whose income levels in 1989 were below the socially acceptable minimum -; by the economic decline throughout the 1990s, until recent economic resumption; and, by current approaches, and government policies. In an attempt to ensure good living standards, the country maintained one of the highest levels of subsidization of basic goods: water, gas, fuel, and social services, are mostly free. To some extent, the poor do benefit from these subsidies, but troubling issues reveal that: the costs of these non-targeted subsidies are not transparent, because they are paid by the providing agency, which in turn receives subsidized inputs. Nonetheless, real costs make it impossible to operate on a commercial basis, and, the non-payment system as it relates to maintenance and operation, has led to poor quality of services. But poverty alleviation implies much more than just subsidies, for measured in access to opportunity, it is seriously limited: few mechanisms exist for enabling the poor to benefit from most of the country's energy export earnings. Based on evidence that funding for social services represent transparent expenditures, and that subsidized commodities are disproportionately benefiting the wealthy, the potential for commercialization is undermined, unless services move to market pricing standards. 2013-08-08T20:17:32Z 2013-08-08T20:17:32Z 2001-01 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/01/828340/turkmenistan-profile-living-standards-turkmenistan http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14958 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Washington, DC Europe and Central Asia Turkmenistan |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
LIVING STANDARDS INDICATORS SUBSIDIZATION POVERTY INCIDENCE SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED ECONOMIC STAGNATION GOVERNMENT POLICY LIVING CONDITIONS BASIC NEEDS SOCIAL SERVICES OPERATIONAL COSTS COMMERCIALIZATION PAYMENTS SYSTEMS QUALITY STANDARDS POVERTY MITIGATION PRICING STRATEGY MARKET COMPETITION ABSOLUTE INEQUALITY ABSOLUTE POVERTY ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA AVERAGE AGE AVERAGE INCOME BASIC EDUCATION BUDGET ALLOCATIONS BUDGET PROCESS BUDGETARY PROCESS CRITICAL IMPORTANCE DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DECLINE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH EMPLOYMENT STATUS EQUAL DISTRIBUTION EXPENDITURE QUINTILES FARMS FINANCIAL SITUATION GINI COEFFICIENT GNP GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT GROWTH RATE HEALTH CARE HEALTH INDICATORS HEALTH PROBLEMS HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH STATUS HEALTH SURVEY HEALTH WORKERS HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT INCOME INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVEL INCOME POVERTY INFANT MORTALITY INFORMAL ACTIVITIES INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS LABOR FORCE LAND REFORM LIFE EXPECTANCY LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS LIVING STANDARDS MEASUREMENT LOCAL CURRENCY LOW INEQUALITY MEAN CONSUMPTION MEAN EXPENDITURE MINIMUM WAGE NATIONAL AVERAGE NATIONAL LEVEL NON-FARM EMPLOYMENT OIL PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY CHOICES POOR PEOPLE POOR POPULATION POPULATION SHARE POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY INCREASE POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY RATE POVERTY REDUCTION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIVATE SECTOR PRO-POOR PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC RESOURCES PUBLIC SPENDING PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY REFORM PROGRAM REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGIONAL POLICIES RELATIVE INCOME RELATIVE POVERTY REPRESENTATIVE SURVEY RESOURCE ALLOCATION RURAL AREAS RURAL ECONOMY RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE RURAL PEOPLE RURAL POOR RURAL POPULATION RURAL POVERTY SIGNIFICANT EFFECT SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS SOCIAL SERVICES TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN AREAS URBAN POOR URBAN POPULATION URBAN POVERTY URBAN RESIDENTS WATER SUPPLY |
| spellingShingle |
LIVING STANDARDS INDICATORS SUBSIDIZATION POVERTY INCIDENCE SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED ECONOMIC STAGNATION GOVERNMENT POLICY LIVING CONDITIONS BASIC NEEDS SOCIAL SERVICES OPERATIONAL COSTS COMMERCIALIZATION PAYMENTS SYSTEMS QUALITY STANDARDS POVERTY MITIGATION PRICING STRATEGY MARKET COMPETITION ABSOLUTE INEQUALITY ABSOLUTE POVERTY ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA AVERAGE AGE AVERAGE INCOME BASIC EDUCATION BUDGET ALLOCATIONS BUDGET PROCESS BUDGETARY PROCESS CRITICAL IMPORTANCE DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DECLINE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH EMPLOYMENT STATUS EQUAL DISTRIBUTION EXPENDITURE QUINTILES FARMS FINANCIAL SITUATION GINI COEFFICIENT GNP GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT GROWTH RATE HEALTH CARE HEALTH INDICATORS HEALTH PROBLEMS HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH STATUS HEALTH SURVEY HEALTH WORKERS HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT INCOME INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVEL INCOME POVERTY INFANT MORTALITY INFORMAL ACTIVITIES INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS LABOR FORCE LAND REFORM LIFE EXPECTANCY LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS LIVING STANDARDS MEASUREMENT LOCAL CURRENCY LOW INEQUALITY MEAN CONSUMPTION MEAN EXPENDITURE MINIMUM WAGE NATIONAL AVERAGE NATIONAL LEVEL NON-FARM EMPLOYMENT OIL PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY CHOICES POOR PEOPLE POOR POPULATION POPULATION SHARE POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY INCREASE POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY RATE POVERTY REDUCTION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIVATE SECTOR PRO-POOR PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC RESOURCES PUBLIC SPENDING PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY REFORM PROGRAM REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGIONAL POLICIES RELATIVE INCOME RELATIVE POVERTY REPRESENTATIVE SURVEY RESOURCE ALLOCATION RURAL AREAS RURAL ECONOMY RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE RURAL PEOPLE RURAL POOR RURAL POPULATION RURAL POVERTY SIGNIFICANT EFFECT SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS SOCIAL SERVICES TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN AREAS URBAN POOR URBAN POPULATION URBAN POVERTY URBAN RESIDENTS WATER SUPPLY World Bank A Profile of Living Standards in Turkmenistan |
| geographic_facet |
Europe and Central Asia Turkmenistan |
| description |
The study reviews the living standards
in Turkmenistan, shaped by the Soviet legacy - whose income
levels in 1989 were below the socially acceptable minimum -;
by the economic decline throughout the 1990s, until recent
economic resumption; and, by current approaches, and
government policies. In an attempt to ensure good living
standards, the country maintained one of the highest levels
of subsidization of basic goods: water, gas, fuel, and
social services, are mostly free. To some extent, the poor
do benefit from these subsidies, but troubling issues reveal
that: the costs of these non-targeted subsidies are not
transparent, because they are paid by the providing agency,
which in turn receives subsidized inputs. Nonetheless, real
costs make it impossible to operate on a commercial basis,
and, the non-payment system as it relates to maintenance and
operation, has led to poor quality of services. But poverty
alleviation implies much more than just subsidies, for
measured in access to opportunity, it is seriously limited:
few mechanisms exist for enabling the poor to benefit from
most of the country's energy export earnings. Based on
evidence that funding for social services represent
transparent expenditures, and that subsidized commodities
are disproportionately benefiting the wealthy, the potential
for commercialization is undermined, unless services move to
market pricing standards. |
| author |
World Bank |
| author_facet |
World Bank |
| author_sort |
World Bank |
| title |
A Profile of Living Standards in Turkmenistan |
| title_short |
A Profile of Living Standards in Turkmenistan |
| title_full |
A Profile of Living Standards in Turkmenistan |
| title_fullStr |
A Profile of Living Standards in Turkmenistan |
| title_full_unstemmed |
A Profile of Living Standards in Turkmenistan |
| title_sort |
profile of living standards in turkmenistan |
| publisher |
Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/01/828340/turkmenistan-profile-living-standards-turkmenistan http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14958 |
| _version_ |
1764427717366775808 |