Reform, Growth, and Poverty in Vietnam

Vietnam grew rapidly in the 1990s, and yet by many measures it has poor economic institutions. Dollar seeks to explain this apparent anomaly. Between the 1980s and 1990s Vietnam carried out significant economic reforms, notably stabilization, the i...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Dollar, David
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, D.C. 2013
Subjects:	ECONOMIC REFORM ECONOMIC STABILIZATION REAL INTEREST RATES TRADE LIBERALIZATION PROPERTY RIGHTS POLICY DEVELOPMENT EMERGING ECONOMIES GOVERNANCE INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY AGRICULTURE ANNUAL RATE AVERAGE GROWTH AVERAGE GROWTH RATE AVERAGE INCOMES BANKING SECTOR BANKING SYSTEMS BUREAUCRATIC DELAYS BUSINESS COMMUNITY BUSINESS CYCLES CAPITAL ACCOUNT CAPITAL CONTROLS CAPITAL GROWTH CLOSED ECONOMIES COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS COMPETITION POLICY COMPETITIVENESS CONDITIONAL CONVERGENCE CONSTANT PRICES CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT CORRUPTION COUNTRY EXPERIENCES COUNTRY REGRESSIONS COUNTRY-SPECIFIC EFFECTS CRIME CROSS-COUNTRY DIFFERENCES DATA SET DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVALUATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING WORLD DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DIRECT INVESTMENT DISINFLATION DISTRIBUTION DATA DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS DIVISION OF LABOR ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMICS ECONOMICS RESEARCH ECONOMISTS EFFICIENT REGULATION EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL GROWTH LITERATURE EMPIRICAL LITERATURE EMPIRICAL REGULARITY EMPIRICAL RESULTS EMPIRICAL STUDIES ENDOGENOUS GROWTH ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES ENFORCEABILITY EXCHANGE RATE EXPENDITURES EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXTREME POVERTY FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL MARKETS FINANCIAL SECTOR FINANCIAL SECTOR REFORMS FOREIGN INVESTORS FOREIGN TRADE GDP GDP PER CAPITA GINI COEFFICIENT GLOBAL ECONOMY GOVERNANCE INDICATORS GOVERNMENT EFFECTIVENESS GROWTH ACCELERATION GROWTH DATA GROWTH EFFECT GROWTH EMPIRICS GROWTH IMPACT GROWTH MODELS GROWTH PERFORMANCE GROWTH PRO-POOR GROWTH RATES GROWTH REGRESSION GROWTH REGRESSIONS GROWTH THEORIES GROWTH THEORY HIGH GROWTH HIGH GROWTH RATE HIGH INFLATION HIGH SPREADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD WELFARE IMPORT TARIFFS INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME DISTRIBUTION DATA INCOME INEQUALITY INCREASED INEQUALITY INCREASING RETURNS INDIVIDUAL POLICIES INEQUALITY CHANGE INFLATION RATE INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT INFRASTRUCTURE PROVISION INSTITUTIONAL MEASURES INSTITUTIONAL WEAKNESSES INSURANCE INTEREST RATE INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVESTMENT CLIMATE LABOR MARKETS LAGGED CHANGES LAGGED GROWTH LAND REFORM LAND REFORMS LDCS LONG-RUN GROWTH LONG-TERM GROWTH LORENZ CURVE LOW INEQUALITY MACRO STABILITY MACROECONOMIC FACTORS MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT MACROECONOMIC POLICY MACROECONOMICS MARKET ECONOMIES MEASURING INCOME INEQUALITY MONETARY ECONOMICS NATIONAL INCOME NEGATIVE RELATIONSHIP PER CAPITA GROWTH PER CAPITA INCOME POINT ESTIMATES POLICY CHANGES POLICY MEASURES POLICY PACKAGE POLICY REFORM POLICY RESEARCH POLICY STANCE POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL INSTABILITY POLITICAL STABILITY POOR COUNTRY POOR GROWTH POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR POLICIES POVERTY HEADCOUNT POVERTY LINE POVERTY REDUCTION PRICE CONTROLS PRIVATE PROPERTY PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY RAPID GROWTH REGULATORY BURDEN REGULATORY FRAMEWORK RICH COUNTRIES RULE OF LAW SAFETY NETS SECTOR REFORMS SOCIAL PROTECTION STANDARD DEVIATION STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENTS TARIFF BARRIERS TAX EVASION TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TELECOMMUNICATIONS TRADE OPENNESS TRADE POLICY TRADE REFORMS TRADE VOLUMES TRANSACTIONS COSTS UNEMPLOYMENT VALUE ADDED WTO
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/05/1783729/reform-growth-poverty-vietnam http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14801

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Summary:	Vietnam grew rapidly in the 1990s, and yet by many measures it has poor economic institutions. Dollar seeks to explain this apparent anomaly. Between the 1980s and 1990s Vietnam carried out significant economic reforms, notably stabilization, the introduction of positive real interest rates, trade liberalization, and initial property rights reform in agriculture. Relating these changes to the empirical growth literature, the author finds that Vietnam's growth acceleration is about what would be predicted. Conditional convergence also suggests that the country's high growth rate will decelerate unless further reforms are taken. The author then looks at the level of institutional and policy development in Vietnam compared with other emerging market economies. While Vietnam's policies have improved, they did so starting from a very low base. So, it can be simultaneously true that Vietnam's policies have improved a lot and yet are rather poor in comparative perspective. A comparison of governance indicators, financial sector issues, and the infrastructure of international integration reveals serious institutional weaknesses in Vietnam that need to be addressed if a high growth rate is to be sustained.

Reform, Growth, and Poverty in Vietnam

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