Sudan - Stabilization and Reconstruction : Country Economic Memorandum, Volume 1. Main Text
This Country Economic Memorandum is the first economic report in a decade. It gives priority to updating knowledge about the evolution of social and economic developments during the 1990s. It reviewareas of progress in macroeconomic reforms and the...
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| Format: | Country Economic Memorandum |
| Language: | English en_US |
| Published: |
Washington, DC
2013
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/06/2480788/sudan-stabilization-reconstruction-country-economic-memorandum-vol-1-2-main-text http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14622 |
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okr-10986-14622 |
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oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ACCOUNTABILITY ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURE ANALYTICAL WORK AUTHORITY BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BUDGET ALLOCATIONS BUDGET CONSTRAINTS BUDGETARY ALLOCATIONS CAPACITY BUILDING CENTRAL BANK CIVIL SOCIETY CIVIL WAR COMMERCIAL BANKS CONSTITUENCIES CONSUMPTION POVERTY COUNTRY CONTEXT COUNTRY DATA CURRENCY UNIT DECENTRALIZATION DEREGULATION DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DIVIDENDS DOMESTIC WATER DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLIES ECONOMIC CONTEXT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ECONOMIC MEMORANDUM ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC TRENDS EMPLOYMENT ENTERPRISE REFORM EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXPENDITURE EXPORTS EXTERNAL DEBT FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL SECTOR FINANCIAL SECTOR REFORMS FINANCIAL SUPPORT FISCAL FISCAL TRANSPARENCY FISH FISHERIES FOOD INSECURITY FORESTRY FORMAL EMPLOYMENT GDP GDP PER CAPITA GOVERNANCE PROBLEMS GOVERNANCE REFORMS GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS GOVERNMENT REVENUE GOVERNMENT REVENUES GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HEALTH CARE HEALTH SERVICES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPACITY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT HUMAN RESOURCE HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES IMPORTS INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GROWTH INEQUALITY INFANT MORTALITY INFLATION INFLATION RATE INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS INTERGOVERNMENTAL TRANSFERS INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT LABOR FORCE LAND DEGRADATION LAND REFORM LDCS LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES LIBERATION LOCAL COMMUNITIES MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT MACROECONOMIC REFORMS MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION MARKET PRICES MINISTRY OF FINANCE MONETARY POLICY MONEY SUPPLY NATIONAL ECONOMY NATIONAL INCOME NATIONAL STATE NATIONS NATURAL RESOURCES NUTRITION OIL PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY CHANGES POLITICAL PARTICIPATION POPULATION GROWTH POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY POWER PLANTS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REFORM PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC EXPENDITURES PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SERVICE RECURRENT COSTS REFERENDUM REHABILITATION REPRESENTATIVES RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS RURAL AREAS RURAL POVERTY SAVINGS SECONDARY SCHOOLS SECTOR POLICY SERVICE DELIVERY SOCIAL CONDITIONS SOCIAL CONTEXT SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL INDICATORS SOCIAL SERVICES STATE BUDGETS STRUCTURAL REFORMS SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TASK TEAM LEADER TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TERTIARY EDUCATION TOTAL REVENUE TRANSPARENCY URBAN AREAS WATER SUPPLY WEALTH WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION MACROECONOMIC REFORM GOVERNANCE INSTITUTIONAL REFORM CONFLICT AREAS POST-CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION WAR RECOVERY PUBLIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PEACE BUILDING PEACE INITIATIVES ECONOMIC GROWTH TRADE LIBERALIZATION MONETARY POLICY EXCHANGE RATE DEVELOPMENTS TARIFF REFORMS DECENTRALIZATION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION EDUCATIONAL FINANCING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS EDUCATIONAL INVESTMENT WOMEN'S PARTICIPATION SANITATION SERVICES POLITICAL PARTICIPATION WOMEN'S LEGAL STATUS WOMEN'S EDUCATION WOMEN'S HEALTH HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS INTERNALLY DISPLACED PEOPLE REFUGEE POLICIES SOCIAL INEQUALITY POVERTY RATES CIVIL WAR DEBT RESCHEDULING SOCIAL SERVICE DELIVERY TRAUMA CARE VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN RAPE LEGAL RIGHTS MATERNAL MORTALITY NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE |
| spellingShingle |
ACCOUNTABILITY ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURE ANALYTICAL WORK AUTHORITY BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BUDGET ALLOCATIONS BUDGET CONSTRAINTS BUDGETARY ALLOCATIONS CAPACITY BUILDING CENTRAL BANK CIVIL SOCIETY CIVIL WAR COMMERCIAL BANKS CONSTITUENCIES CONSUMPTION POVERTY COUNTRY CONTEXT COUNTRY DATA CURRENCY UNIT DECENTRALIZATION DEREGULATION DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DIVIDENDS DOMESTIC WATER DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLIES ECONOMIC CONTEXT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ECONOMIC MEMORANDUM ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC TRENDS EMPLOYMENT ENTERPRISE REFORM EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXPENDITURE EXPORTS EXTERNAL DEBT FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL SECTOR FINANCIAL SECTOR REFORMS FINANCIAL SUPPORT FISCAL FISCAL TRANSPARENCY FISH FISHERIES FOOD INSECURITY FORESTRY FORMAL EMPLOYMENT GDP GDP PER CAPITA GOVERNANCE PROBLEMS GOVERNANCE REFORMS GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS GOVERNMENT REVENUE GOVERNMENT REVENUES GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HEALTH CARE HEALTH SERVICES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPACITY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT HUMAN RESOURCE HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES IMPORTS INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GROWTH INEQUALITY INFANT MORTALITY INFLATION INFLATION RATE INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS INTERGOVERNMENTAL TRANSFERS INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT LABOR FORCE LAND DEGRADATION LAND REFORM LDCS LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES LIBERATION LOCAL COMMUNITIES MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT MACROECONOMIC REFORMS MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION MARKET PRICES MINISTRY OF FINANCE MONETARY POLICY MONEY SUPPLY NATIONAL ECONOMY NATIONAL INCOME NATIONAL STATE NATIONS NATURAL RESOURCES NUTRITION OIL PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY CHANGES POLITICAL PARTICIPATION POPULATION GROWTH POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY POWER PLANTS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REFORM PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC EXPENDITURES PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SERVICE RECURRENT COSTS REFERENDUM REHABILITATION REPRESENTATIVES RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS RURAL AREAS RURAL POVERTY SAVINGS SECONDARY SCHOOLS SECTOR POLICY SERVICE DELIVERY SOCIAL CONDITIONS SOCIAL CONTEXT SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL INDICATORS SOCIAL SERVICES STATE BUDGETS STRUCTURAL REFORMS SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TASK TEAM LEADER TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TERTIARY EDUCATION TOTAL REVENUE TRANSPARENCY URBAN AREAS WATER SUPPLY WEALTH WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION MACROECONOMIC REFORM GOVERNANCE INSTITUTIONAL REFORM CONFLICT AREAS POST-CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION WAR RECOVERY PUBLIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PEACE BUILDING PEACE INITIATIVES ECONOMIC GROWTH TRADE LIBERALIZATION MONETARY POLICY EXCHANGE RATE DEVELOPMENTS TARIFF REFORMS DECENTRALIZATION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION EDUCATIONAL FINANCING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS EDUCATIONAL INVESTMENT WOMEN'S PARTICIPATION SANITATION SERVICES POLITICAL PARTICIPATION WOMEN'S LEGAL STATUS WOMEN'S EDUCATION WOMEN'S HEALTH HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS INTERNALLY DISPLACED PEOPLE REFUGEE POLICIES SOCIAL INEQUALITY POVERTY RATES CIVIL WAR DEBT RESCHEDULING SOCIAL SERVICE DELIVERY TRAUMA CARE VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN RAPE LEGAL RIGHTS MATERNAL MORTALITY NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE World Bank Sudan - Stabilization and Reconstruction : Country Economic Memorandum, Volume 1. Main Text |
| geographic_facet |
Africa Sudan |
| description |
This Country Economic Memorandum is the
first economic report in a decade. It gives priority to
updating knowledge about the evolution of social and
economic developments during the 1990s. It reviewareas of
progress in macroeconomic reforms and the lack of success in
governance and institutional reforms. Substantial reforms
were undertaken in this period , but the civil war continued
to have a serious negative impact on Sudan's people and
its economic prospects. While the results of the reforms
have been promising, particularly in the area of
macroeconomic stabilization and liberalization, the
distribution of economic wealth needs to improve. Although
there has not been any national household survey since 1978,
social indicators point to low levels of welfare throughout
Sudan, with some indicators well below those in Sub-Saharan
Africa. among the many issues facing the Sudanese economy
are these: There has been high growth but skewed
distribution. Stabilization has been costly in social terms:
expenditures were cut by more than 50 percent relative to
gross domestic product (GDP), causing considerable
reductions in social services and infrastructure
development. Key services were decentralized, delegated to
states and local communities, which had neither the revenues
nor the administrative capacity for these tasks. High
poverty rates persist. Social inequalities threaten to
undermine macroeconomic stability. Moreover, the civil war
was costly in terms of human suffering. Millions are
internally displaced, there are almost a million refugees in
camps in neighboring countries, the death toll is estimated
at 2 million, and warring armies continue to claim
substantial resources. However, peace negotiations look
encouraging. For peace to be sustained, it must be
accompanied by economic and governance reforms, and a
formula for equitable sharing of resources and power must be
found for resolving the major root causes of decades of
civil war. Reconstruction and development needs are enormous
and will require external financing. Even after debt
rescheduling, additional resources will be needed and the
Sudan will urgently be expected to put measures in place to
improve public resources management. As for the major
sectors, infrastructure needs major rehabilitation and
development, agricultural reforms need to be pursued,
improved social services are a high priority, and
war-affected areas face special difficulties like food
insecurity. The needs of women require special attention,
particularly in those parts of the country where women
suffer severely from the violence and lawlessness that
emerged as a result of the prolonged civil war. Many are
widows and many have suffered also from rape, insecurity,
and other traumas. the average ratio iof adult women to
adult men is two to one in war-affected areas in southern
Sudan, and only one out of ten women is literate, |
| format |
Economic & Sector Work :: Country Economic Memorandum |
| author |
World Bank |
| author_facet |
World Bank |
| author_sort |
World Bank |
| title |
Sudan - Stabilization and Reconstruction : Country Economic Memorandum, Volume 1. Main Text |
| title_short |
Sudan - Stabilization and Reconstruction : Country Economic Memorandum, Volume 1. Main Text |
| title_full |
Sudan - Stabilization and Reconstruction : Country Economic Memorandum, Volume 1. Main Text |
| title_fullStr |
Sudan - Stabilization and Reconstruction : Country Economic Memorandum, Volume 1. Main Text |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Sudan - Stabilization and Reconstruction : Country Economic Memorandum, Volume 1. Main Text |
| title_sort |
sudan - stabilization and reconstruction : country economic memorandum, volume 1. main text |
| publisher |
Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/06/2480788/sudan-stabilization-reconstruction-country-economic-memorandum-vol-1-2-main-text http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14622 |
| _version_ |
1764428078895857664 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-146222021-04-23T14:03:16Z Sudan - Stabilization and Reconstruction : Country Economic Memorandum, Volume 1. Main Text World Bank ACCOUNTABILITY ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURE ANALYTICAL WORK AUTHORITY BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BUDGET ALLOCATIONS BUDGET CONSTRAINTS BUDGETARY ALLOCATIONS CAPACITY BUILDING CENTRAL BANK CIVIL SOCIETY CIVIL WAR COMMERCIAL BANKS CONSTITUENCIES CONSUMPTION POVERTY COUNTRY CONTEXT COUNTRY DATA CURRENCY UNIT DECENTRALIZATION DEREGULATION DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DIVIDENDS DOMESTIC WATER DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLIES ECONOMIC CONTEXT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ECONOMIC MEMORANDUM ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC TRENDS EMPLOYMENT ENTERPRISE REFORM EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXPENDITURE EXPORTS EXTERNAL DEBT FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL SECTOR FINANCIAL SECTOR REFORMS FINANCIAL SUPPORT FISCAL FISCAL TRANSPARENCY FISH FISHERIES FOOD INSECURITY FORESTRY FORMAL EMPLOYMENT GDP GDP PER CAPITA GOVERNANCE PROBLEMS GOVERNANCE REFORMS GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS GOVERNMENT REVENUE GOVERNMENT REVENUES GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HEALTH CARE HEALTH SERVICES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPACITY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT HUMAN RESOURCE HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES IMPORTS INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GROWTH INEQUALITY INFANT MORTALITY INFLATION INFLATION RATE INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS INTERGOVERNMENTAL TRANSFERS INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT LABOR FORCE LAND DEGRADATION LAND REFORM LDCS LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES LIBERATION LOCAL COMMUNITIES MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT MACROECONOMIC REFORMS MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION MARKET PRICES MINISTRY OF FINANCE MONETARY POLICY MONEY SUPPLY NATIONAL ECONOMY NATIONAL INCOME NATIONAL STATE NATIONS NATURAL RESOURCES NUTRITION OIL PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY CHANGES POLITICAL PARTICIPATION POPULATION GROWTH POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY POWER PLANTS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REFORM PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC EXPENDITURES PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SERVICE RECURRENT COSTS REFERENDUM REHABILITATION REPRESENTATIVES RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS RURAL AREAS RURAL POVERTY SAVINGS SECONDARY SCHOOLS SECTOR POLICY SERVICE DELIVERY SOCIAL CONDITIONS SOCIAL CONTEXT SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL INDICATORS SOCIAL SERVICES STATE BUDGETS STRUCTURAL REFORMS SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TASK TEAM LEADER TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TERTIARY EDUCATION TOTAL REVENUE TRANSPARENCY URBAN AREAS WATER SUPPLY WEALTH WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION MACROECONOMIC REFORM GOVERNANCE INSTITUTIONAL REFORM CONFLICT AREAS POST-CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION WAR RECOVERY PUBLIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PEACE BUILDING PEACE INITIATIVES ECONOMIC GROWTH TRADE LIBERALIZATION MONETARY POLICY EXCHANGE RATE DEVELOPMENTS TARIFF REFORMS DECENTRALIZATION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION EDUCATIONAL FINANCING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS EDUCATIONAL INVESTMENT WOMEN'S PARTICIPATION SANITATION SERVICES POLITICAL PARTICIPATION WOMEN'S LEGAL STATUS WOMEN'S EDUCATION WOMEN'S HEALTH HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS INTERNALLY DISPLACED PEOPLE REFUGEE POLICIES SOCIAL INEQUALITY POVERTY RATES CIVIL WAR DEBT RESCHEDULING SOCIAL SERVICE DELIVERY TRAUMA CARE VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN RAPE LEGAL RIGHTS MATERNAL MORTALITY NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE This Country Economic Memorandum is the first economic report in a decade. It gives priority to updating knowledge about the evolution of social and economic developments during the 1990s. It reviewareas of progress in macroeconomic reforms and the lack of success in governance and institutional reforms. Substantial reforms were undertaken in this period , but the civil war continued to have a serious negative impact on Sudan's people and its economic prospects. While the results of the reforms have been promising, particularly in the area of macroeconomic stabilization and liberalization, the distribution of economic wealth needs to improve. Although there has not been any national household survey since 1978, social indicators point to low levels of welfare throughout Sudan, with some indicators well below those in Sub-Saharan Africa. among the many issues facing the Sudanese economy are these: There has been high growth but skewed distribution. Stabilization has been costly in social terms: expenditures were cut by more than 50 percent relative to gross domestic product (GDP), causing considerable reductions in social services and infrastructure development. Key services were decentralized, delegated to states and local communities, which had neither the revenues nor the administrative capacity for these tasks. High poverty rates persist. Social inequalities threaten to undermine macroeconomic stability. Moreover, the civil war was costly in terms of human suffering. Millions are internally displaced, there are almost a million refugees in camps in neighboring countries, the death toll is estimated at 2 million, and warring armies continue to claim substantial resources. However, peace negotiations look encouraging. For peace to be sustained, it must be accompanied by economic and governance reforms, and a formula for equitable sharing of resources and power must be found for resolving the major root causes of decades of civil war. Reconstruction and development needs are enormous and will require external financing. Even after debt rescheduling, additional resources will be needed and the Sudan will urgently be expected to put measures in place to improve public resources management. As for the major sectors, infrastructure needs major rehabilitation and development, agricultural reforms need to be pursued, improved social services are a high priority, and war-affected areas face special difficulties like food insecurity. The needs of women require special attention, particularly in those parts of the country where women suffer severely from the violence and lawlessness that emerged as a result of the prolonged civil war. Many are widows and many have suffered also from rape, insecurity, and other traumas. the average ratio iof adult women to adult men is two to one in war-affected areas in southern Sudan, and only one out of ten women is literate, 2013-07-26T16:56:39Z 2013-07-26T16:56:39Z 2003-06-30 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/06/2480788/sudan-stabilization-reconstruction-country-economic-memorandum-vol-1-2-main-text http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14622 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work :: Country Economic Memorandum Economic & Sector Work Africa Sudan |