The Returns to Participation in the Nonfarm Sector in Rural Rwanda
In this paper, we investigate the differences in outcomes (earnings and consumption) between individuals (households) who participate in the non-farm sector and those who do not. We use propensity score matching methods, where we create appropriate...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, D.C.
2013
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/12/5623757/returns-participation-non-farm-sector-rural-rwanda http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14316 |
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okr-10986-143162021-04-23T14:03:21Z The Returns to Participation in the Nonfarm Sector in Rural Rwanda Dabalen, Andrew Paternostro, Stefano Pierre, Gaëlle ADULTS BANKS BARRIERS TO ENTRY CIVIL SERVANTS COMMUNITIES DEMOGRAPHICS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY EDUCATION EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT ENDOWMENTS EXPENDITURES FARMS FOOD SECURITY HEALTH HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INCOME INSURANCE LABOR FORCE LIVING CONDITIONS MIGRANTS MIGRATION MOTHERS MOTIVATION OCCUPATIONS PARENTS POLICY RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC SECTOR REFUGEES RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT SAVINGS SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL ISSUES SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIAL STATUS UNEMPLOYMENT WAGES WIDOWS WORKERS In this paper, we investigate the differences in outcomes (earnings and consumption) between individuals (households) who participate in the non-farm sector and those who do not. We use propensity score matching methods, where we create appropriate comparison groups of individuals and households. First we find that non-farm self-employed individuals in rural Rwanda have significantly higher earnings than farm workers and non-farm formal employees. Second, we show that the benefits to non-farm self-employment are much higher among the non-poor than among the poor. Third, we show that diversified households, those with a farm and a non-farm enterprise, are less likely to be poor. Finally, farm households who do not participate in the market have significantly lower consumption levels than households that do. However, the benefits to market participation appear to matter less for the poor than for the non-poor. We find little difference in expenditures between market participants and non-market participants, for comparable households in the bottom 40% of the expenditure distribution. 2013-07-01T18:55:03Z 2013-07-01T18:55:03Z 2004-12 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/12/5623757/returns-participation-non-farm-sector-rural-rwanda http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14316 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No.3462 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, D.C. Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Africa Rwanda |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ADULTS BANKS BARRIERS TO ENTRY CIVIL SERVANTS COMMUNITIES DEMOGRAPHICS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY EDUCATION EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT ENDOWMENTS EXPENDITURES FARMS FOOD SECURITY HEALTH HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INCOME INSURANCE LABOR FORCE LIVING CONDITIONS MIGRANTS MIGRATION MOTHERS MOTIVATION OCCUPATIONS PARENTS POLICY RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC SECTOR REFUGEES RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT SAVINGS SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL ISSUES SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIAL STATUS UNEMPLOYMENT WAGES WIDOWS WORKERS |
| spellingShingle |
ADULTS BANKS BARRIERS TO ENTRY CIVIL SERVANTS COMMUNITIES DEMOGRAPHICS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY EDUCATION EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT ENDOWMENTS EXPENDITURES FARMS FOOD SECURITY HEALTH HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INCOME INSURANCE LABOR FORCE LIVING CONDITIONS MIGRANTS MIGRATION MOTHERS MOTIVATION OCCUPATIONS PARENTS POLICY RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC SECTOR REFUGEES RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT SAVINGS SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL ISSUES SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIAL STATUS UNEMPLOYMENT WAGES WIDOWS WORKERS Dabalen, Andrew Paternostro, Stefano Pierre, Gaëlle The Returns to Participation in the Nonfarm Sector in Rural Rwanda |
| geographic_facet |
Africa Rwanda |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper;No.3462 |
| description |
In this paper, we investigate the
differences in outcomes (earnings and consumption) between
individuals (households) who participate in the non-farm
sector and those who do not. We use propensity score
matching methods, where we create appropriate comparison
groups of individuals and households. First we find that
non-farm self-employed individuals in rural Rwanda have
significantly higher earnings than farm workers and non-farm
formal employees. Second, we show that the benefits to
non-farm self-employment are much higher among the non-poor
than among the poor. Third, we show that diversified
households, those with a farm and a non-farm enterprise, are
less likely to be poor. Finally, farm households who do not
participate in the market have significantly lower
consumption levels than households that do. However, the
benefits to market participation appear to matter less for
the poor than for the non-poor. We find little difference in
expenditures between market participants and non-market
participants, for comparable households in the bottom 40% of
the expenditure distribution. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Dabalen, Andrew Paternostro, Stefano Pierre, Gaëlle |
| author_facet |
Dabalen, Andrew Paternostro, Stefano Pierre, Gaëlle |
| author_sort |
Dabalen, Andrew |
| title |
The Returns to Participation in the Nonfarm Sector in Rural Rwanda |
| title_short |
The Returns to Participation in the Nonfarm Sector in Rural Rwanda |
| title_full |
The Returns to Participation in the Nonfarm Sector in Rural Rwanda |
| title_fullStr |
The Returns to Participation in the Nonfarm Sector in Rural Rwanda |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Returns to Participation in the Nonfarm Sector in Rural Rwanda |
| title_sort |
returns to participation in the nonfarm sector in rural rwanda |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, D.C. |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/12/5623757/returns-participation-non-farm-sector-rural-rwanda http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14316 |
| _version_ |
1764430903837196288 |