Transfer of Technology to Developing Countries: Unilateral and Multilateral Policy Options

The authors analyze national and international policy options to encourage the international transfer of technology, distinguishing between four major channels of such transfer: trade in products, trade in knowledge, foreign direct investment, and...

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Main Authors:	Hoekman, Bernard M., Maskus, Keith E., Saggi, Kamal
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, D.C. 2013
Subjects:	TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS POPULATION MOBILITY TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICIES TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS FISCAL INCENTIVE POLICIES INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ACCESS TO CAPITAL ADAPT TECHNOLOGY AGRICULTURE ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BIOTECHNOLOGIES BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CAPITAL GOODS CAPITAL MARKETS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSUMERS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES E-COMMERCE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC VALUE EMPLOYMENT ENGINEERING EXPENDITURES EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES EXTERNALITY FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY GROWTH MODELS HUMAN CAPITAL IMPERFECT COMPETITION IMPORTS INCENTIVE EFFECTS INCOME INCREASING RETURNS INDUSTRIALIZATION INEFFICIENCY INFORMATION PROBLEMS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTERMEDIATE GOODS INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTIONS INVESTMENT INCENTIVES KNOW-HOW LABOR FORCE LDCS LEARNING LOW INCOME LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARGINAL COST MARKET FAILURES MARKET POWER MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES NEW PRODUCTS NEW TECHNOLOGIES NEW TECHNOLOGY OPEN MARKETS PATENTS PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY INSTRUMENTS POLICY RESEARCH POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES POSITIVE SPILLOVERS PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCERS PRODUCTION PROCESSES PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROGRAMS PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC GOODS RECIPIENT COUNTRIES RESEARCH CENTERS ROYALTIES SPILLOVERS TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITION TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION TECHNOLOGY DIFFUSION TECHNOLOGY MARKETS TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TELECOMMUNICATIONS TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TRADE BARRIERS TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRANSACTIONS COSTS TRANSITION ECONOMIES UNIVERSITIES VERTICAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/06/4984702/transfer-technology-developing-countries-unilateral-multilateral-policy-options http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14181

id	okr-10986-14181
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-141812021-04-23T14:03:21Z Transfer of Technology to Developing Countries: Unilateral and Multilateral Policy Options Hoekman, Bernard M. Maskus, Keith E. Saggi, Kamal TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS POPULATION MOBILITY TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICIES TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS FISCAL INCENTIVE POLICIES INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ACCESS TO CAPITAL ADAPT TECHNOLOGY AGRICULTURE ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BIOTECHNOLOGIES BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CAPITAL GOODS CAPITAL MARKETS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSUMERS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES E-COMMERCE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC VALUE EMPLOYMENT ENGINEERING EXPENDITURES EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES EXTERNALITY FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY GROWTH MODELS HUMAN CAPITAL IMPERFECT COMPETITION IMPORTS INCENTIVE EFFECTS INCOME INCREASING RETURNS INDUSTRIALIZATION INEFFICIENCY INFORMATION PROBLEMS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTERMEDIATE GOODS INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTIONS INVESTMENT INCENTIVES KNOW-HOW LABOR FORCE LDCS LEARNING LOW INCOME LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARGINAL COST MARKET FAILURES MARKET POWER MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES NEW PRODUCTS NEW TECHNOLOGIES NEW TECHNOLOGY OPEN MARKETS PATENTS PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY INSTRUMENTS POLICY RESEARCH POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES POSITIVE SPILLOVERS PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCERS PRODUCTION PROCESSES PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROGRAMS PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC GOODS RECIPIENT COUNTRIES RESEARCH CENTERS ROYALTIES SPILLOVERS TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITION TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION TECHNOLOGY DIFFUSION TECHNOLOGY MARKETS TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TELECOMMUNICATIONS TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TRADE BARRIERS TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICIES TRANSACTIONS COSTS TRANSITION ECONOMIES UNIVERSITIES VERTICAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO The authors analyze national and international policy options to encourage the international transfer of technology, distinguishing between four major channels of such transfer: trade in products, trade in knowledge, foreign direct investment, and intra-national and international movement of people. They develop a typology of country types and appropriate policy rules of thumb as a guide to both national policymakers and rule making in the World Trade Organization, as policies should differentiate between countries. The authors also develop some rules of thumb for policy intervention. These include: 1) Liberal trade policies for all types of countries; 2) Temporary encouragement of foreign direct investment inflows for low-income countries; 3) Licensing for technical transformation and adaptive investments by local firms to apply technologies; 4) Policy options for source economies to encourage international transfer of technology to poor countries, including fiscal incentives, improvement of flows of public-domain technologies with appropriate subsidies, and price differentiation for exports of intellectual property products. 2013-06-25T18:32:05Z 2013-06-25T18:32:05Z 2004-06 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/06/4984702/transfer-technology-developing-countries-unilateral-multilateral-policy-options http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14181 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No.3332 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, D.C. Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS POPULATION MOBILITY TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICIES TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS FISCAL INCENTIVE POLICIES INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ACCESS TO CAPITAL ADAPT TECHNOLOGY AGRICULTURE ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BIOTECHNOLOGIES BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CAPITAL GOODS CAPITAL MARKETS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSUMERS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES E-COMMERCE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC VALUE EMPLOYMENT ENGINEERING EXPENDITURES EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES EXTERNALITY FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY GROWTH MODELS HUMAN CAPITAL IMPERFECT COMPETITION IMPORTS INCENTIVE EFFECTS INCOME INCREASING RETURNS INDUSTRIALIZATION INEFFICIENCY INFORMATION PROBLEMS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTERMEDIATE GOODS INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTIONS INVESTMENT INCENTIVES KNOW-HOW LABOR FORCE LDCS LEARNING LOW INCOME LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARGINAL COST MARKET FAILURES MARKET POWER MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES NEW PRODUCTS NEW TECHNOLOGIES NEW TECHNOLOGY OPEN MARKETS PATENTS PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY INSTRUMENTS POLICY RESEARCH POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES POSITIVE SPILLOVERS PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCERS PRODUCTION PROCESSES PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROGRAMS PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC GOODS RECIPIENT COUNTRIES RESEARCH CENTERS ROYALTIES SPILLOVERS TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITION TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION TECHNOLOGY DIFFUSION TECHNOLOGY MARKETS TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TELECOMMUNICATIONS TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TRADE BARRIERS TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICIES TRANSACTIONS COSTS TRANSITION ECONOMIES UNIVERSITIES VERTICAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO
spellingShingle	TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS POPULATION MOBILITY TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICIES TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS FISCAL INCENTIVE POLICIES INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ACCESS TO CAPITAL ADAPT TECHNOLOGY AGRICULTURE ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BIOTECHNOLOGIES BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CAPITAL GOODS CAPITAL MARKETS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSUMERS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES E-COMMERCE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC VALUE EMPLOYMENT ENGINEERING EXPENDITURES EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES EXTERNALITY FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY GROWTH MODELS HUMAN CAPITAL IMPERFECT COMPETITION IMPORTS INCENTIVE EFFECTS INCOME INCREASING RETURNS INDUSTRIALIZATION INEFFICIENCY INFORMATION PROBLEMS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTERMEDIATE GOODS INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTIONS INVESTMENT INCENTIVES KNOW-HOW LABOR FORCE LDCS LEARNING LOW INCOME LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARGINAL COST MARKET FAILURES MARKET POWER MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES NEW PRODUCTS NEW TECHNOLOGIES NEW TECHNOLOGY OPEN MARKETS PATENTS PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY INSTRUMENTS POLICY RESEARCH POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES POSITIVE SPILLOVERS PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCERS PRODUCTION PROCESSES PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROGRAMS PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC GOODS RECIPIENT COUNTRIES RESEARCH CENTERS ROYALTIES SPILLOVERS TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITION TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION TECHNOLOGY DIFFUSION TECHNOLOGY MARKETS TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TELECOMMUNICATIONS TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TRADE BARRIERS TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICIES TRANSACTIONS COSTS TRANSITION ECONOMIES UNIVERSITIES VERTICAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO Hoekman, Bernard M. Maskus, Keith E. Saggi, Kamal Transfer of Technology to Developing Countries: Unilateral and Multilateral Policy Options
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No.3332
description	The authors analyze national and international policy options to encourage the international transfer of technology, distinguishing between four major channels of such transfer: trade in products, trade in knowledge, foreign direct investment, and intra-national and international movement of people. They develop a typology of country types and appropriate policy rules of thumb as a guide to both national policymakers and rule making in the World Trade Organization, as policies should differentiate between countries. The authors also develop some rules of thumb for policy intervention. These include: 1) Liberal trade policies for all types of countries; 2) Temporary encouragement of foreign direct investment inflows for low-income countries; 3) Licensing for technical transformation and adaptive investments by local firms to apply technologies; 4) Policy options for source economies to encourage international transfer of technology to poor countries, including fiscal incentives, improvement of flows of public-domain technologies with appropriate subsidies, and price differentiation for exports of intellectual property products.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Hoekman, Bernard M. Maskus, Keith E. Saggi, Kamal
author_facet	Hoekman, Bernard M. Maskus, Keith E. Saggi, Kamal
author_sort	Hoekman, Bernard M.
title	Transfer of Technology to Developing Countries: Unilateral and Multilateral Policy Options
title_short	Transfer of Technology to Developing Countries: Unilateral and Multilateral Policy Options
title_full	Transfer of Technology to Developing Countries: Unilateral and Multilateral Policy Options
title_fullStr	Transfer of Technology to Developing Countries: Unilateral and Multilateral Policy Options
title_full_unstemmed	Transfer of Technology to Developing Countries: Unilateral and Multilateral Policy Options
title_sort	transfer of technology to developing countries: unilateral and multilateral policy options
publisher	World Bank, Washington, D.C.
publishDate	2013
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/06/4984702/transfer-technology-developing-countries-unilateral-multilateral-policy-options http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14181
_version_	1764430481006264320

Transfer of Technology to Developing Countries: Unilateral and Multilateral Policy Options

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