Breathing Clean : Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses
In response to emerging epidemiological evidence of the toxicity of diesel vehicular emissions, there is growing interest in substituting conventional diesel with much cleaner natural gas in cities where ambient concentrations of particulate matter...
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Washington, DC: World Bank
2013
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/10/1652164/breathing-clean-considering-switch-natural-gas-buses http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14033 |
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okr-10986-140332021-04-23T14:03:11Z Breathing Clean : Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses Kojima, Masami ADVANCED VEHICLE AIR POLLUTION AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT AIR RESOURCES AIRBORNE PARTICLES AIRBORNE TOXINS ALTERNATIVE FUELS AMBIENT AIR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS ATMOSPHERE ATMOSPHERIC GASES AUTOMOTIVE DIESEL BIOMASS BLACK SMOKE BUS FLEET BUS INDUSTRY BUS OPERATORS CARBON CARBON DIOXIDE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION CHOICE OF FUEL CLEAN DIESEL CLEAN WATER COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS COMPRESSION IGNITION CONSTRUCTION CONVENTIONAL DIESELS DIESEL DIESEL EMISSION STANDARDS DIESEL EMISSIONS DIESEL ENGINES DIESEL PARTICULATE DIESEL PARTICULATE EMISSIONS DIESEL POWER DIESEL VEHICLES DISTRIBUTION PIPELINES DUAL-FUEL BUSES EMISSION REDUCTIONS EMISSIONS EMISSIONS REDUCTION ENGINE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY EXHAUST EMISSIONS FINE PARTICLES FOREST MANAGEMENT FUEL FUEL COMPOSITION FUEL COST FUEL COST SAVINGS FUEL ECONOMY FUEL OIL FUEL PRICE FUEL PRICES FUEL PRICING FUEL QUALITY FUEL SWITCHING FUEL TAX FUEL TAXATION GAS GAS CYLINDERS GAS DISTRIBUTION GAS ENGINES GAS INDUSTRY GAS VEHICLES GASEOUS FUEL GASEOUS FUELS GASOLINE GASOLINE CAR GASOLINE ENGINES GASOLINE VEHICLES GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION GROSS EMITTERS GROUNDWATER HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES HIGH LEVELS HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS HYDROCARBONS INTERNATIONAL NATURAL GAS LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES LIQUID FUELS LOWER EMISSIONS METHANE MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS BUS NATURAL GAS BUSES NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY NATURAL GAS PIPELINE NATURAL GAS VEHICLE OCTANE OIL OXIDES OF NITROGEN OXIDES OF SULFUR OZONE OZONE PRECURSOR PARTICLE EMISSIONS PARTICULATE EMISSIONS PARTICULATE MATTER PIPELINES POLLUTANTS POLLUTION CONTROL POWER GENERATION POWER PLANTS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC TRANSPORT REFINERY TRAFFIC TRANSPORT FUEL TRANSPORT SECTOR URBAN AREAS VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE EXHAUST In response to emerging epidemiological evidence of the toxicity of diesel vehicular emissions, there is growing interest in substituting conventional diesel with much cleaner natural gas in cities where ambient concentrations of particulate matter are markedly higher than what is internationally considered acceptable. This paper compares the performance of natural gas and conventional diesel buses, and outlines the barriers to the adoption of natural gas buses in developing countries. In the absence of emissions standards that effectively require natural gas, natural gas-fueled buses are unlikely to be adopted because they are more expensive to operate relative to diesel buses. The social case for replacing diesel with natural gas a fuel for buses rests on environmental grounds. If a local government decides that the reduction in air pollution associated with the substitution of conventional diesel with natural gas for use in buses is worth the cost, then it needs to adopt policies to encourage the switch to natural gas. These might include emissions standards for buses, or fuel and vehicle taxes that reflect marginal social costs. The contribution of exhaust emissions from buses to the ambient concentrations of harmful pollutants needs to be quantified so that associated health damage costs can be estimated. 2013-06-19T20:28:20Z 2013-06-19T20:28:20Z 2001-10 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/10/1652164/breathing-clean-considering-switch-natural-gas-buses 0-8213-5040-4 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14033 English en_US World Bank Technical Paper;No. 516 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank Washington, DC: World Bank Publications & Research :: Publication Publications & Research :: Publication East Asia and Pacific Europe and Central Asia Latin America & Caribbean |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ADVANCED VEHICLE AIR POLLUTION AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT AIR RESOURCES AIRBORNE PARTICLES AIRBORNE TOXINS ALTERNATIVE FUELS AMBIENT AIR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS ATMOSPHERE ATMOSPHERIC GASES AUTOMOTIVE DIESEL BIOMASS BLACK SMOKE BUS FLEET BUS INDUSTRY BUS OPERATORS CARBON CARBON DIOXIDE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION CHOICE OF FUEL CLEAN DIESEL CLEAN WATER COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS COMPRESSION IGNITION CONSTRUCTION CONVENTIONAL DIESELS DIESEL DIESEL EMISSION STANDARDS DIESEL EMISSIONS DIESEL ENGINES DIESEL PARTICULATE DIESEL PARTICULATE EMISSIONS DIESEL POWER DIESEL VEHICLES DISTRIBUTION PIPELINES DUAL-FUEL BUSES EMISSION REDUCTIONS EMISSIONS EMISSIONS REDUCTION ENGINE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY EXHAUST EMISSIONS FINE PARTICLES FOREST MANAGEMENT FUEL FUEL COMPOSITION FUEL COST FUEL COST SAVINGS FUEL ECONOMY FUEL OIL FUEL PRICE FUEL PRICES FUEL PRICING FUEL QUALITY FUEL SWITCHING FUEL TAX FUEL TAXATION GAS GAS CYLINDERS GAS DISTRIBUTION GAS ENGINES GAS INDUSTRY GAS VEHICLES GASEOUS FUEL GASEOUS FUELS GASOLINE GASOLINE CAR GASOLINE ENGINES GASOLINE VEHICLES GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION GROSS EMITTERS GROUNDWATER HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES HIGH LEVELS HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS HYDROCARBONS INTERNATIONAL NATURAL GAS LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES LIQUID FUELS LOWER EMISSIONS METHANE MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS BUS NATURAL GAS BUSES NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY NATURAL GAS PIPELINE NATURAL GAS VEHICLE OCTANE OIL OXIDES OF NITROGEN OXIDES OF SULFUR OZONE OZONE PRECURSOR PARTICLE EMISSIONS PARTICULATE EMISSIONS PARTICULATE MATTER PIPELINES POLLUTANTS POLLUTION CONTROL POWER GENERATION POWER PLANTS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC TRANSPORT REFINERY TRAFFIC TRANSPORT FUEL TRANSPORT SECTOR URBAN AREAS VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE EXHAUST |
| spellingShingle |
ADVANCED VEHICLE AIR POLLUTION AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT AIR RESOURCES AIRBORNE PARTICLES AIRBORNE TOXINS ALTERNATIVE FUELS AMBIENT AIR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS ATMOSPHERE ATMOSPHERIC GASES AUTOMOTIVE DIESEL BIOMASS BLACK SMOKE BUS FLEET BUS INDUSTRY BUS OPERATORS CARBON CARBON DIOXIDE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION CHOICE OF FUEL CLEAN DIESEL CLEAN WATER COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS COMPRESSION IGNITION CONSTRUCTION CONVENTIONAL DIESELS DIESEL DIESEL EMISSION STANDARDS DIESEL EMISSIONS DIESEL ENGINES DIESEL PARTICULATE DIESEL PARTICULATE EMISSIONS DIESEL POWER DIESEL VEHICLES DISTRIBUTION PIPELINES DUAL-FUEL BUSES EMISSION REDUCTIONS EMISSIONS EMISSIONS REDUCTION ENGINE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY EXHAUST EMISSIONS FINE PARTICLES FOREST MANAGEMENT FUEL FUEL COMPOSITION FUEL COST FUEL COST SAVINGS FUEL ECONOMY FUEL OIL FUEL PRICE FUEL PRICES FUEL PRICING FUEL QUALITY FUEL SWITCHING FUEL TAX FUEL TAXATION GAS GAS CYLINDERS GAS DISTRIBUTION GAS ENGINES GAS INDUSTRY GAS VEHICLES GASEOUS FUEL GASEOUS FUELS GASOLINE GASOLINE CAR GASOLINE ENGINES GASOLINE VEHICLES GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION GROSS EMITTERS GROUNDWATER HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES HIGH LEVELS HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS HYDROCARBONS INTERNATIONAL NATURAL GAS LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES LIQUID FUELS LOWER EMISSIONS METHANE MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS BUS NATURAL GAS BUSES NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY NATURAL GAS PIPELINE NATURAL GAS VEHICLE OCTANE OIL OXIDES OF NITROGEN OXIDES OF SULFUR OZONE OZONE PRECURSOR PARTICLE EMISSIONS PARTICULATE EMISSIONS PARTICULATE MATTER PIPELINES POLLUTANTS POLLUTION CONTROL POWER GENERATION POWER PLANTS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC TRANSPORT REFINERY TRAFFIC TRANSPORT FUEL TRANSPORT SECTOR URBAN AREAS VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE EXHAUST Kojima, Masami Breathing Clean : Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses |
| geographic_facet |
East Asia and Pacific Europe and Central Asia Latin America & Caribbean |
| relation |
World Bank Technical Paper;No. 516 |
| description |
In response to emerging epidemiological
evidence of the toxicity of diesel vehicular emissions,
there is growing interest in substituting conventional
diesel with much cleaner natural gas in cities where ambient
concentrations of particulate matter are markedly higher
than what is internationally considered acceptable. This
paper compares the performance of natural gas and
conventional diesel buses, and outlines the barriers to the
adoption of natural gas buses in developing countries. In
the absence of emissions standards that effectively require
natural gas, natural gas-fueled buses are unlikely to be
adopted because they are more expensive to operate relative
to diesel buses. The social case for replacing diesel with
natural gas a fuel for buses rests on environmental grounds.
If a local government decides that the reduction in air
pollution associated with the substitution of conventional
diesel with natural gas for use in buses is worth the cost,
then it needs to adopt policies to encourage the switch to
natural gas. These might include emissions standards for
buses, or fuel and vehicle taxes that reflect marginal
social costs. The contribution of exhaust emissions from
buses to the ambient concentrations of harmful pollutants
needs to be quantified so that associated health damage
costs can be estimated. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Publication |
| author |
Kojima, Masami |
| author_facet |
Kojima, Masami |
| author_sort |
Kojima, Masami |
| title |
Breathing Clean : Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses |
| title_short |
Breathing Clean : Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses |
| title_full |
Breathing Clean : Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses |
| title_fullStr |
Breathing Clean : Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Breathing Clean : Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses |
| title_sort |
breathing clean : considering the switch to natural gas buses |
| publisher |
Washington, DC: World Bank |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/10/1652164/breathing-clean-considering-switch-natural-gas-buses http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14033 |
| _version_ |
1764425040619634688 |