Urban Air Quality Management : Coordinating Transport, Environment, and Energy Policies in Developing Countries

Transport-related air pollution is increasingly contributing to environmental health risks in many developing country cities. The social costs of poor urban quality can be significant, making this issue an immediate priority. Long-term measures for...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Kojima, Masami, Lovei, Magda
Format:	Publication
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC: World Bank 2013
Subjects:	ABATEMENT ABATEMENT MEASURES ABRASION ADVANCED DIESEL ADVERSE EFFECTS AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY AIR RESOURCES ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES ALTERNATIVE FUELS ALTERNATIVE-FUEL VEHICLES AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS ATMOSPHERE ATMOSPHERIC LEAD CARBON CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON FUND CARBON MONOXIDE CATALYTIC CONVERTERS CHEMICALS CLEAN AIR CLEAN AIR INITIATIVES CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLEAN TRANSPORT CLEAN VEHICLES CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CO CO2 COAL COLORS COMBUSTION SOURCES COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION PATTERNS DIESEL DIESEL EMISSIONS DIESEL ENGINES DIESEL FUEL DIESEL VEHICLES ECOLOGY ECONOMIC GROWTH ELECTRIC VEHICLES ELECTRICITY EMISSIONS ABATEMENT EMISSIONS LEVELS ENERGY POLICIES ENFORCEMENT OF EMISSIONS STANDARDS ENGINE ENGINE COMPRESSION RATIO ENGINES ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISKS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS EXCHANGE RATE EXTERNALITIES FINE PARTICLES FINE PARTICULATE MATTER FISCAL POLICIES FOREST MANAGEMENT FUEL FUEL COMBUSTION FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL ECONOMY FUEL PARAMETERS FUEL QUALITY FUEL SPECIFICATIONS FUEL STANDARDS FUEL USE FUELS FUGITIVE EMISSIONS GAS DISTRIBUTION GAS DISTRIBUTION NETWORK GAS INDUSTRIES GASOLINE VEHICLES GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY GLOBAL POLLUTANTS GLOBAL POLLUTION GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GASES GROSS EMITTERS HIGH EMITTERS HUMAN HEALTH HYBRID ELECTRIC-INTERNAL COMBUSTION HYDROCARBONS IMPORTS INCOME INJECTION TIMING INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY LEADED GASOLINE LOWER EMISSIONS METHANE MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE NATURAL GAS NITROGEN NITROGEN DIOXIDE NITROGEN OXIDES NITROUS OXIDE OCTANE OIL ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OZONE PARTICULATE EMISSIONS PE PETROLEUM GAS POLICY INSTRUMENTS POLLUTION ABATEMENT POLLUTION REDUCTION POWER PLANTS PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PUBLIC TRANSPORT QUOTAS REFINERIES REFINERY RESTRICTIONS SO2 SOCIAL COSTS SOX STATIONARY SOURCES STREAM SULFUR SULFUR DIOXIDE SULFUR IN DIESEL SULFUR OXIDE SULFUR OXIDES SUSPENDED PARTICLES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TAILPIPE EMISSIONS TAXATION TRAFFIC TRAFFIC EMISSIONS TRANSPORT FUEL TRANSPORT FUELS TYPES OF VEHICLES URBAN AIR URBAN AIR POLLUTION URBAN AIR QUALITY URBAN AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTERS VEHICLE VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE EXHAUST VEHICLE EXHAUST PARTICLES VEHICLE OWNERS VEHICLE REPAIR VEHICLE USE VEHICLES VOC WASTE INCINERATION WATER PRICING
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/09/1614745/urban-air-quality-management-coordinating-transport-environment-energy-policies-developing-countries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13975

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Summary:	Transport-related air pollution is increasingly contributing to environmental health risks in many developing country cities. The social costs of poor urban quality can be significant, making this issue an immediate priority. Long-term measures for dealing with the problem include urban planning, and traffic demand management. This paper however, focuses primarily on cost-effective measures, that are feasible to implement, and that can bring measurable results in the short to medium term. There is a tendency in the environment sector, to focus narrowly on controlling emissions by importing the best available technology. Cost-effective, and sustainable solutions, however, require much broader approaches. In developing countries, improving air quality is not simply a matter of importing advanced technologies, while, choices concerning feasibility, sequencing, and timing of pollution reducing measures, have serious fiscal, and economic consequences. Thus the guiding principle for selection of strategies, should be the balancing of costs, benefits, and technical, and institutional feasibility. Monitoring, and enforcement are essential , but countries need to know the nature, and magnitude of the pollution problem, to determine the speed, and rigor with which policies should be implemented. Furthermore, pollution enforcement measures have implications on petroleum taxation, and on the tariff regime, as well as for traffic management.

Urban Air Quality Management : Coordinating Transport, Environment, and Energy Policies in Developing Countries

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