Turkmenistan : An Assessment of Leasehold-based Farm Restructuring

Turkmenistan's unique approach to land reform and farm restructuring has produced a significant shift to individual or household-based farming, with more than three-quarters of the arable land leased to individual households or small groups. M...

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Main Authors:	Lerman, Zvi, Brooks, Karen
Format:	Publication
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC: World Bank 2013
Subjects:	AGRIBUSINESS AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL INPUTS AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE ARABLE LAND AUTONOMY BALANCE SHEET BANK BANK ACCOUNTS BIOMASS CENTRAL PLANNING CIP COOPERATIVES COTTON CROP CROP PRODUCTION DEBT DEMOGRAPHICS ECOLOGY ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC REFORM ECONOMIC SITUATION ECONOMICS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMPIRICAL INFORMATION EMPLOYMENT ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE EXCHANGE RATE EXTENSION FARM FARM SIZE FARM STRUCTURES FARMER FARMERS FARMING FARMS FEED FIELD WORK FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL INTEGRATION FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS FLOUR FOREST MANAGEMENT FRUITS GENDER GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION GRAIN HARVESTING INCOME INCOME LEVELS INCOMES INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNTS INTEGRATION INVESTMENT GRANTS IRRIGATED LAND LAND OWNERSHIP LAND REFORM LAND REFORMS LAND SHARES LAND TENURE LAND TITLING LAWS LEASEHOLDS LEGAL FRAMEWORK LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS MARKET ECONOMIES MARKET MECHANISM MARKET PRICES MARKETING MEAT ORCHARDS PLANT PROTECTION PLANTATIONS PLANTING POLICY DECISIONS POLICY ENVIRONMENT POULTRY POVERTY ALLEVIATION PRIVATE OWNERSHIP PRIVATIZATION PRODUCE PRODUCERS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC SERVICES RATE OF EXCHANGE RURAL DEVELOPMENT SEEDS SOCIAL SERVICES SOIL QUALITY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TAXATION TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TOPOGRAPHY TRANSITION ECONOMIES VEGETABLES WATER PRICING WATER RESOURCES WHEAT YIELDS FARM OWNERSHIP LEASING ARRANGEMENTS RESTRUCTURING SMALL FARMS COLLECTIVE FARMS FARM TENANCY HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTIVITY CROP PRICES PRICE POLICY PRODUCTION PLANNING PRODUCTION TARGETS MARKET ACCESS LAND TRANSFERS CHOICE (ECONOMIC THEORY)
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/03/1346371/turkmenistan-assessment-leasehold-based-farm-restructuring http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13947

id	okr-10986-13947
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-139472021-04-23T14:03:10Z Turkmenistan : An Assessment of Leasehold-based Farm Restructuring Lerman, Zvi Brooks, Karen AGRIBUSINESS AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL INPUTS AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE ARABLE LAND AUTONOMY BALANCE SHEET BANK BANK ACCOUNTS BIOMASS CENTRAL PLANNING CIP COOPERATIVES COTTON CROP CROP PRODUCTION DEBT DEMOGRAPHICS ECOLOGY ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC REFORM ECONOMIC SITUATION ECONOMICS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMPIRICAL INFORMATION EMPLOYMENT ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE EXCHANGE RATE EXTENSION FARM FARM SIZE FARM STRUCTURES FARMER FARMERS FARMING FARMS FEED FIELD WORK FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL INTEGRATION FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS FLOUR FOREST MANAGEMENT FRUITS GENDER GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION GRAIN HARVESTING INCOME INCOME LEVELS INCOMES INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNTS INTEGRATION INVESTMENT GRANTS IRRIGATED LAND LAND OWNERSHIP LAND REFORM LAND REFORMS LAND SHARES LAND TENURE LAND TITLING LAWS LEASEHOLDS LEGAL FRAMEWORK LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS MARKET ECONOMIES MARKET MECHANISM MARKET PRICES MARKETING MEAT ORCHARDS PLANT PROTECTION PLANTATIONS PLANTING POLICY DECISIONS POLICY ENVIRONMENT POULTRY POVERTY ALLEVIATION PRIVATE OWNERSHIP PRIVATIZATION PRODUCE PRODUCERS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC SERVICES RATE OF EXCHANGE RURAL DEVELOPMENT SEEDS SOCIAL SERVICES SOIL QUALITY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TAXATION TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TOPOGRAPHY TRANSITION ECONOMIES VEGETABLES WATER PRICING WATER RESOURCES WHEAT YIELDS FARM OWNERSHIP LEASING ARRANGEMENTS RESTRUCTURING LAND REFORM SMALL FARMS COLLECTIVE FARMS FARM TENANCY CENTRAL PLANNING LAND OWNERSHIP HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTIVITY CROP PRICES PRICE POLICY PRODUCTION PLANNING PRODUCTION TARGETS MARKET ACCESS LAND TRANSFERS CHOICE (ECONOMIC THEORY) Turkmenistan's unique approach to land reform and farm restructuring has produced a significant shift to individual or household-based farming, with more than three-quarters of the arable land leased to individual households or small groups. Most leaseholders consider this land to be rightfully theirs, and they expect to keep it in the future, either as private owners, or through extension of their leasehold. However, individual production is administratively circumscribed by a pervasive system of state orders and central planning. The lease contracts rigidly specify the crop that each leaseholder is required to produce (typically cotton or wheat) and set a specific quantity target for delivery to the state at prices much below the level of prices on international markets. Managers and leaseholders universally express the view that the prices they receive from the state for wheat and cotton are too low, and identify the chance to sell freely at open market proces as a key factor that would improve the economic situation on farms. Both managers and leaseholders expressed enthusiasm for the reform at the time of the survey. This is a natural psychological reaction to the dramatic transition to a new system, and to avoid disillusionment, the initial change must be followed by further meaningful reforms, including abolition of state orders, transfer of land to individual control, and elimination of constraints on individual choice. 2013-06-17T14:42:33Z 2013-06-17T14:42:33Z 2001-03 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/03/1346371/turkmenistan-assessment-leasehold-based-farm-restructuring 0-8213-4931-7 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13947 English en_US World Bank Technical Paper;No. 500 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank Washington, DC: World Bank Publications & Research :: Publication Publications & Research :: Publication Europe and Central Asia Turkmenistan
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	AGRIBUSINESS AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL INPUTS AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE ARABLE LAND AUTONOMY BALANCE SHEET BANK BANK ACCOUNTS BIOMASS CENTRAL PLANNING CIP COOPERATIVES COTTON CROP CROP PRODUCTION DEBT DEMOGRAPHICS ECOLOGY ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC REFORM ECONOMIC SITUATION ECONOMICS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMPIRICAL INFORMATION EMPLOYMENT ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE EXCHANGE RATE EXTENSION FARM FARM SIZE FARM STRUCTURES FARMER FARMERS FARMING FARMS FEED FIELD WORK FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL INTEGRATION FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS FLOUR FOREST MANAGEMENT FRUITS GENDER GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION GRAIN HARVESTING INCOME INCOME LEVELS INCOMES INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNTS INTEGRATION INVESTMENT GRANTS IRRIGATED LAND LAND OWNERSHIP LAND REFORM LAND REFORMS LAND SHARES LAND TENURE LAND TITLING LAWS LEASEHOLDS LEGAL FRAMEWORK LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS MARKET ECONOMIES MARKET MECHANISM MARKET PRICES MARKETING MEAT ORCHARDS PLANT PROTECTION PLANTATIONS PLANTING POLICY DECISIONS POLICY ENVIRONMENT POULTRY POVERTY ALLEVIATION PRIVATE OWNERSHIP PRIVATIZATION PRODUCE PRODUCERS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC SERVICES RATE OF EXCHANGE RURAL DEVELOPMENT SEEDS SOCIAL SERVICES SOIL QUALITY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TAXATION TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TOPOGRAPHY TRANSITION ECONOMIES VEGETABLES WATER PRICING WATER RESOURCES WHEAT YIELDS FARM OWNERSHIP LEASING ARRANGEMENTS RESTRUCTURING LAND REFORM SMALL FARMS COLLECTIVE FARMS FARM TENANCY CENTRAL PLANNING LAND OWNERSHIP HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTIVITY CROP PRICES PRICE POLICY PRODUCTION PLANNING PRODUCTION TARGETS MARKET ACCESS LAND TRANSFERS CHOICE (ECONOMIC THEORY)
spellingShingle	AGRIBUSINESS AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL INPUTS AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE ARABLE LAND AUTONOMY BALANCE SHEET BANK BANK ACCOUNTS BIOMASS CENTRAL PLANNING CIP COOPERATIVES COTTON CROP CROP PRODUCTION DEBT DEMOGRAPHICS ECOLOGY ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC REFORM ECONOMIC SITUATION ECONOMICS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMPIRICAL INFORMATION EMPLOYMENT ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE EXCHANGE RATE EXTENSION FARM FARM SIZE FARM STRUCTURES FARMER FARMERS FARMING FARMS FEED FIELD WORK FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL INTEGRATION FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS FLOUR FOREST MANAGEMENT FRUITS GENDER GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION GRAIN HARVESTING INCOME INCOME LEVELS INCOMES INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNTS INTEGRATION INVESTMENT GRANTS IRRIGATED LAND LAND OWNERSHIP LAND REFORM LAND REFORMS LAND SHARES LAND TENURE LAND TITLING LAWS LEASEHOLDS LEGAL FRAMEWORK LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS MARKET ECONOMIES MARKET MECHANISM MARKET PRICES MARKETING MEAT ORCHARDS PLANT PROTECTION PLANTATIONS PLANTING POLICY DECISIONS POLICY ENVIRONMENT POULTRY POVERTY ALLEVIATION PRIVATE OWNERSHIP PRIVATIZATION PRODUCE PRODUCERS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC SERVICES RATE OF EXCHANGE RURAL DEVELOPMENT SEEDS SOCIAL SERVICES SOIL QUALITY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TAXATION TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TOPOGRAPHY TRANSITION ECONOMIES VEGETABLES WATER PRICING WATER RESOURCES WHEAT YIELDS FARM OWNERSHIP LEASING ARRANGEMENTS RESTRUCTURING LAND REFORM SMALL FARMS COLLECTIVE FARMS FARM TENANCY CENTRAL PLANNING LAND OWNERSHIP HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTIVITY CROP PRICES PRICE POLICY PRODUCTION PLANNING PRODUCTION TARGETS MARKET ACCESS LAND TRANSFERS CHOICE (ECONOMIC THEORY) Lerman, Zvi Brooks, Karen Turkmenistan : An Assessment of Leasehold-based Farm Restructuring
geographic_facet	Europe and Central Asia Turkmenistan
relation	World Bank Technical Paper;No. 500
description	Turkmenistan's unique approach to land reform and farm restructuring has produced a significant shift to individual or household-based farming, with more than three-quarters of the arable land leased to individual households or small groups. Most leaseholders consider this land to be rightfully theirs, and they expect to keep it in the future, either as private owners, or through extension of their leasehold. However, individual production is administratively circumscribed by a pervasive system of state orders and central planning. The lease contracts rigidly specify the crop that each leaseholder is required to produce (typically cotton or wheat) and set a specific quantity target for delivery to the state at prices much below the level of prices on international markets. Managers and leaseholders universally express the view that the prices they receive from the state for wheat and cotton are too low, and identify the chance to sell freely at open market proces as a key factor that would improve the economic situation on farms. Both managers and leaseholders expressed enthusiasm for the reform at the time of the survey. This is a natural psychological reaction to the dramatic transition to a new system, and to avoid disillusionment, the initial change must be followed by further meaningful reforms, including abolition of state orders, transfer of land to individual control, and elimination of constraints on individual choice.
format	Publications & Research :: Publication
author	Lerman, Zvi Brooks, Karen
author_facet	Lerman, Zvi Brooks, Karen
author_sort	Lerman, Zvi
title	Turkmenistan : An Assessment of Leasehold-based Farm Restructuring
title_short	Turkmenistan : An Assessment of Leasehold-based Farm Restructuring
title_full	Turkmenistan : An Assessment of Leasehold-based Farm Restructuring
title_fullStr	Turkmenistan : An Assessment of Leasehold-based Farm Restructuring
title_full_unstemmed	Turkmenistan : An Assessment of Leasehold-based Farm Restructuring
title_sort	turkmenistan : an assessment of leasehold-based farm restructuring
publisher	Washington, DC: World Bank
publishDate	2013
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/03/1346371/turkmenistan-assessment-leasehold-based-farm-restructuring http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13947
_version_	1764424840848080896

Turkmenistan : An Assessment of Leasehold-based Farm Restructuring

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