Carrots and Sticks : The Political Economy of Nutrition Policy Reforms

The World Bank and other development partners have been involved in the implementation of nutrition programs for over 30 years. While a number of these programs have become successful and sustainable large-scale operations, many others have been hi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Natalicchio, Marcela, Garrett, James, Mulder-Sibanda, Menno, Ndegwa, Steve, Voorbraak, Doris
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2013
Subjects:	ACCOUNTABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY MEASURES ADVOCACY EFFORTS AGRICULTURE ASSETS BANKS BREAST-FEEDING CAPACITY BUILDING CHILD DEVELOPMENT CHILD SURVIVAL CITIZEN CITIZENS CIVIL SERVANTS CIVIL SOCIETY CIVIL SOCIETY ACTORS CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS COMMUNITY BUILDING CONFIDENCE CORRUPT DECENTRALIZATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DISCRETION ECONOMIC GROWTH EFFECTIVE POLICIES ELDERLY EMERGENCY SITUATIONS ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS EQUIPMENT EXISTING CAPACITY FISHERIES FOOD SECURITY GOOD GOVERNANCE HEALTH POLICY HEALTH REFORM HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SECTOR REFORM HEALTH SYSTEMS HEALTH WORKERS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN NUTRITION HUMAN RIGHTS IMPACT OF POLICIES INFORMATION SYSTEM INITIATIVE INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY INSTITUTIONALIZATION INTEGRATION INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON WOMEN INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUTRITION INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE IRON ISOLATION LAWS LEADERSHIP LIVESTOCK LOBBYING LOCAL COMMUNITIES LOCAL GOVERNMENTS MEDIA MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MINISTER MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MINISTRY OF HEALTH MODERNIZATION NATIONAL COMMITTEE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL POLICY NATIONAL POLICY MAKERS NATIONALS NATURAL RESOURCES NGOS NUTRITION NUTRITION POLICIES NUTRITION PROGRAMS NUTRITIONISTS PARADIGM SHIFT PATRONAGE PERSONAL COMMITMENT PERSONAL COMMUNICATION PERSONALITY PLANS OF ACTION POLICY ANALYST POLICY CHANGE POLICY DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIALOGUE POLICY DOCUMENT POLICY FORMULATION POLICY GOALS POLICY PROCESS POLICY PROCESSES POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ACTION POLITICAL CHANGE POLITICAL LEADERS POLITICAL POWER POLITICAL PROCESS POLITICAL SUPPORT POLITICAL SYSTEMS POLITICAL TURMOIL POLITICIANS POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY POWER RELATIONS PRACTITIONERS PRIVATE SECTOR PROGRESS PUBLIC ATTENTION PUBLIC FUNDS PUBLIC OFFICIALS PUBLIC SERVICE QUALITY OF SERVICES REMEDIES REMEDY RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS RESPECT RURAL COMMUNITIES SANCTION SANCTIONS SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE PROVIDERS SOCIAL MARKETING SOCIAL SECTOR SPONSORS SUSTAINABLE FINANCING TECHNICAL CAPACITY WARS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2009/02/10496012/carrots-sticks-political-economy-nutrition-policy-reforms http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13746

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Summary:	The World Bank and other development partners have been involved in the implementation of nutrition programs for over 30 years. While a number of these programs have become successful and sustainable large-scale operations, many others have been hindered by political and administrative obstacles. The disparate results of these nutrition programs suggest that generating technically sound knowledge about nutrition and providing it to policymakers is not enough to ensure good results. It is also crucial to understand the political context, and the constraints and motivations of politicians, public officials, and other relevant players to initiate, implement, and sustain sound policies. In May 2007 the World Bank held an international workshop on these issues to help increase the impact of nutrition programs and policies at the country level. This paper summarizes the results of that workshop. Drawing from the political economy literature, it presents two frameworks for understanding how to undertake action to put nutrition on the agenda and move it forward, as well as insights on how and why political factors derail reforms and how to keep that from happening. These frameworks are accompanied by a discussion of the politics of nutrition policies, including typical obstacles to policy development and implementation, and possible solutions. To complement the political economy approach, the paper also draws on the insights that management and organizational fields offer regarding change promotion. Experiences from Senegal, Madagascar, Ghana, Tanzania, Benin, and India are discussed, sketching out the history of nutrition policies and the factors that promoted change, main obstacles and challenges. The paper closes with an attempt to encapsulate all elements presented in a single analytical framework, and provides plans of action for specific countries as prepared by some of the participants.

Carrots and Sticks : The Political Economy of Nutrition Policy Reforms

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