The Pharmaceutical Sector of the Western Balkan Countries
There is a strong political will in the Western Balkan states to align the region's pharmaceutical legislation and practice with that of the European Union. Accordingly, recent policy changes were aimed at harmonization of policies with other...
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2013
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/02/9071523/pharmaceutical-sector-western-balkan-countries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13736 |
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okr-10986-13736 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ABUSE ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCOUNTABILITY ACTIVE INGREDIENTS AGING AGING POPULATIONS BIDDING BIOLOGICALS BRAND BRANDS BUDGETING CANCER CAPACITY BUILDING CERTIFICATION CIF CITIES CITIZENS CLINICAL TRIALS COMMERCE CONSUMER PRICES CORRUPTION COST INCREASES COUNTERFEIT DRUGS DECISION MAKING DISEASES DISTRIBUTION MARGINS DOCTORS DOMESTIC MANUFACTURERS DOSAGE FORMS DRUG FINANCING DRUG INDUSTRY DRUG POLICIES DRUG PRICES DRUGS EQUAL TREATMENT EQUITABLE ACCESS ESSENTIAL DRUGS ESSENTIAL MEDICINES EXPENDITURES FRAUD GENERIC DRUGS GMP GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES GROSS NATIONAL INCOME HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE COSTS HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURES HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH EXPENDITURE HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH FINANCING HEALTH INSTITUTIONS HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH PROVIDERS HEALTH RISKS HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SERVICE HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SPECIALIST HEALTH SYSTEMS HOSPITAL HOSPITALS HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HR HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES ILLNESSES INFLATION INSULIN INTEGRATION INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE LABORATORIES LAWS LIFE EXPECTANCY LIMITED RESOURCES LOCAL MANUFACTURERS MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS MARKET RESEARCH MARKET SHARE MARKETING MEDICATION MEDICINE MEDICINES MINISTRIES OF HEALTH MINISTRY OF HEALTH NATIONAL DRUG NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE NUMBER OF PEOPLE NUTRITION ORPHANS PATIENT PATIENTS PAYMENT TERMS PHARMACEUTICAL PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES PHARMACEUTICAL DISTRIBUTION PHARMACEUTICAL EXPENDITURE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY PHARMACEUTICAL LEGISLATION PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURERS PHARMACEUTICAL POLICY PHARMACEUTICAL PRICES PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES PHARMACEUTICAL SYSTEMS PHARMACEUTICALS PHARMACIES PHARMACISTS PHARMACOECONOMIC ANALYSIS PHARMACY PHARMACY ASSISTANTS PHARMACY SCHOOLS PHYSICIAN PHYSICIANS POLICY DECISIONS POLICY MAKERS POLITICAL CHANGE POLITICAL SUPPORT POOLED PROCUREMENT POPULATION GROWTH PRESCRIPTIONS PRICE CEILINGS PRICE COMPARISON PRICE COMPARISONS PRICE COMPETITION PRICE CONTROLS PRICE LEVEL PRICE LEVELS PRICE REGULATION PRICING SCHEMES PRIVATE PHARMACIES PROGRESS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH INSURANCE PUBLIC PHARMACIES PUBLIC PHARMACY PURCHASING PURCHASING POWER QUALITY CONTROL QUALITY OF CARE RATIONAL USE OF DRUGS REBATES RESOURCE ALLOCATION RETAIL RETAIL PHARMACIES RETAIL PRICE RETAIL PRICES RURAL AREAS SALE SALES SERVICE QUALITY SOCIAL STATUS STATE UNIVERSITY SUPPLY CHAIN TABLETS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TOTAL SALES TRANSPORT COSTS UNEMPLOYMENT UNIVERSAL AVAILABILITY URBAN AREAS VACCINES VULNERABILITY VULNERABLE GROUPS WAR WESTERN EUROPE WHOLESALE PRICE WHOLESALER WHOLESALERS WORKING CONDITIONS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION |
| spellingShingle |
ABUSE ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCOUNTABILITY ACTIVE INGREDIENTS AGING AGING POPULATIONS BIDDING BIOLOGICALS BRAND BRANDS BUDGETING CANCER CAPACITY BUILDING CERTIFICATION CIF CITIES CITIZENS CLINICAL TRIALS COMMERCE CONSUMER PRICES CORRUPTION COST INCREASES COUNTERFEIT DRUGS DECISION MAKING DISEASES DISTRIBUTION MARGINS DOCTORS DOMESTIC MANUFACTURERS DOSAGE FORMS DRUG FINANCING DRUG INDUSTRY DRUG POLICIES DRUG PRICES DRUGS EQUAL TREATMENT EQUITABLE ACCESS ESSENTIAL DRUGS ESSENTIAL MEDICINES EXPENDITURES FRAUD GENERIC DRUGS GMP GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES GROSS NATIONAL INCOME HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE COSTS HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURES HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH EXPENDITURE HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH FINANCING HEALTH INSTITUTIONS HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH PROVIDERS HEALTH RISKS HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SERVICE HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SPECIALIST HEALTH SYSTEMS HOSPITAL HOSPITALS HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HR HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES ILLNESSES INFLATION INSULIN INTEGRATION INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE LABORATORIES LAWS LIFE EXPECTANCY LIMITED RESOURCES LOCAL MANUFACTURERS MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS MARKET RESEARCH MARKET SHARE MARKETING MEDICATION MEDICINE MEDICINES MINISTRIES OF HEALTH MINISTRY OF HEALTH NATIONAL DRUG NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE NUMBER OF PEOPLE NUTRITION ORPHANS PATIENT PATIENTS PAYMENT TERMS PHARMACEUTICAL PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES PHARMACEUTICAL DISTRIBUTION PHARMACEUTICAL EXPENDITURE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY PHARMACEUTICAL LEGISLATION PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURERS PHARMACEUTICAL POLICY PHARMACEUTICAL PRICES PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES PHARMACEUTICAL SYSTEMS PHARMACEUTICALS PHARMACIES PHARMACISTS PHARMACOECONOMIC ANALYSIS PHARMACY PHARMACY ASSISTANTS PHARMACY SCHOOLS PHYSICIAN PHYSICIANS POLICY DECISIONS POLICY MAKERS POLITICAL CHANGE POLITICAL SUPPORT POOLED PROCUREMENT POPULATION GROWTH PRESCRIPTIONS PRICE CEILINGS PRICE COMPARISON PRICE COMPARISONS PRICE COMPETITION PRICE CONTROLS PRICE LEVEL PRICE LEVELS PRICE REGULATION PRICING SCHEMES PRIVATE PHARMACIES PROGRESS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH INSURANCE PUBLIC PHARMACIES PUBLIC PHARMACY PURCHASING PURCHASING POWER QUALITY CONTROL QUALITY OF CARE RATIONAL USE OF DRUGS REBATES RESOURCE ALLOCATION RETAIL RETAIL PHARMACIES RETAIL PRICE RETAIL PRICES RURAL AREAS SALE SALES SERVICE QUALITY SOCIAL STATUS STATE UNIVERSITY SUPPLY CHAIN TABLETS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TOTAL SALES TRANSPORT COSTS UNEMPLOYMENT UNIVERSAL AVAILABILITY URBAN AREAS VACCINES VULNERABILITY VULNERABLE GROUPS WAR WESTERN EUROPE WHOLESALE PRICE WHOLESALER WHOLESALERS WORKING CONDITIONS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Imasheva, Aizhan Seiter, Andreas The Pharmaceutical Sector of the Western Balkan Countries |
| geographic_facet |
Europe and Central Asia Eastern Europe |
| relation |
HNP discussion paper series; |
| description |
There is a strong political will in the
Western Balkan states to align the region's
pharmaceutical legislation and practice with that of the
European Union. Accordingly, recent policy changes were
aimed at harmonization of policies with other European
countries. Several national drug laws were updated or
completely re-written in the last several years. More
specifically, provisions were made for the simplification of
drug registration requirements, licensing of professionals
and businesses in the sector, implementation of ethics
standards, price controls and reimbursement of drugs through
national health insurance systems. Countries in the region
have introduced various measures for cost containment,
mostly through positive lists with various co-payment levels
or expenditure caps for prescribing physicians. Some
institutional buyers are using pooled procurement with open
tenders to ensure lower prices. Nevertheless, there are
still a number of challenges such as lack of enforcement of
rules and standards, limited access to drugs for low income
populations, inefficiencies in resource allocation and in
the distribution chain, lack of control over physicians
prescribing behavior and occasional conflicts between public
health and industrial policy objectives. For the foreseeable
future, there will be a need for further capacity building
in the pharmaceutical sector, with a focus on increased
oversight and higher professional standards, more efficient
use of limited public resources, equity of access and
rational use of medicines. Nevertheless, drug expenditure is
set to grow in this region as it did in other countries in
Eastern Europe, typically at a rate of about twice GDP
growth, due to inevitable factors such as innovation, aging
populations, increasing incomes and better access to healthcare. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Working Paper |
| author |
Imasheva, Aizhan Seiter, Andreas |
| author_facet |
Imasheva, Aizhan Seiter, Andreas |
| author_sort |
Imasheva, Aizhan |
| title |
The Pharmaceutical Sector of the Western Balkan Countries |
| title_short |
The Pharmaceutical Sector of the Western Balkan Countries |
| title_full |
The Pharmaceutical Sector of the Western Balkan Countries |
| title_fullStr |
The Pharmaceutical Sector of the Western Balkan Countries |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Pharmaceutical Sector of the Western Balkan Countries |
| title_sort |
pharmaceutical sector of the western balkan countries |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/02/9071523/pharmaceutical-sector-western-balkan-countries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13736 |
| _version_ |
1764424057229410304 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-137362021-04-23T14:03:09Z The Pharmaceutical Sector of the Western Balkan Countries Imasheva, Aizhan Seiter, Andreas ABUSE ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCOUNTABILITY ACTIVE INGREDIENTS AGING AGING POPULATIONS BIDDING BIOLOGICALS BRAND BRANDS BUDGETING CANCER CAPACITY BUILDING CERTIFICATION CIF CITIES CITIZENS CLINICAL TRIALS COMMERCE CONSUMER PRICES CORRUPTION COST INCREASES COUNTERFEIT DRUGS DECISION MAKING DISEASES DISTRIBUTION MARGINS DOCTORS DOMESTIC MANUFACTURERS DOSAGE FORMS DRUG FINANCING DRUG INDUSTRY DRUG POLICIES DRUG PRICES DRUGS EQUAL TREATMENT EQUITABLE ACCESS ESSENTIAL DRUGS ESSENTIAL MEDICINES EXPENDITURES FRAUD GENERIC DRUGS GMP GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES GROSS NATIONAL INCOME HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE COSTS HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURES HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH EXPENDITURE HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH FINANCING HEALTH INSTITUTIONS HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH PROVIDERS HEALTH RISKS HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SERVICE HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SPECIALIST HEALTH SYSTEMS HOSPITAL HOSPITALS HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HR HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES ILLNESSES INFLATION INSULIN INTEGRATION INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE LABORATORIES LAWS LIFE EXPECTANCY LIMITED RESOURCES LOCAL MANUFACTURERS MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS MARKET RESEARCH MARKET SHARE MARKETING MEDICATION MEDICINE MEDICINES MINISTRIES OF HEALTH MINISTRY OF HEALTH NATIONAL DRUG NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE NUMBER OF PEOPLE NUTRITION ORPHANS PATIENT PATIENTS PAYMENT TERMS PHARMACEUTICAL PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES PHARMACEUTICAL DISTRIBUTION PHARMACEUTICAL EXPENDITURE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY PHARMACEUTICAL LEGISLATION PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURERS PHARMACEUTICAL POLICY PHARMACEUTICAL PRICES PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES PHARMACEUTICAL SYSTEMS PHARMACEUTICALS PHARMACIES PHARMACISTS PHARMACOECONOMIC ANALYSIS PHARMACY PHARMACY ASSISTANTS PHARMACY SCHOOLS PHYSICIAN PHYSICIANS POLICY DECISIONS POLICY MAKERS POLITICAL CHANGE POLITICAL SUPPORT POOLED PROCUREMENT POPULATION GROWTH PRESCRIPTIONS PRICE CEILINGS PRICE COMPARISON PRICE COMPARISONS PRICE COMPETITION PRICE CONTROLS PRICE LEVEL PRICE LEVELS PRICE REGULATION PRICING SCHEMES PRIVATE PHARMACIES PROGRESS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH INSURANCE PUBLIC PHARMACIES PUBLIC PHARMACY PURCHASING PURCHASING POWER QUALITY CONTROL QUALITY OF CARE RATIONAL USE OF DRUGS REBATES RESOURCE ALLOCATION RETAIL RETAIL PHARMACIES RETAIL PRICE RETAIL PRICES RURAL AREAS SALE SALES SERVICE QUALITY SOCIAL STATUS STATE UNIVERSITY SUPPLY CHAIN TABLETS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TOTAL SALES TRANSPORT COSTS UNEMPLOYMENT UNIVERSAL AVAILABILITY URBAN AREAS VACCINES VULNERABILITY VULNERABLE GROUPS WAR WESTERN EUROPE WHOLESALE PRICE WHOLESALER WHOLESALERS WORKING CONDITIONS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION There is a strong political will in the Western Balkan states to align the region's pharmaceutical legislation and practice with that of the European Union. Accordingly, recent policy changes were aimed at harmonization of policies with other European countries. Several national drug laws were updated or completely re-written in the last several years. More specifically, provisions were made for the simplification of drug registration requirements, licensing of professionals and businesses in the sector, implementation of ethics standards, price controls and reimbursement of drugs through national health insurance systems. Countries in the region have introduced various measures for cost containment, mostly through positive lists with various co-payment levels or expenditure caps for prescribing physicians. Some institutional buyers are using pooled procurement with open tenders to ensure lower prices. Nevertheless, there are still a number of challenges such as lack of enforcement of rules and standards, limited access to drugs for low income populations, inefficiencies in resource allocation and in the distribution chain, lack of control over physicians prescribing behavior and occasional conflicts between public health and industrial policy objectives. For the foreseeable future, there will be a need for further capacity building in the pharmaceutical sector, with a focus on increased oversight and higher professional standards, more efficient use of limited public resources, equity of access and rational use of medicines. Nevertheless, drug expenditure is set to grow in this region as it did in other countries in Eastern Europe, typically at a rate of about twice GDP growth, due to inevitable factors such as innovation, aging populations, increasing incomes and better access to healthcare. 2013-06-04T19:38:51Z 2013-06-04T19:38:51Z 2008-02 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/02/9071523/pharmaceutical-sector-western-balkan-countries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13736 English en_US HNP discussion paper series; CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Working Paper Publications & Research Europe and Central Asia Eastern Europe |