How Can Disease Control Program Contribute to Health System Strengthening in Sub-Saharan Africa : A Concept Note for Engaging in the Global Debates on Health Systems Strengthening

Recently, there has been broad consensus in the global health community on the need for health systems strengthening (HSS) to make further progress toward the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is still divergence on how HSS should be framed, what HSS practic...

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Main Authors: Damme, Wim Van, Pirard, Marjan, Assefa, Yibeltal, Van Olmen, Josefien
Format: Working Paper
Language:English
en_US
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2013
Subjects:
HIV
TB
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2010/06/16565484/can-disease-control-program-contribute-health-system-strengthening-sub-saharan-africa-concept-note-engaging-global-debates-health-systems-strengthening
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13611
id okr-10986-13611
recordtype oai_dc
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
en_US
topic ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES
ANTENATAL CARE
APPENDICITIS
BIG CITIES
BLUEPRINT
BREASTFEEDING
BURDEN OF DISEASE
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
CATASTROPHIC HEALTH EXPENDITURE
CHILD BIRTH
CHILD SURVIVAL
CHILDHOOD ILLNESS
CHILDHOOD VACCINATION
CITIES
CITIZENS
CLINICAL SERVICES
CLINICS
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
COMMUNITY CLINICS
COMMUNITY HEALTH
COUNSELING
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DIABETES
DIAGNOSES
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
DIARRHEA
DISEASE CONTROL
DISEASE PATTERNS
DISEASE PREVENTION
DRUGS
EMERGENCY OBSTETRIC CARE
ESSENTIAL MEDICINES
FAMILIES
FAMILY PLANNING
FIGHT AGAINST POVERTY
FINANCIAL INCENTIVE
FINANCIAL INCENTIVES
FINANCIAL PROTECTION
GENERAL HEALTH SYSTEM
GLOBAL HEALTH
GOOD GOVERNANCE
HEALTH AUTHORITIES
HEALTH BUDGETS
HEALTH CARE DELIVERY
HEALTH CARE FINANCING
HEALTH CARE SERVICES
HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
HEALTH CARE WORKERS
HEALTH CENTERS
HEALTH CENTRE
HEALTH DELIVERY
HEALTH EXPENDITURE
HEALTH FACILITIES
HEALTH FINANCING
HEALTH FINANCING SYSTEM
HEALTH FOR ALL
HEALTH INFORMATION
HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM
HEALTH INITIATIVES
HEALTH INSTITUTIONS
HEALTH INSURANCE
HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
HEALTH MANAGEMENT
HEALTH ORGANIZATION
HEALTH OUTCOMES
HEALTH POLICY
HEALTH POSTS
HEALTH PROBLEMS
HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
HEALTH PROGRAMS
HEALTH PROMOTION
HEALTH SECTOR
HEALTH SERVICE
HEALTH SERVICE DELIVERY
HEALTH SERVICES
HEALTH SYSTEM
HEALTH SYSTEM FINANCING
HEALTH SYSTEM STRENGTHENING
HEALTH SYSTEMS
HEALTH SYSTEMS STRENGTHENING
HEALTH WORKERS
HEALTH WORKFORCE
HEALTH ­ EDUCATION
HEPATITIS
HEPATITIS B
HIGH DISEASE BURDEN
HIV
HIV PREVENTION
HIV/AIDS
HOME CARE
HOSPITAL
HOSPITAL BEDS
HOSPITAL SERVICES
HOSPITALIZATION
HOSPITALIZATIONS
HOSPITALS
HOUSEHOLD LEVEL
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
HUMAN RESOURCES
ILLNESS
IMMUNIZATION
IMMUNIZATIONS
IMPROVEMENT OF HEALTH
INCOME
INDIVIDUAL HEALTH
INEQUITIES
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
INFORMED CHOICE
INSURANCE
INSURANCE SYSTEMS
INTEGRATION
INTERVENTION
LABOR FORCE
LABOR MARKET
LABORATORY SERVICES
LAWS
LEPROSY
LOCAL HEALTH SYSTEMS
LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES
MALARIA
MALARIA CASES
MALARIA CONTROL
MANAGED CARE
MATERNAL HEALTH
MATERNAL HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
MEASLES
MEDICAL ATTENTION
MEDICAL CARE
MEDICAL SUPPLIES
MEDICINES
MIDWIFES
MIGRATION
MILLENNIUM DECLARATION
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
MOTHER
MOTHER TO CHILD
MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION
NATIONAL HEALTH
NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY
NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM
NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEMS
NATIONAL LEVEL
NATURE OF HEALTH
NEGATIVE EFFECTS
NEWBORN
NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES
NURSES
NUTRITION
OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS
PARTICULAR COUNTRY
PATIENT
PATIENT INFORMATION
PATIENTS
PERSONAL CHOICE
PERSONAL HEALTH
PHARMACEUTICALS
PHARMACIES
PHARMACY
PNEUMONIA
POCKET PAYMENTS
POLICY GUIDANCE
POLICY MAKERS
POLIO
POLIO ERADICATION
POSITIVE SPILLOVERS
PREGNANCY
PREGNANT WOMEN
PREPAYMENT SCHEMES
PRIMARY CARE
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
PROGRESS
PUBLIC HEALTH
PUBLIC HEALTH CARE
PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM
PUBLIC SECTOR
PUBLIC SERVICES
QUALITY CARE
QUALITY CONTROL
QUALITY OF CARE
REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS
RESOURCE ALLOCATION
RESOURCE MOBILIZATION
ROTAVIRUS
RULE OF LAW
RURAL AREAS
SAFE DRINKING WATER
SANITATION
SCHISTOSOMIASIS
SERVICE PROVIDERS
SKILLED ATTENDANT
SKILLED ATTENDANTS
SOCIAL GROUP
SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE
SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
SOCIAL JUSTICE
SOCIAL SECTORS
SOCIAL SECURITY
SOCIAL SERVICES
SOCIAL WORKERS
SPILLOVER
SUPPLY SYSTEMS
SURGERY
SYMPTOM
TB
TB CONTROL
TETANUS
THERAPY
TRADITIONAL HEALERS
TREATMENT
TROPICAL DISEASES
TROPICAL MEDICINE
TRYPANOSOMIASIS
TUBERCULOSIS
UNIVERSAL ACCESS
URBAN AREAS
VACCINATION
VACCINATIONS
VACCINE
VACCINES
VISION
WORKERS
WORKING CONDITIONS
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
spellingShingle ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES
ANTENATAL CARE
APPENDICITIS
BIG CITIES
BLUEPRINT
BREASTFEEDING
BURDEN OF DISEASE
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
CATASTROPHIC HEALTH EXPENDITURE
CHILD BIRTH
CHILD SURVIVAL
CHILDHOOD ILLNESS
CHILDHOOD VACCINATION
CITIES
CITIZENS
CLINICAL SERVICES
CLINICS
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
COMMUNITY CLINICS
COMMUNITY HEALTH
COUNSELING
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DIABETES
DIAGNOSES
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
DIARRHEA
DISEASE CONTROL
DISEASE PATTERNS
DISEASE PREVENTION
DRUGS
EMERGENCY OBSTETRIC CARE
ESSENTIAL MEDICINES
FAMILIES
FAMILY PLANNING
FIGHT AGAINST POVERTY
FINANCIAL INCENTIVE
FINANCIAL INCENTIVES
FINANCIAL PROTECTION
GENERAL HEALTH SYSTEM
GLOBAL HEALTH
GOOD GOVERNANCE
HEALTH AUTHORITIES
HEALTH BUDGETS
HEALTH CARE DELIVERY
HEALTH CARE FINANCING
HEALTH CARE SERVICES
HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
HEALTH CARE WORKERS
HEALTH CENTERS
HEALTH CENTRE
HEALTH DELIVERY
HEALTH EXPENDITURE
HEALTH FACILITIES
HEALTH FINANCING
HEALTH FINANCING SYSTEM
HEALTH FOR ALL
HEALTH INFORMATION
HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM
HEALTH INITIATIVES
HEALTH INSTITUTIONS
HEALTH INSURANCE
HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
HEALTH MANAGEMENT
HEALTH ORGANIZATION
HEALTH OUTCOMES
HEALTH POLICY
HEALTH POSTS
HEALTH PROBLEMS
HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
HEALTH PROGRAMS
HEALTH PROMOTION
HEALTH SECTOR
HEALTH SERVICE
HEALTH SERVICE DELIVERY
HEALTH SERVICES
HEALTH SYSTEM
HEALTH SYSTEM FINANCING
HEALTH SYSTEM STRENGTHENING
HEALTH SYSTEMS
HEALTH SYSTEMS STRENGTHENING
HEALTH WORKERS
HEALTH WORKFORCE
HEALTH ­ EDUCATION
HEPATITIS
HEPATITIS B
HIGH DISEASE BURDEN
HIV
HIV PREVENTION
HIV/AIDS
HOME CARE
HOSPITAL
HOSPITAL BEDS
HOSPITAL SERVICES
HOSPITALIZATION
HOSPITALIZATIONS
HOSPITALS
HOUSEHOLD LEVEL
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
HUMAN RESOURCES
ILLNESS
IMMUNIZATION
IMMUNIZATIONS
IMPROVEMENT OF HEALTH
INCOME
INDIVIDUAL HEALTH
INEQUITIES
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
INFORMED CHOICE
INSURANCE
INSURANCE SYSTEMS
INTEGRATION
INTERVENTION
LABOR FORCE
LABOR MARKET
LABORATORY SERVICES
LAWS
LEPROSY
LOCAL HEALTH SYSTEMS
LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES
MALARIA
MALARIA CASES
MALARIA CONTROL
MANAGED CARE
MATERNAL HEALTH
MATERNAL HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
MEASLES
MEDICAL ATTENTION
MEDICAL CARE
MEDICAL SUPPLIES
MEDICINES
MIDWIFES
MIGRATION
MILLENNIUM DECLARATION
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
MOTHER
MOTHER TO CHILD
MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION
NATIONAL HEALTH
NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY
NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM
NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEMS
NATIONAL LEVEL
NATURE OF HEALTH
NEGATIVE EFFECTS
NEWBORN
NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES
NURSES
NUTRITION
OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS
PARTICULAR COUNTRY
PATIENT
PATIENT INFORMATION
PATIENTS
PERSONAL CHOICE
PERSONAL HEALTH
PHARMACEUTICALS
PHARMACIES
PHARMACY
PNEUMONIA
POCKET PAYMENTS
POLICY GUIDANCE
POLICY MAKERS
POLIO
POLIO ERADICATION
POSITIVE SPILLOVERS
PREGNANCY
PREGNANT WOMEN
PREPAYMENT SCHEMES
PRIMARY CARE
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
PROGRESS
PUBLIC HEALTH
PUBLIC HEALTH CARE
PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM
PUBLIC SECTOR
PUBLIC SERVICES
QUALITY CARE
QUALITY CONTROL
QUALITY OF CARE
REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS
RESOURCE ALLOCATION
RESOURCE MOBILIZATION
ROTAVIRUS
RULE OF LAW
RURAL AREAS
SAFE DRINKING WATER
SANITATION
SCHISTOSOMIASIS
SERVICE PROVIDERS
SKILLED ATTENDANT
SKILLED ATTENDANTS
SOCIAL GROUP
SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE
SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
SOCIAL JUSTICE
SOCIAL SECTORS
SOCIAL SECURITY
SOCIAL SERVICES
SOCIAL WORKERS
SPILLOVER
SUPPLY SYSTEMS
SURGERY
SYMPTOM
TB
TB CONTROL
TETANUS
THERAPY
TRADITIONAL HEALERS
TREATMENT
TROPICAL DISEASES
TROPICAL MEDICINE
TRYPANOSOMIASIS
TUBERCULOSIS
UNIVERSAL ACCESS
URBAN AREAS
VACCINATION
VACCINATIONS
VACCINE
VACCINES
VISION
WORKERS
WORKING CONDITIONS
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
Damme, Wim Van
Pirard, Marjan
Assefa, Yibeltal
Van Olmen, Josefien
How Can Disease Control Program Contribute to Health System Strengthening in Sub-Saharan Africa : A Concept Note for Engaging in the Global Debates on Health Systems Strengthening
geographic_facet Sub-Saharan Africa
relation Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) discussion paper;
description Recently, there has been broad consensus in the global health community on the need for health systems strengthening (HSS) to make further progress toward the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is still divergence on how HSS should be framed, what HSS practically entails, and how it should be done. We set out to clarify HSS for managers of disease control programs (DCPs). In September 2000, the United Nations created a new movement in the fight against poverty: 189 countries in the General Assembly expressed their commitment to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in the Millennium Declaration (World Health Organization 2004). The recognition of health as one of the key determinants of human development is translated in three health-related MDGs. MDG 4 and 5 focus respectively on children and women as priority target groups, and MDG 6 focuses on priority diseases (HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other major diseases), representing the bulk of the disease burden in low-income countries. In section two, the author first focuses on how national health systems can be understood, with their strengthening in mind, with a special focus on service delivery and on its pluralistic nature. In section three, the author uses the Anna Karenina principle to explain an approach to health systems assessment at the national level. Finally, in section four, the author develops an approach on how Disease Control Program (DCP) can contribute to Health systems Strengthening (HSS) at country level.
format Publications & Research :: Working Paper
author Damme, Wim Van
Pirard, Marjan
Assefa, Yibeltal
Van Olmen, Josefien
author_facet Damme, Wim Van
Pirard, Marjan
Assefa, Yibeltal
Van Olmen, Josefien
author_sort Damme, Wim Van
title How Can Disease Control Program Contribute to Health System Strengthening in Sub-Saharan Africa : A Concept Note for Engaging in the Global Debates on Health Systems Strengthening
title_short How Can Disease Control Program Contribute to Health System Strengthening in Sub-Saharan Africa : A Concept Note for Engaging in the Global Debates on Health Systems Strengthening
title_full How Can Disease Control Program Contribute to Health System Strengthening in Sub-Saharan Africa : A Concept Note for Engaging in the Global Debates on Health Systems Strengthening
title_fullStr How Can Disease Control Program Contribute to Health System Strengthening in Sub-Saharan Africa : A Concept Note for Engaging in the Global Debates on Health Systems Strengthening
title_full_unstemmed How Can Disease Control Program Contribute to Health System Strengthening in Sub-Saharan Africa : A Concept Note for Engaging in the Global Debates on Health Systems Strengthening
title_sort how can disease control program contribute to health system strengthening in sub-saharan africa : a concept note for engaging in the global debates on health systems strengthening
publisher World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate 2013
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2010/06/16565484/can-disease-control-program-contribute-health-system-strengthening-sub-saharan-africa-concept-note-engaging-global-debates-health-systems-strengthening
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13611
_version_ 1764423911810793472
spelling okr-10986-136112021-04-23T14:03:09Z How Can Disease Control Program Contribute to Health System Strengthening in Sub-Saharan Africa : A Concept Note for Engaging in the Global Debates on Health Systems Strengthening Damme, Wim Van Pirard, Marjan Assefa, Yibeltal Van Olmen, Josefien ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES ANTENATAL CARE APPENDICITIS BIG CITIES BLUEPRINT BREASTFEEDING BURDEN OF DISEASE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES CATASTROPHIC HEALTH EXPENDITURE CHILD BIRTH CHILD SURVIVAL CHILDHOOD ILLNESS CHILDHOOD VACCINATION CITIES CITIZENS CLINICAL SERVICES CLINICS COMMUNICABLE DISEASES COMMUNITY CLINICS COMMUNITY HEALTH COUNSELING DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DIABETES DIAGNOSES DIAGNOSIS DIAGNOSTICS DIARRHEA DISEASE CONTROL DISEASE PATTERNS DISEASE PREVENTION DRUGS EMERGENCY OBSTETRIC CARE ESSENTIAL MEDICINES FAMILIES FAMILY PLANNING FIGHT AGAINST POVERTY FINANCIAL INCENTIVE FINANCIAL INCENTIVES FINANCIAL PROTECTION GENERAL HEALTH SYSTEM GLOBAL HEALTH GOOD GOVERNANCE HEALTH AUTHORITIES HEALTH BUDGETS HEALTH CARE DELIVERY HEALTH CARE FINANCING HEALTH CARE SERVICES HEALTH CARE SYSTEM HEALTH CARE WORKERS HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH CENTRE HEALTH DELIVERY HEALTH EXPENDITURE HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH FINANCING HEALTH FINANCING SYSTEM HEALTH FOR ALL HEALTH INFORMATION HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM HEALTH INITIATIVES HEALTH INSTITUTIONS HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH INTERVENTIONS HEALTH MANAGEMENT HEALTH ORGANIZATION HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH POLICY HEALTH POSTS HEALTH PROBLEMS HEALTH PROFESSIONALS HEALTH PROGRAMS HEALTH PROMOTION HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SERVICE HEALTH SERVICE DELIVERY HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH SYSTEM FINANCING HEALTH SYSTEM STRENGTHENING HEALTH SYSTEMS HEALTH SYSTEMS STRENGTHENING HEALTH WORKERS HEALTH WORKFORCE HEALTH ­ EDUCATION HEPATITIS HEPATITIS B HIGH DISEASE BURDEN HIV HIV PREVENTION HIV/AIDS HOME CARE HOSPITAL HOSPITAL BEDS HOSPITAL SERVICES HOSPITALIZATION HOSPITALIZATIONS HOSPITALS HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES ILLNESS IMMUNIZATION IMMUNIZATIONS IMPROVEMENT OF HEALTH INCOME INDIVIDUAL HEALTH INEQUITIES INFORMATION SYSTEMS INFORMED CHOICE INSURANCE INSURANCE SYSTEMS INTEGRATION INTERVENTION LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABORATORY SERVICES LAWS LEPROSY LOCAL HEALTH SYSTEMS LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MALARIA MALARIA CASES MALARIA CONTROL MANAGED CARE MATERNAL HEALTH MATERNAL HEALTH INTERVENTIONS MEASLES MEDICAL ATTENTION MEDICAL CARE MEDICAL SUPPLIES MEDICINES MIDWIFES MIGRATION MILLENNIUM DECLARATION MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MINISTRY OF HEALTH MOTHER MOTHER TO CHILD MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION NATIONAL HEALTH NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEMS NATIONAL LEVEL NATURE OF HEALTH NEGATIVE EFFECTS NEWBORN NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES NURSES NUTRITION OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS PARTICULAR COUNTRY PATIENT PATIENT INFORMATION PATIENTS PERSONAL CHOICE PERSONAL HEALTH PHARMACEUTICALS PHARMACIES PHARMACY PNEUMONIA POCKET PAYMENTS POLICY GUIDANCE POLICY MAKERS POLIO POLIO ERADICATION POSITIVE SPILLOVERS PREGNANCY PREGNANT WOMEN PREPAYMENT SCHEMES PRIMARY CARE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PROGRESS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH CARE PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SERVICES QUALITY CARE QUALITY CONTROL QUALITY OF CARE REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESOURCE MOBILIZATION ROTAVIRUS RULE OF LAW RURAL AREAS SAFE DRINKING WATER SANITATION SCHISTOSOMIASIS SERVICE PROVIDERS SKILLED ATTENDANT SKILLED ATTENDANTS SOCIAL GROUP SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS SOCIAL JUSTICE SOCIAL SECTORS SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIAL WORKERS SPILLOVER SUPPLY SYSTEMS SURGERY SYMPTOM TB TB CONTROL TETANUS THERAPY TRADITIONAL HEALERS TREATMENT TROPICAL DISEASES TROPICAL MEDICINE TRYPANOSOMIASIS TUBERCULOSIS UNIVERSAL ACCESS URBAN AREAS VACCINATION VACCINATIONS VACCINE VACCINES VISION WORKERS WORKING CONDITIONS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Recently, there has been broad consensus in the global health community on the need for health systems strengthening (HSS) to make further progress toward the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is still divergence on how HSS should be framed, what HSS practically entails, and how it should be done. We set out to clarify HSS for managers of disease control programs (DCPs). In September 2000, the United Nations created a new movement in the fight against poverty: 189 countries in the General Assembly expressed their commitment to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in the Millennium Declaration (World Health Organization 2004). The recognition of health as one of the key determinants of human development is translated in three health-related MDGs. MDG 4 and 5 focus respectively on children and women as priority target groups, and MDG 6 focuses on priority diseases (HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other major diseases), representing the bulk of the disease burden in low-income countries. In section two, the author first focuses on how national health systems can be understood, with their strengthening in mind, with a special focus on service delivery and on its pluralistic nature. In section three, the author uses the Anna Karenina principle to explain an approach to health systems assessment at the national level. Finally, in section four, the author develops an approach on how Disease Control Program (DCP) can contribute to Health systems Strengthening (HSS) at country level. 2013-05-29T14:27:37Z 2013-05-29T14:27:37Z 2010-06 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2010/06/16565484/can-disease-control-program-contribute-health-system-strengthening-sub-saharan-africa-concept-note-engaging-global-debates-health-systems-strengthening http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13611 English en_US Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) discussion paper; CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Working Paper Publications & Research Sub-Saharan Africa