Cost-effectiveness and Financial Consequences of New Vaccine Introduction in Pakistan
Pakistan has one of the highest infant mortality rates in the world, and over 50 percent of deaths in post-neonatal children are attributable to pneumonia, diarrhea, or meningitis diseases that can be prevented through vaccination. The purpose of t...
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2013
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2011/10/15516148/cost-effectiveness-financial-consequences-new-vaccine-introduction-pakistan http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13585 |
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okr-10986-13585 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
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World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION AGED ANTIGENS BACTERIAL INFECTIONS BCG BIRTH ATTENDANTS BREAST-FEEDING BULLETIN BURDEN OF DISEASE CAUSES OF DEATH CHILD DEATHS CHILD MORTALITY COLD CHAIN DEATH RATE DEATH RATES DELIVERY COSTS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DIARRHEA DIPHTHERIA DISABILITY DISEASE BURDEN DISEASE CONTROL EXERCISES EXPENDITURES EXTERNALITIES GASTROENTERITIS GLASS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HAZARD HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE COSTS HEALTH CARE SYSTEM HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH ECONOMICS HEALTH EXPENDITURE HEALTH EXPENDITURES HEALTH ORGANIZATION HEALTH POLICY HEALTH PROGRAMS HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SURVEYS HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTHY LIFE HEPATITIS HEPATITIS B HIGH FERTILITY HOSPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HYGIENE IMMUNIZATION IMMUNIZATIONS INCOME INDEXES INEQUITIES INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFANT MORTALITY RATE INFANT MORTALITY RATES INFECTION INFECTIOUS DISEASES INFLUENZA INFORMANTS INFORMATION SYSTEM INTERVENTION LARGE POPULATION LIMITED RESOURCES LIVE BIRTHS LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES LOW-INCOME COUNTRY MATERNITY CARE MEASLES MEDICAL CARE MENINGITIS MINISTRY OF HEALTH MORBIDITY MORTALITY NATIONAL LEVEL NEWBORN NUMBER OF DEATHS NUTRITION ORAL REHYDRATION ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY PATIENT PERTUSSIS PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS PNEUMONIA POLICY MAKERS POLIO POPULATION GROUPS POPULATION PROJECTIONS PREVALENCE PREVENTABLE DISEASES PUBLIC HEALTH PURCHASING POWER RATE OF TRANSMISSION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS RESPECT RISK OF INFECTION ROOMS ROTAVIRUS RURAL AREAS SERVICE DELIVERY SMALLPOX SOCIAL SCIENCE SYRINGES TETANUS TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS TRANSPORTATION TREATMENT TREATMENT SERVICES TROPICAL MEDICINE TUBERCULOSIS URBAN AREAS VACCINATION VACCINATION PROGRAM VACCINATION PROGRAMS VACCINE VACCINE COVERAGE VACCINES VD WORKERS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION |
| spellingShingle |
ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION AGED ANTIGENS BACTERIAL INFECTIONS BCG BIRTH ATTENDANTS BREAST-FEEDING BULLETIN BURDEN OF DISEASE CAUSES OF DEATH CHILD DEATHS CHILD MORTALITY COLD CHAIN DEATH RATE DEATH RATES DELIVERY COSTS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DIARRHEA DIPHTHERIA DISABILITY DISEASE BURDEN DISEASE CONTROL EXERCISES EXPENDITURES EXTERNALITIES GASTROENTERITIS GLASS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HAZARD HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE COSTS HEALTH CARE SYSTEM HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH ECONOMICS HEALTH EXPENDITURE HEALTH EXPENDITURES HEALTH ORGANIZATION HEALTH POLICY HEALTH PROGRAMS HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SURVEYS HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTHY LIFE HEPATITIS HEPATITIS B HIGH FERTILITY HOSPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HYGIENE IMMUNIZATION IMMUNIZATIONS INCOME INDEXES INEQUITIES INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFANT MORTALITY RATE INFANT MORTALITY RATES INFECTION INFECTIOUS DISEASES INFLUENZA INFORMANTS INFORMATION SYSTEM INTERVENTION LARGE POPULATION LIMITED RESOURCES LIVE BIRTHS LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES LOW-INCOME COUNTRY MATERNITY CARE MEASLES MEDICAL CARE MENINGITIS MINISTRY OF HEALTH MORBIDITY MORTALITY NATIONAL LEVEL NEWBORN NUMBER OF DEATHS NUTRITION ORAL REHYDRATION ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY PATIENT PERTUSSIS PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS PNEUMONIA POLICY MAKERS POLIO POPULATION GROUPS POPULATION PROJECTIONS PREVALENCE PREVENTABLE DISEASES PUBLIC HEALTH PURCHASING POWER RATE OF TRANSMISSION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS RESPECT RISK OF INFECTION ROOMS ROTAVIRUS RURAL AREAS SERVICE DELIVERY SMALLPOX SOCIAL SCIENCE SYRINGES TETANUS TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS TRANSPORTATION TREATMENT TREATMENT SERVICES TROPICAL MEDICINE TUBERCULOSIS URBAN AREAS VACCINATION VACCINATION PROGRAM VACCINATION PROGRAMS VACCINE VACCINE COVERAGE VACCINES VD WORKERS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Brenzel, Logan Sanderson, Colin Galayda, Victor Masud, Tayyeb Haq, Inaaml ul Cost-effectiveness and Financial Consequences of New Vaccine Introduction in Pakistan |
| geographic_facet |
South Asia Pakistan |
| relation |
Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP)
discussion paper; |
| description |
Pakistan has one of the highest infant mortality
rates in the world, and over 50 percent of deaths in
post-neonatal children are attributable to pneumonia,
diarrhea, or meningitis diseases that can be prevented
through vaccination. The purpose of the study is to compare
the cost-effectiveness and financial implications of
introducing pneumococcal (PCV-10), rotavirus (Rota-Teq), and
Homophiles influenza type B (Hib) vaccines in Pakistan. The
cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted using the Tri-Vac
model, which is a static model that estimates the burden of
disease and the costs of treatment and for the immunization
program of children up to five years old in ten annual birth
cohorts (2010 to 2019). Sensitivity analyses were conducted
testing key assumptions related to disease burden, vaccine
efficacy, and vaccine cost. The analysis of financial
implications included a projection of cold chain needs and
costs associated with the introduction of each new vaccine,
as well as the financial outlays required by the government.
Sensitivity testing was also conducted on major assumptions.
All three vaccines were found to be cost-effective, with Hib
vaccine the most cost-effective option at $22 per
disability-adjusted-life-year (DALY). The cost-effectiveness
figures for PCV and rotavirus vaccines were $225/DALY and
$201/DALY, respectively. Sensitivity testing did not
significantly alter the results. The combined financial
requirement for the three new vaccines would peak in 2017 if
GAVI assistance reduced to five rather than eight years
($213m). This cost would account for 40 percent of national
immunization expenditures, and 15 percent of government
health expenditures. Required cold chain investments would
be small relative to the expenditure on vaccines, and
represents a good return on investment. While the investment
would be worthwhile from an economic perspective,
introducing all three vaccines in Pakistan will present
financial challenges unless overall health spending
increases. Careful consideration needs to be given to
long-term financing after GAVI support ends. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Working Paper |
| author |
Brenzel, Logan Sanderson, Colin Galayda, Victor Masud, Tayyeb Haq, Inaaml ul |
| author_facet |
Brenzel, Logan Sanderson, Colin Galayda, Victor Masud, Tayyeb Haq, Inaaml ul |
| author_sort |
Brenzel, Logan |
| title |
Cost-effectiveness and Financial Consequences of New Vaccine Introduction in Pakistan |
| title_short |
Cost-effectiveness and Financial Consequences of New Vaccine Introduction in Pakistan |
| title_full |
Cost-effectiveness and Financial Consequences of New Vaccine Introduction in Pakistan |
| title_fullStr |
Cost-effectiveness and Financial Consequences of New Vaccine Introduction in Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Cost-effectiveness and Financial Consequences of New Vaccine Introduction in Pakistan |
| title_sort |
cost-effectiveness and financial consequences of new vaccine introduction in pakistan |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2011/10/15516148/cost-effectiveness-financial-consequences-new-vaccine-introduction-pakistan http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13585 |
| _version_ |
1764423818498015232 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-135852021-04-23T14:03:08Z Cost-effectiveness and Financial Consequences of New Vaccine Introduction in Pakistan Brenzel, Logan Sanderson, Colin Galayda, Victor Masud, Tayyeb Haq, Inaaml ul ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION AGED ANTIGENS BACTERIAL INFECTIONS BCG BIRTH ATTENDANTS BREAST-FEEDING BULLETIN BURDEN OF DISEASE CAUSES OF DEATH CHILD DEATHS CHILD MORTALITY COLD CHAIN DEATH RATE DEATH RATES DELIVERY COSTS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DIARRHEA DIPHTHERIA DISABILITY DISEASE BURDEN DISEASE CONTROL EXERCISES EXPENDITURES EXTERNALITIES GASTROENTERITIS GLASS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HAZARD HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE COSTS HEALTH CARE SYSTEM HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH ECONOMICS HEALTH EXPENDITURE HEALTH EXPENDITURES HEALTH ORGANIZATION HEALTH POLICY HEALTH PROGRAMS HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SURVEYS HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTHY LIFE HEPATITIS HEPATITIS B HIGH FERTILITY HOSPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HYGIENE IMMUNIZATION IMMUNIZATIONS INCOME INDEXES INEQUITIES INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFANT MORTALITY RATE INFANT MORTALITY RATES INFECTION INFECTIOUS DISEASES INFLUENZA INFORMANTS INFORMATION SYSTEM INTERVENTION LARGE POPULATION LIMITED RESOURCES LIVE BIRTHS LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES LOW-INCOME COUNTRY MATERNITY CARE MEASLES MEDICAL CARE MENINGITIS MINISTRY OF HEALTH MORBIDITY MORTALITY NATIONAL LEVEL NEWBORN NUMBER OF DEATHS NUTRITION ORAL REHYDRATION ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY PATIENT PERTUSSIS PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS PNEUMONIA POLICY MAKERS POLIO POPULATION GROUPS POPULATION PROJECTIONS PREVALENCE PREVENTABLE DISEASES PUBLIC HEALTH PURCHASING POWER RATE OF TRANSMISSION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS RESPECT RISK OF INFECTION ROOMS ROTAVIRUS RURAL AREAS SERVICE DELIVERY SMALLPOX SOCIAL SCIENCE SYRINGES TETANUS TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS TRANSPORTATION TREATMENT TREATMENT SERVICES TROPICAL MEDICINE TUBERCULOSIS URBAN AREAS VACCINATION VACCINATION PROGRAM VACCINATION PROGRAMS VACCINE VACCINE COVERAGE VACCINES VD WORKERS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Pakistan has one of the highest infant mortality rates in the world, and over 50 percent of deaths in post-neonatal children are attributable to pneumonia, diarrhea, or meningitis diseases that can be prevented through vaccination. The purpose of the study is to compare the cost-effectiveness and financial implications of introducing pneumococcal (PCV-10), rotavirus (Rota-Teq), and Homophiles influenza type B (Hib) vaccines in Pakistan. The cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted using the Tri-Vac model, which is a static model that estimates the burden of disease and the costs of treatment and for the immunization program of children up to five years old in ten annual birth cohorts (2010 to 2019). Sensitivity analyses were conducted testing key assumptions related to disease burden, vaccine efficacy, and vaccine cost. The analysis of financial implications included a projection of cold chain needs and costs associated with the introduction of each new vaccine, as well as the financial outlays required by the government. Sensitivity testing was also conducted on major assumptions. All three vaccines were found to be cost-effective, with Hib vaccine the most cost-effective option at $22 per disability-adjusted-life-year (DALY). The cost-effectiveness figures for PCV and rotavirus vaccines were $225/DALY and $201/DALY, respectively. Sensitivity testing did not significantly alter the results. The combined financial requirement for the three new vaccines would peak in 2017 if GAVI assistance reduced to five rather than eight years ($213m). This cost would account for 40 percent of national immunization expenditures, and 15 percent of government health expenditures. Required cold chain investments would be small relative to the expenditure on vaccines, and represents a good return on investment. While the investment would be worthwhile from an economic perspective, introducing all three vaccines in Pakistan will present financial challenges unless overall health spending increases. Careful consideration needs to be given to long-term financing after GAVI support ends. 2013-05-28T20:48:40Z 2013-05-28T20:48:40Z 2011-10 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2011/10/15516148/cost-effectiveness-financial-consequences-new-vaccine-introduction-pakistan http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13585 English en_US Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) discussion paper; CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Working Paper Publications & Research South Asia Pakistan |