Gender Aspects of the Trade and Poverty Nexus : A Macro-Micro Approach
This report is on the findings of a major international research project examining the links between trade, gender, and poverty. Trade liberalization can create economic opportunities, but women and men cannot take advantage of these opportunities on an equal basis. Women and men differ in their end...
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| Format: | Publication |
| Language: | en_US |
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Washington, DC: World Bank and Palgrave Macmillan
2013
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13264 |
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okr-10986-13264 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
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Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
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World Bank |
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en_US |
| topic |
access to credit access to markets access to resources Accounting Adult population advisers Agricultural Economics Agricultural Output Agricultural Production Agricultural Trade agriculture allocation of resources Bank Office Bargaining Bargaining Power barriers to entry Bulletin Capital Accumulation capital investment cash crop cash crops comparative advantage consumer price index consumers control over resources Cultural Change decision making Devaluation Developing Countries Development Economics Development Policy diminishing returns discrimination displacement dissemination division of labor Earnings econometrics economic activity Economic Analysis economic development Economic Growth economic implications economic opportunities economic policies Economic Policy Economic Research economic structure Economic theory Economics Research educated women education spending efficient outcomes Elasticity employers employment creation employment opportunities endowments Equilibrium equilibrium theory Expenditure expenditures export crop Export Crops export earnings Exports external shock external shocks Families family labor farmers female employment Female Labor female mortality female population Female Workers femininity financial liberalization financial services foreign direct investment formal education Free Trade full employment future growth future research GDP GENDER gender aspect GENDER ASPECTS gender biases gender differences gender discrimination Gender Disparities Gender Disparities in Education Gender Equality Gender gaps Gender inequalities gender inequality gender issues gender norms gender relations General Equilibrium General Equilibrium Models Global Development gross national product Household Income household level household size household surveys household welfare household work Human Capital husbands IDS imperfect substitutes income levels innovation insurance International Bank International Food Policy Research Institute international trade investment in education labor force labor market labor market discrimination labor markets labor mobility labor standards labor supply laborers Labour Labour Market land rights legal status less developed countries Level of Poverty limited access Macroeconomic Policies macroeconomic policy macroeconomic stabilization Macroeconomics market economy Market Liberalization migrants Ministry of Education Multiplier Effect multiplier effects multipliers natural resources nutrition occupations opportunities for women optimization participation of women per capita income per capita incomes perfect competition policy change Policy Implications policy makers Policy Research Policy Research Working Paper Political Economy poor households poor people Population and Development population growth poverty alleviation poverty reduction Poverty Reduction Strategy price increases primary school privatization product markets productivity progress property rights purchasing power purchasing power parity rate of growth regression analyses respect rising demand rural areas savings secondary school Sex Sex Ratios Sex role skilled workers small farm small farms Social norms social policies Social Sciences social services Sources of Income Spouse spouses survival rate trade deficit Trade Liberalization Trade Policies trade policy trade reforms unemployment unemployment benefits Union unskilled labor unskilled workers urban areas Urban Workers utility function utility functions value added wages Wealth workforce working conditions World Trade Organization WTO young populations |
| spellingShingle |
access to credit access to markets access to resources Accounting Adult population advisers Agricultural Economics Agricultural Output Agricultural Production Agricultural Trade agriculture allocation of resources Bank Office Bargaining Bargaining Power barriers to entry Bulletin Capital Accumulation capital investment cash crop cash crops comparative advantage consumer price index consumers control over resources Cultural Change decision making Devaluation Developing Countries Development Economics Development Policy diminishing returns discrimination displacement dissemination division of labor Earnings econometrics economic activity Economic Analysis economic development Economic Growth economic implications economic opportunities economic policies Economic Policy Economic Research economic structure Economic theory Economics Research educated women education spending efficient outcomes Elasticity employers employment creation employment opportunities endowments Equilibrium equilibrium theory Expenditure expenditures export crop Export Crops export earnings Exports external shock external shocks Families family labor farmers female employment Female Labor female mortality female population Female Workers femininity financial liberalization financial services foreign direct investment formal education Free Trade full employment future growth future research GDP GENDER gender aspect GENDER ASPECTS gender biases gender differences gender discrimination Gender Disparities Gender Disparities in Education Gender Equality Gender gaps Gender inequalities gender inequality gender issues gender norms gender relations General Equilibrium General Equilibrium Models Global Development gross national product Household Income household level household size household surveys household welfare household work Human Capital husbands IDS imperfect substitutes income levels innovation insurance International Bank International Food Policy Research Institute international trade investment in education labor force labor market labor market discrimination labor markets labor mobility labor standards labor supply laborers Labour Labour Market land rights legal status less developed countries Level of Poverty limited access Macroeconomic Policies macroeconomic policy macroeconomic stabilization Macroeconomics market economy Market Liberalization migrants Ministry of Education Multiplier Effect multiplier effects multipliers natural resources nutrition occupations opportunities for women optimization participation of women per capita income per capita incomes perfect competition policy change Policy Implications policy makers Policy Research Policy Research Working Paper Political Economy poor households poor people Population and Development population growth poverty alleviation poverty reduction Poverty Reduction Strategy price increases primary school privatization product markets productivity progress property rights purchasing power purchasing power parity rate of growth regression analyses respect rising demand rural areas savings secondary school Sex Sex Ratios Sex role skilled workers small farm small farms Social norms social policies Social Sciences social services Sources of Income Spouse spouses survival rate trade deficit Trade Liberalization Trade Policies trade policy trade reforms unemployment unemployment benefits Union unskilled labor unskilled workers urban areas Urban Workers utility function utility functions value added wages Wealth workforce working conditions World Trade Organization WTO young populations Bussolo, Maurizio De Hoyos, Rafael E. Gender Aspects of the Trade and Poverty Nexus : A Macro-Micro Approach |
| relation |
Equity and Development; |
| description |
This report is on the findings of a major international research project examining the links between trade, gender, and poverty. Trade liberalization can create economic opportunities, but women and men cannot take advantage of these opportunities on an equal basis. Women and men differ in their endowments, control over resources, access to labor markets, and their roles within the household. It may seem obvious that gender differences play an important role in transmitting the effects of trade expansion to poverty, especially in less developed countries, where gender inequality is usually more pronounced. Although the literature includes numerous analyses on the links between trade and poverty and between gender inequality and poverty, it seems not to have combined these two sets of studies in a consistent empirical framework. The main objective for the research project documented in this book was to fill, at least in part, this gap in the literature. This report describes the simplest conceptual framework that can be used to analyze the linkages between trade and poverty through gender. It includes two parts. The first, based on standard international trade models, considers the linkages between trade and gender. The second, based mainly on the microeconomic models of household behavior, deals with the linkages between gender and poverty. |
| author2 |
Bussolo, Maurizio |
| author_facet |
Bussolo, Maurizio Bussolo, Maurizio De Hoyos, Rafael E. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Publication |
| author |
Bussolo, Maurizio De Hoyos, Rafael E. |
| author_sort |
Bussolo, Maurizio |
| title |
Gender Aspects of the Trade and Poverty Nexus : A Macro-Micro Approach |
| title_short |
Gender Aspects of the Trade and Poverty Nexus : A Macro-Micro Approach |
| title_full |
Gender Aspects of the Trade and Poverty Nexus : A Macro-Micro Approach |
| title_fullStr |
Gender Aspects of the Trade and Poverty Nexus : A Macro-Micro Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Gender Aspects of the Trade and Poverty Nexus : A Macro-Micro Approach |
| title_sort |
gender aspects of the trade and poverty nexus : a macro-micro approach |
| publisher |
Washington, DC: World Bank and Palgrave Macmillan |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13264 |
| _version_ |
1764423033297043456 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-132642021-04-23T14:03:07Z Gender Aspects of the Trade and Poverty Nexus : A Macro-Micro Approach Bussolo, Maurizio De Hoyos, Rafael E. Bussolo, Maurizio De Hoyos, Rafael E. access to credit access to markets access to resources Accounting Adult population advisers Agricultural Economics Agricultural Output Agricultural Production Agricultural Trade agriculture allocation of resources Bank Office Bargaining Bargaining Power barriers to entry Bulletin Capital Accumulation capital investment cash crop cash crops comparative advantage consumer price index consumers control over resources Cultural Change decision making Devaluation Developing Countries Development Economics Development Policy diminishing returns discrimination displacement dissemination division of labor Earnings econometrics economic activity Economic Analysis economic development Economic Growth economic implications economic opportunities economic policies Economic Policy Economic Research economic structure Economic theory Economics Research educated women education spending efficient outcomes Elasticity employers employment creation employment opportunities endowments Equilibrium equilibrium theory Expenditure expenditures export crop Export Crops export earnings Exports external shock external shocks Families family labor farmers female employment Female Labor female mortality female population Female Workers femininity financial liberalization financial services foreign direct investment formal education Free Trade full employment future growth future research GDP GENDER gender aspect GENDER ASPECTS gender biases gender differences gender discrimination Gender Disparities Gender Disparities in Education Gender Equality Gender gaps Gender inequalities gender inequality gender issues gender norms gender relations General Equilibrium General Equilibrium Models Global Development gross national product Household Income household level household size household surveys household welfare household work Human Capital husbands IDS imperfect substitutes income levels innovation insurance International Bank International Food Policy Research Institute international trade investment in education labor force labor market labor market discrimination labor markets labor mobility labor standards labor supply laborers Labour Labour Market land rights legal status less developed countries Level of Poverty limited access Macroeconomic Policies macroeconomic policy macroeconomic stabilization Macroeconomics market economy Market Liberalization migrants Ministry of Education Multiplier Effect multiplier effects multipliers natural resources nutrition occupations opportunities for women optimization participation of women per capita income per capita incomes perfect competition policy change Policy Implications policy makers Policy Research Policy Research Working Paper Political Economy poor households poor people Population and Development population growth poverty alleviation poverty reduction Poverty Reduction Strategy price increases primary school privatization product markets productivity progress property rights purchasing power purchasing power parity rate of growth regression analyses respect rising demand rural areas savings secondary school Sex Sex Ratios Sex role skilled workers small farm small farms Social norms social policies Social Sciences social services Sources of Income Spouse spouses survival rate trade deficit Trade Liberalization Trade Policies trade policy trade reforms unemployment unemployment benefits Union unskilled labor unskilled workers urban areas Urban Workers utility function utility functions value added wages Wealth workforce working conditions World Trade Organization WTO young populations This report is on the findings of a major international research project examining the links between trade, gender, and poverty. Trade liberalization can create economic opportunities, but women and men cannot take advantage of these opportunities on an equal basis. Women and men differ in their endowments, control over resources, access to labor markets, and their roles within the household. It may seem obvious that gender differences play an important role in transmitting the effects of trade expansion to poverty, especially in less developed countries, where gender inequality is usually more pronounced. Although the literature includes numerous analyses on the links between trade and poverty and between gender inequality and poverty, it seems not to have combined these two sets of studies in a consistent empirical framework. The main objective for the research project documented in this book was to fill, at least in part, this gap in the literature. This report describes the simplest conceptual framework that can be used to analyze the linkages between trade and poverty through gender. It includes two parts. The first, based on standard international trade models, considers the linkages between trade and gender. The second, based mainly on the microeconomic models of household behavior, deals with the linkages between gender and poverty. 2013-04-24T17:23:42Z 2013-04-24T17:23:42Z 2009 978-0-8213-7762-8 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13264 en_US Equity and Development; CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank Washington, DC: World Bank and Palgrave Macmillan Publications & Research :: Publication Publications & Research |