Caught in a Productivity Trap: A Distributional Perspective on Gender Differences in Malawian Agriculture
In targeting poverty gains, sub-Saharan African governments have emphasized the alleviation of gender differences in agricultural productivity. The empirical studies on the gender gap, however, have frequently used data that were limited regarding...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2013
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/03/17425649/caught-productivity-trap-distributional-perspective-gender-differences-malawian-agriculture http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13182 |
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okr-10986-131822021-04-23T14:03:07Z Caught in a Productivity Trap: A Distributional Perspective on Gender Differences in Malawian Agriculture Kilic, Talip Palacios-Lopez, Amparo Goldstein, Markus AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES CHILD CARE CHILD LABOR CROPS DISTRICTS DWELLING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS EMPOWERMENT FARMS FASHION FEED FEMALE FEMALE FARMER FEMALE FARMERS FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FEMALE LABOR FEMALES FOOD INSECURITY GENDER GENDER ANALYSIS GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DIFFERENTIAL GENDER DIFFERENTIALS GENDER DIMENSIONS GENDER DISPARITIES GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER RESEARCH GENDER SEGREGATION GENDER SENSITIVITY GPS HEADS OF HOUSEHOLDS HIV HOME HOUSEHOLD DYNAMICS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSING HUMAN ECOLOGY HUMAN RESOURCES HUNGER IMMIGRATION INEQUALITIES INEQUALITY INHERITANCE INTERVENTIONS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR SHORTAGES LIFE SCIENCES LIVESTOCK MARKETING NEIGHBORHOOD POVERTY ALLEVIATION PRODUCTIVITY RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT SEX SOIL FERTILITY SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE VILLAGES WAGE DISCRIMINATION WAGE GAP WILL WOMEN FARMERS WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE WOOD AFRICA GENDER POLICY GENDER POLICY LAB WOMEN AND AGRICULTURE In targeting poverty gains, sub-Saharan African governments have emphasized the alleviation of gender differences in agricultural productivity. The empirical studies on the gender gap, however, have frequently used data that were limited regarding geographic and topical coverage, and/or details on intra-household dynamics. The study provides a nationally-representative analysis of the gender gap in Malawi, and decomposes it, for the first time, at the mean and at selected points of the agricultural productivity distribution into (i) a portion driven by gender differences in levels of observable attributes (the endowment effect), and (ii) a portion driven by gender differences in returns to the same set of observables (the structure effect). Sequentially, the authors unpack the relative contributions of different factors towards the gender gap, and suggest future research priorities to inform policy interventions. The authors find that while female-managed plots are, on average, 25 percent less productive, 82 percent of this differential is explained by differences in endowments, mainly due to high-value crop cultivation and levels of household adult male labor inputs. The factors driving the structure effect include child dependency ratio and effectiveness of household adult male labor and inorganic fertilizer. The gender gap increases across the productivity distribution, ranging from 22 percent at the 10th percentile to 37 percent at the 90th percentile. While it is explained predominantly by the endowment effect in the first half of the distribution, the contribution of the structure effect towards the gender gap increases steadily above the median, standing at 34 percent at the 90th percentile. 2013-04-12T17:09:00Z 2013-04-12T17:09:00Z 2013-03 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/03/17425649/caught-productivity-trap-distributional-perspective-gender-differences-malawian-agriculture http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13182 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6381 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Africa Malawi |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES CHILD CARE CHILD LABOR CROPS DISTRICTS DWELLING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS EMPOWERMENT FARMS FASHION FEED FEMALE FEMALE FARMER FEMALE FARMERS FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FEMALE LABOR FEMALES FOOD INSECURITY GENDER GENDER ANALYSIS GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DIFFERENTIAL GENDER DIFFERENTIALS GENDER DIMENSIONS GENDER DISPARITIES GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER RESEARCH GENDER SEGREGATION GENDER SENSITIVITY GPS HEADS OF HOUSEHOLDS HIV HOME HOUSEHOLD DYNAMICS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSING HUMAN ECOLOGY HUMAN RESOURCES HUNGER IMMIGRATION INEQUALITIES INEQUALITY INHERITANCE INTERVENTIONS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR SHORTAGES LIFE SCIENCES LIVESTOCK MARKETING NEIGHBORHOOD POVERTY ALLEVIATION PRODUCTIVITY RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT SEX SOIL FERTILITY SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE VILLAGES WAGE DISCRIMINATION WAGE GAP WILL WOMEN FARMERS WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE WOOD AFRICA GENDER POLICY GENDER POLICY LAB WOMEN AND AGRICULTURE |
| spellingShingle |
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES CHILD CARE CHILD LABOR CROPS DISTRICTS DWELLING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS EMPOWERMENT FARMS FASHION FEED FEMALE FEMALE FARMER FEMALE FARMERS FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FEMALE LABOR FEMALES FOOD INSECURITY GENDER GENDER ANALYSIS GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DIFFERENTIAL GENDER DIFFERENTIALS GENDER DIMENSIONS GENDER DISPARITIES GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER RESEARCH GENDER SEGREGATION GENDER SENSITIVITY GPS HEADS OF HOUSEHOLDS HIV HOME HOUSEHOLD DYNAMICS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSING HUMAN ECOLOGY HUMAN RESOURCES HUNGER IMMIGRATION INEQUALITIES INEQUALITY INHERITANCE INTERVENTIONS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR SHORTAGES LIFE SCIENCES LIVESTOCK MARKETING NEIGHBORHOOD POVERTY ALLEVIATION PRODUCTIVITY RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT SEX SOIL FERTILITY SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE VILLAGES WAGE DISCRIMINATION WAGE GAP WILL WOMEN FARMERS WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE WOOD AFRICA GENDER POLICY GENDER POLICY LAB WOMEN AND AGRICULTURE Kilic, Talip Palacios-Lopez, Amparo Goldstein, Markus Caught in a Productivity Trap: A Distributional Perspective on Gender Differences in Malawian Agriculture |
| geographic_facet |
Africa Malawi |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6381 |
| description |
In targeting poverty gains, sub-Saharan
African governments have emphasized the alleviation of
gender differences in agricultural productivity. The
empirical studies on the gender gap, however, have
frequently used data that were limited regarding geographic
and topical coverage, and/or details on intra-household
dynamics. The study provides a nationally-representative
analysis of the gender gap in Malawi, and decomposes it, for
the first time, at the mean and at selected points of the
agricultural productivity distribution into (i) a portion
driven by gender differences in levels of observable
attributes (the endowment effect), and (ii) a portion driven
by gender differences in returns to the same set of
observables (the structure effect). Sequentially, the
authors unpack the relative contributions of different
factors towards the gender gap, and suggest future research
priorities to inform policy interventions. The authors find
that while female-managed plots are, on average, 25 percent
less productive, 82 percent of this differential is
explained by differences in endowments, mainly due to
high-value crop cultivation and levels of household adult
male labor inputs. The factors driving the structure effect
include child dependency ratio and effectiveness of
household adult male labor and inorganic fertilizer. The
gender gap increases across the productivity distribution,
ranging from 22 percent at the 10th percentile to 37 percent
at the 90th percentile. While it is explained predominantly
by the endowment effect in the first half of the
distribution, the contribution of the structure effect
towards the gender gap increases steadily above the median,
standing at 34 percent at the 90th percentile. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Kilic, Talip Palacios-Lopez, Amparo Goldstein, Markus |
| author_facet |
Kilic, Talip Palacios-Lopez, Amparo Goldstein, Markus |
| author_sort |
Kilic, Talip |
| title |
Caught in a Productivity Trap: A Distributional Perspective on Gender Differences in Malawian Agriculture |
| title_short |
Caught in a Productivity Trap: A Distributional Perspective on Gender Differences in Malawian Agriculture |
| title_full |
Caught in a Productivity Trap: A Distributional Perspective on Gender Differences in Malawian Agriculture |
| title_fullStr |
Caught in a Productivity Trap: A Distributional Perspective on Gender Differences in Malawian Agriculture |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Caught in a Productivity Trap: A Distributional Perspective on Gender Differences in Malawian Agriculture |
| title_sort |
caught in a productivity trap: a distributional perspective on gender differences in malawian agriculture |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/03/17425649/caught-productivity-trap-distributional-perspective-gender-differences-malawian-agriculture http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13182 |
| _version_ |
1764422912523108352 |