Labor Markets and School-to-Work Transition in Egypt : Diagnostics, Constraints, and Policy Framework

Analysis in this policy note indicates a rapid deterioration in employment opportunities for young individuals transitioning from school to work in Egypt. Despite substantial improvements in labor market outcomes in recent years (in raising employm...

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Main Authors:	Angel-Urdinola, Diego, Semlali, Amina
Format:	Policy Note
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2013
Subjects:	ABSENTEEISM ACTIVE LABOR ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICY ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS ATTRITION CHILD CARE COLLECTIVE BARGAINING CONTRIBUTION RATE CREATING JOBS DAYCARE FACILITIES DEADWEIGHT DEADWEIGHT LOSS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DISMISSAL EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY IDENTIFICATION ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS EMPLOYABILITY EMPLOYABLE SKILLS EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GENERATION EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES EMPLOYMENT POLICY EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATION EMPLOYMENT RATE EMPLOYMENT SHARE EMPLOYMENT STATUS EMPLOYMENT SUBSIDIES EMPLOYMENT TRAINING ENTRY-LEVEL JOBS EXTERNALITIES FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FIGHT AGAINST POVERTY FINDING JOBS FIRING COSTS FIRM PERFORMANCE FIRM SIZE FUTURE GENERATIONS HEALTH INSURANCE HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCE HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INFORMAL SECTOR INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY INVENTORY INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION JOB CREATION JOB DESTRUCTION JOB EXPERIENCE JOB LOSSES JOB MARKET JOB OPPORTUNITIES JOB SEARCH JOB SEARCH ASSISTANCE JOB SECURITY JOB SEEKERS JOB VACANCIES JOBS LABOR COST LABOR COSTS LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR INTENSITY LABOR LAW LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET IMPACT LABOR MARKET INDICATORS LABOR MARKET INFORMATION LABOR MARKET INTERMEDIATION LABOR MARKET NEEDS LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET PROGRAM LABOR MARKET REFORM LABOR MARKET REFORMS LABOR MARKET REGULATIONS LABOR MARKET RIGIDITIES LABOR MARKET RIGIDITY LABOR MARKETS LABOR OFFICES LABOR REGULATION LABOR SUPPLY LABOUR LABOUR OFFICE LIFE SKILLS LOCAL EMPLOYERS LOCAL EMPLOYMENT OFFICES LOCAL LABOR OFFICES MANPOWER MATHEMATICS MOTHER NET EMPLOYMENT NET JOB CREATION OCCUPATION ON-THE-JOB TRAINING PAYROLL TAX PERFORMANCE INDICATORS PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE MONITORING POLICY FRAMEWORK POLITICAL ECONOMY POPULATION COUNCIL PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE ENTERPRISE PRIVATE FIRMS PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT PRIVATE SECTOR JOBS PRIVATE SECTORS PRIVATE TRAINING PRIVATE TRAINING INSTITUTIONS PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAM COMPLETION PROGRAM CONTENT PROGRAM COSTS PROGRESS PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICES PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC WORKS PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS REAL INTEREST RATES REAL WAGES RETIREMENT SAFETY SAFETY NET SEASONAL LABOR SECONDARY EDUCATION SERVANTS SERVICE FACILITIES SERVICE PROVIDERS SERVICE PROVISION SERVICE SECTORS SEVERANCE PAY SEVERANCE PAYMENTS SKILLED WORKERS SKILLS ASSESSMENT SKILLS DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL CAPITAL STABLE JOB TECHNICAL SKILLS TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT TEMPORARY JOB TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TRADE UNIONS TRAINING CENTER TRAINING CENTERS TRAINING COURSES TRAINING INSTITUTION TRAINING INSTITUTIONS TRAINING PROGRAM TRAINING PROGRAMS TRAINING PROVIDER TRAINING PROVIDERS TRAINING SYSTEM UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED PEOPLE UNEMPLOYED PERSONS UNEMPLOYED YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE BENEFITS UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNEMPLOYMENT SPELLS UNIVERSITY EDUCATION VOCATIONAL EDUCATION VOCATIONAL SCHOOL VOCATIONAL TRAINING VOCATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAMS WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGE POLICY WAGE RATE WORK EXPERIENCE WORKER WORKERS WORKING CONDITIONS YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNG MOTHERS YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN YOUNG WORKERS YOUTH EMPLOYMENT YOUTH LABOR YOUTH TRAINING YOUTH TRAINING PROGRAMS YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2010/11/16332888/labor-markets-school-to-work-transition-egypt-diagnostics-constraints-policy-framework http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13050

id	okr-10986-13050
recordtype	oai_dc
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	ABSENTEEISM ACTIVE LABOR ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICY ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS ATTRITION CHILD CARE COLLECTIVE BARGAINING CONTRIBUTION RATE CREATING JOBS DAYCARE FACILITIES DEADWEIGHT DEADWEIGHT LOSS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DISMISSAL EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY IDENTIFICATION ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS EMPLOYABILITY EMPLOYABLE SKILLS EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GENERATION EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES EMPLOYMENT POLICY EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATION EMPLOYMENT RATE EMPLOYMENT SHARE EMPLOYMENT STATUS EMPLOYMENT SUBSIDIES EMPLOYMENT TRAINING ENTRY-LEVEL JOBS EXTERNALITIES FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FIGHT AGAINST POVERTY FINDING JOBS FIRING COSTS FIRM PERFORMANCE FIRM SIZE FUTURE GENERATIONS HEALTH INSURANCE HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCE HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INFORMAL SECTOR INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY INVENTORY INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION JOB CREATION JOB DESTRUCTION JOB EXPERIENCE JOB LOSSES JOB MARKET JOB OPPORTUNITIES JOB SEARCH JOB SEARCH ASSISTANCE JOB SECURITY JOB SEEKERS JOB VACANCIES JOBS LABOR COST LABOR COSTS LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR INTENSITY LABOR LAW LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET IMPACT LABOR MARKET INDICATORS LABOR MARKET INFORMATION LABOR MARKET INTERMEDIATION LABOR MARKET NEEDS LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET PROGRAM LABOR MARKET REFORM LABOR MARKET REFORMS LABOR MARKET REGULATIONS LABOR MARKET RIGIDITIES LABOR MARKET RIGIDITY LABOR MARKETS LABOR OFFICES LABOR REGULATION LABOR SUPPLY LABOUR LABOUR OFFICE LIFE SKILLS LOCAL EMPLOYERS LOCAL EMPLOYMENT OFFICES LOCAL LABOR OFFICES MANPOWER MATHEMATICS MOTHER NET EMPLOYMENT NET JOB CREATION OCCUPATION ON-THE-JOB TRAINING PAYROLL TAX PERFORMANCE INDICATORS PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE MONITORING POLICY FRAMEWORK POLITICAL ECONOMY POPULATION COUNCIL PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE ENTERPRISE PRIVATE FIRMS PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT PRIVATE SECTOR JOBS PRIVATE SECTORS PRIVATE TRAINING PRIVATE TRAINING INSTITUTIONS PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAM COMPLETION PROGRAM CONTENT PROGRAM COSTS PROGRESS PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICES PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC WORKS PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS REAL INTEREST RATES REAL WAGES RETIREMENT SAFETY SAFETY NET SEASONAL LABOR SECONDARY EDUCATION SERVANTS SERVICE FACILITIES SERVICE PROVIDERS SERVICE PROVISION SERVICE SECTORS SEVERANCE PAY SEVERANCE PAYMENTS SKILLED WORKERS SKILLS ASSESSMENT SKILLS DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL CAPITAL STABLE JOB TECHNICAL SKILLS TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT TEMPORARY JOB TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TRADE UNIONS TRAINING CENTER TRAINING CENTERS TRAINING COURSES TRAINING INSTITUTION TRAINING INSTITUTIONS TRAINING PROGRAM TRAINING PROGRAMS TRAINING PROVIDER TRAINING PROVIDERS TRAINING SYSTEM UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED PEOPLE UNEMPLOYED PERSONS UNEMPLOYED YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE BENEFITS UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNEMPLOYMENT SPELLS UNIVERSITY EDUCATION VOCATIONAL EDUCATION VOCATIONAL SCHOOL VOCATIONAL TRAINING VOCATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAMS WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGE POLICY WAGE RATE WORK EXPERIENCE WORKER WORKERS WORKING CONDITIONS YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNG MOTHERS YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN YOUNG WORKERS YOUTH EMPLOYMENT YOUTH LABOR YOUTH TRAINING YOUTH TRAINING PROGRAMS YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
spellingShingle	ABSENTEEISM ACTIVE LABOR ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICY ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS ATTRITION CHILD CARE COLLECTIVE BARGAINING CONTRIBUTION RATE CREATING JOBS DAYCARE FACILITIES DEADWEIGHT DEADWEIGHT LOSS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DISMISSAL EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY IDENTIFICATION ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS EMPLOYABILITY EMPLOYABLE SKILLS EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GENERATION EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES EMPLOYMENT POLICY EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATION EMPLOYMENT RATE EMPLOYMENT SHARE EMPLOYMENT STATUS EMPLOYMENT SUBSIDIES EMPLOYMENT TRAINING ENTRY-LEVEL JOBS EXTERNALITIES FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FIGHT AGAINST POVERTY FINDING JOBS FIRING COSTS FIRM PERFORMANCE FIRM SIZE FUTURE GENERATIONS HEALTH INSURANCE HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCE HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INFORMAL SECTOR INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY INVENTORY INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION JOB CREATION JOB DESTRUCTION JOB EXPERIENCE JOB LOSSES JOB MARKET JOB OPPORTUNITIES JOB SEARCH JOB SEARCH ASSISTANCE JOB SECURITY JOB SEEKERS JOB VACANCIES JOBS LABOR COST LABOR COSTS LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR INTENSITY LABOR LAW LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET IMPACT LABOR MARKET INDICATORS LABOR MARKET INFORMATION LABOR MARKET INTERMEDIATION LABOR MARKET NEEDS LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET PROGRAM LABOR MARKET REFORM LABOR MARKET REFORMS LABOR MARKET REGULATIONS LABOR MARKET RIGIDITIES LABOR MARKET RIGIDITY LABOR MARKETS LABOR OFFICES LABOR REGULATION LABOR SUPPLY LABOUR LABOUR OFFICE LIFE SKILLS LOCAL EMPLOYERS LOCAL EMPLOYMENT OFFICES LOCAL LABOR OFFICES MANPOWER MATHEMATICS MOTHER NET EMPLOYMENT NET JOB CREATION OCCUPATION ON-THE-JOB TRAINING PAYROLL TAX PERFORMANCE INDICATORS PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE MONITORING POLICY FRAMEWORK POLITICAL ECONOMY POPULATION COUNCIL PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE ENTERPRISE PRIVATE FIRMS PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT PRIVATE SECTOR JOBS PRIVATE SECTORS PRIVATE TRAINING PRIVATE TRAINING INSTITUTIONS PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAM COMPLETION PROGRAM CONTENT PROGRAM COSTS PROGRESS PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICES PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC WORKS PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS REAL INTEREST RATES REAL WAGES RETIREMENT SAFETY SAFETY NET SEASONAL LABOR SECONDARY EDUCATION SERVANTS SERVICE FACILITIES SERVICE PROVIDERS SERVICE PROVISION SERVICE SECTORS SEVERANCE PAY SEVERANCE PAYMENTS SKILLED WORKERS SKILLS ASSESSMENT SKILLS DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL CAPITAL STABLE JOB TECHNICAL SKILLS TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT TEMPORARY JOB TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TRADE UNIONS TRAINING CENTER TRAINING CENTERS TRAINING COURSES TRAINING INSTITUTION TRAINING INSTITUTIONS TRAINING PROGRAM TRAINING PROGRAMS TRAINING PROVIDER TRAINING PROVIDERS TRAINING SYSTEM UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED PEOPLE UNEMPLOYED PERSONS UNEMPLOYED YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE BENEFITS UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNEMPLOYMENT SPELLS UNIVERSITY EDUCATION VOCATIONAL EDUCATION VOCATIONAL SCHOOL VOCATIONAL TRAINING VOCATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAMS WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGE POLICY WAGE RATE WORK EXPERIENCE WORKER WORKERS WORKING CONDITIONS YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNG MOTHERS YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN YOUNG WORKERS YOUTH EMPLOYMENT YOUTH LABOR YOUTH TRAINING YOUTH TRAINING PROGRAMS YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES Angel-Urdinola, Diego Semlali, Amina Labor Markets and School-to-Work Transition in Egypt : Diagnostics, Constraints, and Policy Framework
geographic_facet	Middle East and North Africa Egypt, Arab Republic of
description	Analysis in this policy note indicates a rapid deterioration in employment opportunities for young individuals transitioning from school to work in Egypt. Despite substantial improvements in labor market outcomes in recent years (in raising employment and participation and in lowering unemployment), unemployment rates in Egypt remain exceedingly high among youth entering the labor market for the first time. A slow school-to-work transition remains the main reason behind high unemployment rates. Young entrants to the labor market have become more educated than ever before: the share of the working-age-population with university education in Egypt has increased significantly between the years 1998 and 2006 (from 14% to 19% among men and from 9% to 14% among women). However, youth are unable to capitalize the time and resources invested in their education as the labor market is not providing enough good-quality jobs for them. To cope with scarce formal jobs, young-educated workers are opting to work in the informal sector and/or withdraw from the labor force, which is contributing to a deadweight loss of recent investments in education. There are three key factors that seem to explain why school-to-job transition remains low in Egypt: investments in the private sector remain low and capital intensive, new graduates are not equipped with the skills demanded by the private sector, and the public sector still provides incentives for educated individuals (mainly women) to queue for private sector jobs. There are several policy options used in the international context to further enhance the performance of the labor market; such as enhancing employability of new entrants, reforming the technical and vocational training system, and designing targeted programs aiming to boost labor demand.
format	Economic & Sector Work :: Policy Note
author	Angel-Urdinola, Diego Semlali, Amina
author_facet	Angel-Urdinola, Diego Semlali, Amina
author_sort	Angel-Urdinola, Diego
title	Labor Markets and School-to-Work Transition in Egypt : Diagnostics, Constraints, and Policy Framework
title_short	Labor Markets and School-to-Work Transition in Egypt : Diagnostics, Constraints, and Policy Framework
title_full	Labor Markets and School-to-Work Transition in Egypt : Diagnostics, Constraints, and Policy Framework
title_fullStr	Labor Markets and School-to-Work Transition in Egypt : Diagnostics, Constraints, and Policy Framework
title_full_unstemmed	Labor Markets and School-to-Work Transition in Egypt : Diagnostics, Constraints, and Policy Framework
title_sort	labor markets and school-to-work transition in egypt : diagnostics, constraints, and policy framework
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2013
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2010/11/16332888/labor-markets-school-to-work-transition-egypt-diagnostics-constraints-policy-framework http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13050
_version_	1764420438031597568
spelling	okr-10986-130502021-04-23T14:03:02Z Labor Markets and School-to-Work Transition in Egypt : Diagnostics, Constraints, and Policy Framework Angel-Urdinola, Diego Semlali, Amina ABSENTEEISM ACTIVE LABOR ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICY ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS ATTRITION CHILD CARE COLLECTIVE BARGAINING CONTRIBUTION RATE CREATING JOBS DAYCARE FACILITIES DEADWEIGHT DEADWEIGHT LOSS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DISMISSAL EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY IDENTIFICATION ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS EMPLOYABILITY EMPLOYABLE SKILLS EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GENERATION EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES EMPLOYMENT POLICY EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATION EMPLOYMENT RATE EMPLOYMENT SHARE EMPLOYMENT STATUS EMPLOYMENT SUBSIDIES EMPLOYMENT TRAINING ENTRY-LEVEL JOBS EXTERNALITIES FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FIGHT AGAINST POVERTY FINDING JOBS FIRING COSTS FIRM PERFORMANCE FIRM SIZE FUTURE GENERATIONS HEALTH INSURANCE HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCE HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INFORMAL SECTOR INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY INVENTORY INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION JOB CREATION JOB DESTRUCTION JOB EXPERIENCE JOB LOSSES JOB MARKET JOB OPPORTUNITIES JOB SEARCH JOB SEARCH ASSISTANCE JOB SECURITY JOB SEEKERS JOB VACANCIES JOBS LABOR COST LABOR COSTS LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR INTENSITY LABOR LAW LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET IMPACT LABOR MARKET INDICATORS LABOR MARKET INFORMATION LABOR MARKET INTERMEDIATION LABOR MARKET NEEDS LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET PROGRAM LABOR MARKET REFORM LABOR MARKET REFORMS LABOR MARKET REGULATIONS LABOR MARKET RIGIDITIES LABOR MARKET RIGIDITY LABOR MARKETS LABOR OFFICES LABOR REGULATION LABOR SUPPLY LABOUR LABOUR OFFICE LIFE SKILLS LOCAL EMPLOYERS LOCAL EMPLOYMENT OFFICES LOCAL LABOR OFFICES MANPOWER MATHEMATICS MOTHER NET EMPLOYMENT NET JOB CREATION OCCUPATION ON-THE-JOB TRAINING PAYROLL TAX PERFORMANCE INDICATORS PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE MONITORING POLICY FRAMEWORK POLITICAL ECONOMY POPULATION COUNCIL PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE ENTERPRISE PRIVATE FIRMS PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT PRIVATE SECTOR JOBS PRIVATE SECTORS PRIVATE TRAINING PRIVATE TRAINING INSTITUTIONS PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAM COMPLETION PROGRAM CONTENT PROGRAM COSTS PROGRESS PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICES PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC WORKS PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS REAL INTEREST RATES REAL WAGES RETIREMENT SAFETY SAFETY NET SEASONAL LABOR SECONDARY EDUCATION SERVANTS SERVICE FACILITIES SERVICE PROVIDERS SERVICE PROVISION SERVICE SECTORS SEVERANCE PAY SEVERANCE PAYMENTS SKILLED WORKERS SKILLS ASSESSMENT SKILLS DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL CAPITAL STABLE JOB TECHNICAL SKILLS TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT TEMPORARY JOB TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TRADE UNIONS TRAINING CENTER TRAINING CENTERS TRAINING COURSES TRAINING INSTITUTION TRAINING INSTITUTIONS TRAINING PROGRAM TRAINING PROGRAMS TRAINING PROVIDER TRAINING PROVIDERS TRAINING SYSTEM UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED PEOPLE UNEMPLOYED PERSONS UNEMPLOYED YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE BENEFITS UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNEMPLOYMENT SPELLS UNIVERSITY EDUCATION VOCATIONAL EDUCATION VOCATIONAL SCHOOL VOCATIONAL TRAINING VOCATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAMS WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGE POLICY WAGE RATE WORK EXPERIENCE WORKER WORKERS WORKING CONDITIONS YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNG MOTHERS YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN YOUNG WORKERS YOUTH EMPLOYMENT YOUTH LABOR YOUTH TRAINING YOUTH TRAINING PROGRAMS YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES Analysis in this policy note indicates a rapid deterioration in employment opportunities for young individuals transitioning from school to work in Egypt. Despite substantial improvements in labor market outcomes in recent years (in raising employment and participation and in lowering unemployment), unemployment rates in Egypt remain exceedingly high among youth entering the labor market for the first time. A slow school-to-work transition remains the main reason behind high unemployment rates. Young entrants to the labor market have become more educated than ever before: the share of the working-age-population with university education in Egypt has increased significantly between the years 1998 and 2006 (from 14% to 19% among men and from 9% to 14% among women). However, youth are unable to capitalize the time and resources invested in their education as the labor market is not providing enough good-quality jobs for them. To cope with scarce formal jobs, young-educated workers are opting to work in the informal sector and/or withdraw from the labor force, which is contributing to a deadweight loss of recent investments in education. There are three key factors that seem to explain why school-to-job transition remains low in Egypt: investments in the private sector remain low and capital intensive, new graduates are not equipped with the skills demanded by the private sector, and the public sector still provides incentives for educated individuals (mainly women) to queue for private sector jobs. There are several policy options used in the international context to further enhance the performance of the labor market; such as enhancing employability of new entrants, reforming the technical and vocational training system, and designing targeted programs aiming to boost labor demand. 2013-03-28T19:55:29Z 2013-03-28T19:55:29Z 2010-11 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2010/11/16332888/labor-markets-school-to-work-transition-egypt-diagnostics-constraints-policy-framework http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13050 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work :: Policy Note Economic & Sector Work Middle East and North Africa Egypt, Arab Republic of

Labor Markets and School-to-Work Transition in Egypt : Diagnostics, Constraints, and Policy Framework

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