Trade and Investment Policies to Promote Climate Friendly Technologies in APEC Economies

Climate Friendly Technologies (CFT) reduces the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) by reducing the carbon content of economic activity. Climate change due to greenhouse gases is expected to affect many sectors, and present risks to many Asia-Pacif...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	World Bank
Format:	Other Environmental Study
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC 2013
Subjects:	ABATEMENT ABSOLUTE EMISSIONS ACID ACID RAIN ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE AIR AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION PROBLEMS ALLOCATION ALUMINUM ANNUAL GLOBAL EMISSIONS ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS APPROACH AVAILABILITY BALANCE BIOMASS BUSINESS AS USUAL SCENARIO CALCULATION CAPITAL COSTS CARBON CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS CARBON INTENSITY CARBON PRICE CARBON PRICES CARBON TAX CEMENT CLEAN ENERGY CLEANER ENERGY CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE ECONOMICS CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION CLIMATE ECONOMICS CLIMATE LEGISLATION CLIMATE POLICY CLIMATE-CHANGE CLIMATE-CHANGE MITIGATION CLIMATIC CHANGES CO CO2 COAL COAL CONSUMPTION COAL PRICES COAL PRODUCTION COASTAL AREAS CONSUMER DEMAND CONSUMPTION OF COAL CONVERGENCE COST-BENEFIT COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS COST-BENEFIT FRAMEWORK COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS CUMULATIVE EMISSIONS DAMAGES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DISCOUNT RATE DISTRIBUTION OF COSTS DIVERGENCE DOMESTIC OIL DOMESTIC OIL PRODUCTION ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC IMPACT ECONOMIC INDICATORS ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE ECONOMIC POLICIES ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY DISPATCH ELECTRICITY GENERATION ELECTRICITY PRICES ELECTRICITY SECTOR EMISSION EMISSION CONTROL EMISSION REDUCTIONS EMISSIONS EMISSIONS CONTROL EMISSIONS FROM COAL EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION EMISSIONS GROWTH EMISSIONS INTENSITY EMISSIONS REDUCTION EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS EMISSIONS TARGETS ENERGY BILLS ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY COSTS ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY INTENSITY ENERGY INTENSIVE ENERGY MARKETS ENERGY POLICIES ENERGY PRICE ENERGY PRICES ENERGY PRICING ENERGY PRODUCTION ENERGY SECURITY ENERGY SHORTAGES ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY SUBSIDIES ENERGY USE ENVIRONMENTAL DECISIONS ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS ENVIRONMENTAL OUTCOMES ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION FEASIBILITY FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS FINANCIAL SECTOR FISCAL POLICIES FLOODS FOREST FOREST COVERAGE FOREST DEGRADATION FOREST STOCK FORESTRY FOSSIL FOSSIL FUEL FOSSIL FUEL EMISSIONS FOSSIL FUEL USE FOSSIL FUELS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FUEL COSTS GAS GASOLINE GASOLINE PRICES GASOLINE TAX GHG GLOBAL EMISSIONS GREEN PAPER GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GASES GROWTH IN DEMAND HEAVY INDUSTRY HIGH ENERGY INTENSITY HIGHER ENERGY PRICES HYDROGEN IMPORTS INCOME INCOME HOUSEHOLDS INSURANCE INVESTMENT DECISIONS MARGINAL UTILITY MARKET DISTORTIONS MARKET FAILURES MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES NATIONAL EMISSIONS OIL OIL CRISIS OIL EQUIVALENT OIL IMPORTS OIL PRODUCTION OIL USE PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY MAKERS POWER SECTOR POWER SHORTAGES PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE PRESENT VALUE PRICE OF COAL PRIMARY ENERGY PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS R&D FUNDING RAINFALL RATIO OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION REDUCTION IN EMISSIONS RELATIVE PRICE RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE SOLAR POWER SUBSTITUTION SULPHUR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TAX CREDITS TAX RATES TOTAL EMISSIONS TRADITIONAL ENERGY SECTOR TRADITIONAL FUELS TRANSMISSION CONSTRAINTS TRANSPORT SECTOR UNCERTAINTIES UTILITIES VEHICLES WELFARE CONSEQUENCES WIND WIND ENERGY WIND INDUSTRY WIND POWER WORLD ENERGY
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/01/16336367/trade-investment-policies-promote-climate-friendly-technologies-apec-economies http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13038

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Summary:	Climate Friendly Technologies (CFT) reduces the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) by reducing the carbon content of economic activity. Climate change due to greenhouse gases is expected to affect many sectors, and present risks to many Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) economies in Asia. These risks include falling freshwater availability, rainfall volatility, frequent hurricanes and droughts, and a greater risk of coastal flooding. All these will cause significant negative impacts on APEC member economies. Given that APEC economies account for more than half of global GHG emissions, the adoption of emissions reducing CFTs in this region is critically important for the global emissions mitigation agenda. This report, first, describes the wide range of different CFTs already in use in middle-income APEC economies and their potential. As such, it is a comprehensive reference on CFTs that are used and produced in middle-income APEC economies, and on the factors that have contributed to their uptake, including domestic Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) legislation and energy security policies. This report combines regional reviews and analyses with country level analyses of China, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam. Second, it discusses the potential of further use and production of CFTs in APEC economies and the challenges facing their adoption. Third, it attempts to identify CFTs that have the most potential for further use. For example, this report identifies wind power technologies in Thailand as one of two CFTs with the most potential for further expansion of installed capacity and that may benefit the most from targeted trade and investment policies. Finally, the report addresses issues concerning the design of effective technology-based policies that support economic development through the adoption of CFTs. First, this will require a substantial mobilization of international investments in CFTs. An additional US$ 200 billion annually by 2030 is the estimated level of investment required to return GHG emissions to current levels.

Trade and Investment Policies to Promote Climate Friendly Technologies in APEC Economies

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