Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change : Samoa

Over the last two decades Samoa has suffered major damage from two cyclones in 1990-91, minor damage from a third cyclone in 2004, and an earthquake tsunami in 2009. Changes in the scale and impact of these types of natural disasters are likely to...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	World Bank
Format:	Other Environmental Study
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC 2013
Subjects:	ADAPTATION ACTIONS ADAPTATION ACTIVITIES ADAPTATION BENEFITS ADAPTATION COSTS ADAPTATION MEASURE ADAPTATION MEASURES ADAPTATION NEEDS ADAPTATION OPTIONS ADAPTATION PLANS ADAPTATION POLICIES ADAPTATION PROGRAM ADAPTATION PROJECTS ADAPTATION STRATEGY ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE ADAPTATION YIELDS ADAPTING ADVERSE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ALLOCATION ALLOWANCE ANNUAL COST ANNUAL PRECIPITATION APPROACH TO ADAPTATION AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL AVERAGE LIFE EXPECTANCY CALCULATION CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CAPITAL COSTS CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION CLIMATE CHANGE DISCUSSION CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION CLIMATE CHANGE PROJECTIONS CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS CLIMATE CONDITIONS CLIMATE DAMAGE CLIMATE DATA CLIMATE HAZARDS CLIMATE MITIGATION CLIMATE MODEL CLIMATE MONITORING CLIMATE OUTCOMES CLIMATE RISK CLIMATE RISKS CLIMATE SCENARIO CLIMATE SCENARIOS CLIMATE TRENDS CLIMATE VARIABLES CLIMATIC HAZARDS CO COASTAL FLOOD COASTAL ZONE ADAPTATION COLORS CONSEQUENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE CONSERVATION AREAS COST OF ADAPTATION COST OF CLIMATE CHANGE COST-BENEFIT COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS COSTS OF ADAPTATION COSTS OF ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE COSTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE CROP DIVERSIFICATION CYCLONE INTENSITY CYCLONES DAMAGE FROM STORMS DAMAGES DEATH TOLL DEFORESTATION DISASTER DISASTER MANAGEMENT DISASTER PLANNING DISASTER RISK DISASTER RISK REDUCTION DISCOUNT RATE DROUGHT DROUGHT PERIODS DROUGHTS DRY PERIODS DRY SCENARIO DRY SEASON DRY SEASONS DRY SPELLS EARLY WARNING EARLY WARNING SYSTEM EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKES ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC COSTS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC IMPACT ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ECONOMICS OF ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ECOSYSTEM EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTIVENESS OF ADAPTATION EL NINO ELECTRICITY EMISSIONS EMISSIONS SCENARIOS ENSO EXTREME EVENTS EXTREME WEATHER EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS FARMERS FEASIBILITY FIRE PREVENTION FLOOD FLOOD DAMAGE FLOOD HAZARD FLOOD PROTECTION FLOODED FLOODING FLOODS FOOD SECURITY FOREIGN AFFAIRS FOREST FOREST FIRE FORESTRY FORESTS FUTURE CLIMATE SCENARIOS GCM GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY GLOBAL HYDROLOGY GLOBAL TEMPERATURES GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTIONS HEAVY RAINS HURRICANE HURRICANE DAMAGE HURRICANES HYDROLOGY IMPACT OF CLIMATE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTATION IMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTATION OPTIONS IMPORTS INCOME INSURANCE INSURANCE COSTS INSURANCE POLICY INTENSITY OF CYCLONES INTENSITY OF STORMS LAND USE LOSS FUNCTION MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE MEAN TEMPERATURE METEOROLOGY MINIMUM TEMPERATURE MINIMUM TEMPERATURES NATIONAL ADAPTATION NATIONAL CLIMATE NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE NATURAL DISASTERS NATURAL HAZARDS NET COST OCEAN TEMPERATURES PRECIPITATION PRESENT VALUE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS PUBLIC SPENDING RAIN RAINFALL RAINY SEASON RENEWABLE ENERGY RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE SEA LEVEL RISE SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURES SEA WALLS SEASON SOUTHERN OSCILLATION STORM STORM DAMAGE STORM SURGE STORM SURGES STORMS SURFACE TEMPERATURE SURFACE TEMPERATURES SUSTAINABLE FOREST SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURES TOTAL CONSUMPTION TOTAL COST TOTAL COSTS TROPICAL CYCLONES TROPICAL STORMS TSUNAMI TSUNAMIS VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY TO NATURAL DISASTERS WATER TREATMENT WEATHER CONDITIONS WEATHER PATTERNS WIND WIND DAMAGE WIND DIRECTION WIND SPEED WIND SPEEDS WIND VELOCITY WMO WORST-CASE
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2010/01/16441128/samoa-economics-adaptation-climate-change http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12746

Description
Summary:	Over the last two decades Samoa has suffered major damage from two cyclones in 1990-91, minor damage from a third cyclone in 2004, and an earthquake tsunami in 2009. Changes in the scale and impact of these types of natural disasters are likely to be important consequences of climate change for the country because the increases in sea level and in average sea surface temperatures will increase theintensity and damage from major storms. Other potential impacts are linked to changes in the weather patterns associated with El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The primary concern focuses on the impact on agriculture, especially in periods of lower precipitation following strong El Niño episodes.This study examines the consequences of an increase in average temperatures of up to 1°C by 2050 and up to 2.75°C by 2100 for the frequency and intensity of major cyclones that hit the islands. Estimates of the economic damage caused by storms in the past have been used to calibrate a damage function that yields an estimated increase in the expected value of economic damage as the peak wind speeds for storms with return periods of 10, 50, or 100 years rise over time. In this framework the key element of adaptation is to ensure that buildings and other assets are designed to standards that enable them to cope with the greater wind stresses and more intense precipitation associated with worse storms.

Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change : Samoa

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