Ghana : An Analysis of Firm Productivity

The focus of this study is an analysis of firm productivity in Ghana, based on panel of firms surveyed between 1996 and 2002, as well as other information. The analysis focuses on identifying the drivers of productivity and the factors behind the i...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Teal, Francis, Habyarimana, James, Thiam, Papa, Turner, Ginger
Format:	Policy Note
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World, Washington, DC 2013
Subjects:	ACCESS TO CREDIT AGRICULTURAL SELF-EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURE AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY AVERAGE WAGES BANK LOAN BANK LOANS BANKS BARGAINING BARGAINING POWER BENCHMARK BENCHMARKING BORROWER BORROWING BUSINESS SUPPORT CAPITAL COSTS CAPITAL LABOR RATIO CAPITAL MARKET CAPITAL MARKETS CAPITAL STOCK COLLATERAL COLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS COMPETITIVENESS CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE CORRUPTION COST OF CREDIT CREDIT BUREAU CREDIT BUREAUS CREDIT CONSTRAINTS CREDIT INFORMATION CREDIT MARKET CREDIT MARKETS CREDIT REGISTRY CREDIT WORTHINESS CREDIT-WORTHINESS DEBT DEMAND CURVE DEVALUATION DRIVERS EARNINGS EMPLOYEE EMPLOYERS EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT EXCESS SUPPLY EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXPANSION EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURES EXPORT MARKET EXPORT-ORIENTED ACTIVITIES EXPORTS EXTERNAL FINANCING FACTOR MARKETS FARMER FARMERS FINANCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCIAL MARKET FINANCIAL SECTOR FINANCING NEEDS FINDING EMPLOYMENT FIRING COSTS FIRM GROWTH FIRM LEVEL FIRM PERFORMANCE FIRM PRODUCTIVITY FIRM SIZE FIRM SIZE DISTRIBUTION FIRM SURVEY FIRM SURVEYS FIRM-LEVEL ANALYSIS FIRMS FIXED COSTS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FORMAL CREDIT FORMAL LENDING FULL EMPLOYMENT GDP GDP DEFLATOR GDP PER CAPITA GROWTH RATE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INEFFICIENCY INFLATION RATE INFORMAL BORROWING INFORMAL CREDIT INFORMAL LOANS INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMATION ABOUT CREDIT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTEREST RATE INVESTMENT DECISION JOBS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET FLEXIBILITY LABOR MARKET RIGIDITY LABOR MARKETS LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR REGULATIONS LABOR SUPPLY LABOUR LARGE ENTERPRISES LENDER MACROECONOMIC SHOCKS MICRO ENTERPRISE MINIMUM WAGE MOTIVATION NOMINAL WAGES OCCUPATION OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OPERATING COSTS OVERDRAFT PAID WORKERS PER CAPITA INCOME PERSONAL SAVINGS PRELIMINARY RESULTS PRESENT EVIDENCE PRICE CONTROLS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY REASON PRIVATE CREDIT PRIVATE ENTERPRISE PRIVATE INVESTMENT PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATIZATION PROBIT EQUATION PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTION WORKER PRODUCTION WORKERS PRODUCTIVITY PROPERTY RIGHTS PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY RATES OF RETURN REAL WAGE REAL WAGES REGULATORY FRAMEWORK REGULATORY OVERSIGHT RENTS SAVINGS SAVINGS ACCOUNT SELF EMPLOYED SELF-EMPLOYMENT SIZE OF FIRMS SKILLED LABOR SKILLED WORKERS SMALL FIRM SMALL FIRMS SMALL SCALE ENTERPRISES SOURCES OF FINANCE STATE ENTERPRISES SUPPLIERS TAXATION TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TOTAL LABOR FORCE TRADE CREDIT TRADE UNIONS TRAINING INTENSITIES UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNION UNSKILLED WORKERS URBAN AREAS WAGE DATA WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE GAIN WAGES WORKER YOUNG WORKERS
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/06/16597179/ghana-analysis-firm-productivity http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12595

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Summary:	The focus of this study is an analysis of firm productivity in Ghana, based on panel of firms surveyed between 1996 and 2002, as well as other information. The analysis focuses on identifying the drivers of productivity and the factors behind the increasing in formalization and the lack of expansion of firms in the Ghanaian private sector. Based on this analysis, the objective is to identify key hypotheses about the investment climate, to be tested in the forthcoming investment climate assessment for Ghana. This hypothesis testing will lead to the identification of priority areas of the investment climate that need to be reformed in order to achieve a higher rate of growth in the private sector and the economy as a whole. It will be argued in this study that more rapid increases in income require an increase both in the rate of investment and, of equal importance, in the returns on that investment. A key element in meeting both those objectives is a shift to private sector investment in export-oriented activities. As recent data for Ghanaian growth shows the growth rate of aggregate investment has been far higher than that for consumption or exports.

Ghana : An Analysis of Firm Productivity

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