Youth Employment Programs : An Evaluation of World Bank and International Finance Corporation Support
Youth employment issues are a major concern for many countries because they have negative effects on the welfare of young people, and may also adversely affect economic performance and social stability. This is the first Independent Evaluation Grou...
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| Language: | English en_US |
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Washington, DC: World Bank
2013
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/12/17094413/youth-employment-programs-evaluation-world-bank-ifc-support http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12225 |
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okr-10986-12225 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
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Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
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World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACCESS TO RESOURCES ACCOUNTABILITY ACTIVE LABOR ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAM ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS ADOLESCENT ADOLESCENT GIRLS ADULTHOOD ADVERSE EFFECTS AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS BANK MANAGEMENT BANKS BUSINESS CYCLE BUSINESS CYCLES CHILD DEVELOPMENT CHILDBEARING COLLECTIVE ACTION DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESS DIGNITY DISADVANTAGED YOUTH EARNING ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICIES EMPLOYABILITY EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EFFECT EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT HISTORY EMPLOYMENT IMPACT EMPLOYMENT INCREASES EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATION EMPLOYMENT SHARE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION EMPLOYMENT TRAINING EMPLOYMENT TRENDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP ETHNIC GROUPS EXTERNALITIES FAMILIES FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FINANCIAL RISK FIRM LEVEL HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISE HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES HUMAN CAPITAL IMPERFECT INFORMATION INCOME INFLATION INFORMAL ECONOMY INFORMAL SECTOR INNOVATION INVENTORY ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT BANK JOB CREATION JOB INFORMATION JOB SEARCH JOB SEARCH ASSISTANCE JOB SEEKERS JOB TURNOVER JOBS LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS LABOR MARKET INDICATORS LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS LABOR MARKET OUTCOME LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE LABOR MARKET POLICIES LABOR MARKET POLICY LABOR MARKET REFORM LABOR MARKET REFORMS LABOR MARKET REGULATIONS LABOR MARKETS LABOR REGULATION LABOR SUPPLY LABORERS LABOUR LOW EMPLOYMENT LOW UNEMPLOYMENT LOW UNEMPLOYMENT RATES MACROECONOMICS MALE YOUTH MARKET WAGES MIGRATION NET JOB CREATION NON-FARM EMPLOYMENT POST-PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT PRIVATE PROVIDERS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTORS PRIVATE-PUBLIC PARTNERSHIPS PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROGRAM DESIGN PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS PUBLIC WORKS PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS SAFETY SAFETY NETS SAVINGS SERVICE PROVIDERS SIGNALING EFFECT SKILLS DEVELOPMENT SMALL BUSINESSES SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL SAFETY NETS STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TEMPORARY SAFETY NET TEMPORARY WAGE SUBSIDIES TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TRAINING PROGRAMS TRANSPORT TRUST FUNDS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED PERSON UNEMPLOYED YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM UNSKILLED WORKERS VIOLENCE VOCATIONAL EDUCATION VOCATIONAL SKILLS VOCATIONAL TRAINING WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE LEVELS WAGE SUBSIDIES WAGES WORK EXPERIENCE WORKING CONDITIONS WORKING POOR YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG PERSON YOUNG WOMEN YOUNG WORKERS YOUTH YOUTH EMPLOYMENT YOUTH EMPOWERMENT YOUTH GROUPS YOUTH LABOR YOUTH POPULATION YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES |
| spellingShingle |
ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACCESS TO RESOURCES ACCOUNTABILITY ACTIVE LABOR ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAM ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS ADOLESCENT ADOLESCENT GIRLS ADULTHOOD ADVERSE EFFECTS AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS BANK MANAGEMENT BANKS BUSINESS CYCLE BUSINESS CYCLES CHILD DEVELOPMENT CHILDBEARING COLLECTIVE ACTION DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESS DIGNITY DISADVANTAGED YOUTH EARNING ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICIES EMPLOYABILITY EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EFFECT EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT HISTORY EMPLOYMENT IMPACT EMPLOYMENT INCREASES EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATION EMPLOYMENT SHARE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION EMPLOYMENT TRAINING EMPLOYMENT TRENDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP ETHNIC GROUPS EXTERNALITIES FAMILIES FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FINANCIAL RISK FIRM LEVEL HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISE HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES HUMAN CAPITAL IMPERFECT INFORMATION INCOME INFLATION INFORMAL ECONOMY INFORMAL SECTOR INNOVATION INVENTORY ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT BANK JOB CREATION JOB INFORMATION JOB SEARCH JOB SEARCH ASSISTANCE JOB SEEKERS JOB TURNOVER JOBS LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS LABOR MARKET INDICATORS LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS LABOR MARKET OUTCOME LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE LABOR MARKET POLICIES LABOR MARKET POLICY LABOR MARKET REFORM LABOR MARKET REFORMS LABOR MARKET REGULATIONS LABOR MARKETS LABOR REGULATION LABOR SUPPLY LABORERS LABOUR LOW EMPLOYMENT LOW UNEMPLOYMENT LOW UNEMPLOYMENT RATES MACROECONOMICS MALE YOUTH MARKET WAGES MIGRATION NET JOB CREATION NON-FARM EMPLOYMENT POST-PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT PRIVATE PROVIDERS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTORS PRIVATE-PUBLIC PARTNERSHIPS PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROGRAM DESIGN PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS PUBLIC WORKS PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS SAFETY SAFETY NETS SAVINGS SERVICE PROVIDERS SIGNALING EFFECT SKILLS DEVELOPMENT SMALL BUSINESSES SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL SAFETY NETS STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TEMPORARY SAFETY NET TEMPORARY WAGE SUBSIDIES TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TRAINING PROGRAMS TRANSPORT TRUST FUNDS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED PERSON UNEMPLOYED YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM UNSKILLED WORKERS VIOLENCE VOCATIONAL EDUCATION VOCATIONAL SKILLS VOCATIONAL TRAINING WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE LEVELS WAGE SUBSIDIES WAGES WORK EXPERIENCE WORKING CONDITIONS WORKING POOR YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG PERSON YOUNG WOMEN YOUNG WORKERS YOUTH YOUTH EMPLOYMENT YOUTH EMPOWERMENT YOUTH GROUPS YOUTH LABOR YOUTH POPULATION YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES Independent Evaluation Group Youth Employment Programs : An Evaluation of World Bank and International Finance Corporation Support |
| description |
Youth employment issues are a major
concern for many countries because they have negative
effects on the welfare of young people, and may also
adversely affect economic performance and social stability.
This is the first Independent Evaluation Group (IEG)
evaluation of the World Bank Group's support to
countries trying to address youth employment issues. The
World Bank lending portfolio for youth employment is
relatively small, although components of programs appear in
57 countries. Most projects include interventions in skills
development and school-to-work transition. Half of the
projects include interventions to foster job creation and
work opportunities for youth. International Finance
Corporation (IFC) has a broad approach to job creation.
Between FY01 and FY11 youth employment has not been
specifically targeted, except in the Middle East and North
Africa region and in a small number of other interventions.
IFC invested $500 million to 50 investment operations and 18
advisory services to education. Although youth employment is
addressed in the education, social protection, and labor
strategies, it is not recognized as an issue in most country
strategies even where youth unemployment is serious. Youth
employment is a multisectoral issue, but few youth
employment projects are implemented by multisectoral teams.
The evaluation makes two recommendations: (i) apply an
evidence-based approach to youth employment operations, and
(ii) at the country level, take a strategic approach to
youth employment by addressing the issue comprehensively,
working across World Bank Group teams, with governments and
other donors. There is a critical need to strengthen
evidence-based feedback loops to the strategic planning
process. Addressing youth employment issues is a major
concern for many countries. It negatively affects the
welfare of young people and potentially the rest of the
economy as well. Unemployed youth do not get a chance to
build professional skills. As a result, they are more at
risk for higher adult unemployment, career downgrades and
lower wages later in life, and a loss in lifetime earnings.
The reasons for higher youth-to-adult unemployment rates
include labor demand and supply factors, as well as
constraints in the labor and credit markets. Their relative
importance in a dynamic growth context varies across
countries. Recognizing these differences is important for
governments in designing youth employment programs tailored
to the most affected youth groups, and to incorporating in
program design specific interventions to address the
underlying causes of youth unemployment and underemployment.
This evaluation was done to better understand the
contributions of the World Bank and IFC to these efforts,
their effectiveness, and what can be learned from the
experience to support decision makers in finding new solutions. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Publication |
| author |
Independent Evaluation Group |
| author_facet |
Independent Evaluation Group |
| author_sort |
Independent Evaluation Group |
| title |
Youth Employment Programs : An Evaluation of World Bank and International Finance Corporation Support |
| title_short |
Youth Employment Programs : An Evaluation of World Bank and International Finance Corporation Support |
| title_full |
Youth Employment Programs : An Evaluation of World Bank and International Finance Corporation Support |
| title_fullStr |
Youth Employment Programs : An Evaluation of World Bank and International Finance Corporation Support |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Youth Employment Programs : An Evaluation of World Bank and International Finance Corporation Support |
| title_sort |
youth employment programs : an evaluation of world bank and international finance corporation support |
| publisher |
Washington, DC: World Bank |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/12/17094413/youth-employment-programs-evaluation-world-bank-ifc-support http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12225 |
| _version_ |
1764419244450119680 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-122252021-04-23T14:02:59Z Youth Employment Programs : An Evaluation of World Bank and International Finance Corporation Support Independent Evaluation Group ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACCESS TO RESOURCES ACCOUNTABILITY ACTIVE LABOR ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAM ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS ADOLESCENT ADOLESCENT GIRLS ADULTHOOD ADVERSE EFFECTS AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS BANK MANAGEMENT BANKS BUSINESS CYCLE BUSINESS CYCLES CHILD DEVELOPMENT CHILDBEARING COLLECTIVE ACTION DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESS DIGNITY DISADVANTAGED YOUTH EARNING ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICIES EMPLOYABILITY EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EFFECT EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT HISTORY EMPLOYMENT IMPACT EMPLOYMENT INCREASES EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATION EMPLOYMENT SHARE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION EMPLOYMENT TRAINING EMPLOYMENT TRENDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP ETHNIC GROUPS EXTERNALITIES FAMILIES FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FINANCIAL RISK FIRM LEVEL HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISE HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES HUMAN CAPITAL IMPERFECT INFORMATION INCOME INFLATION INFORMAL ECONOMY INFORMAL SECTOR INNOVATION INVENTORY ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT BANK JOB CREATION JOB INFORMATION JOB SEARCH JOB SEARCH ASSISTANCE JOB SEEKERS JOB TURNOVER JOBS LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS LABOR MARKET INDICATORS LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS LABOR MARKET OUTCOME LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE LABOR MARKET POLICIES LABOR MARKET POLICY LABOR MARKET REFORM LABOR MARKET REFORMS LABOR MARKET REGULATIONS LABOR MARKETS LABOR REGULATION LABOR SUPPLY LABORERS LABOUR LOW EMPLOYMENT LOW UNEMPLOYMENT LOW UNEMPLOYMENT RATES MACROECONOMICS MALE YOUTH MARKET WAGES MIGRATION NET JOB CREATION NON-FARM EMPLOYMENT POST-PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT PRIVATE PROVIDERS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTORS PRIVATE-PUBLIC PARTNERSHIPS PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROGRAM DESIGN PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS PUBLIC WORKS PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS SAFETY SAFETY NETS SAVINGS SERVICE PROVIDERS SIGNALING EFFECT SKILLS DEVELOPMENT SMALL BUSINESSES SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL SAFETY NETS STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TEMPORARY SAFETY NET TEMPORARY WAGE SUBSIDIES TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TRAINING PROGRAMS TRANSPORT TRUST FUNDS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED PERSON UNEMPLOYED YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM UNSKILLED WORKERS VIOLENCE VOCATIONAL EDUCATION VOCATIONAL SKILLS VOCATIONAL TRAINING WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE LEVELS WAGE SUBSIDIES WAGES WORK EXPERIENCE WORKING CONDITIONS WORKING POOR YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG PERSON YOUNG WOMEN YOUNG WORKERS YOUTH YOUTH EMPLOYMENT YOUTH EMPOWERMENT YOUTH GROUPS YOUTH LABOR YOUTH POPULATION YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES Youth employment issues are a major concern for many countries because they have negative effects on the welfare of young people, and may also adversely affect economic performance and social stability. This is the first Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) evaluation of the World Bank Group's support to countries trying to address youth employment issues. The World Bank lending portfolio for youth employment is relatively small, although components of programs appear in 57 countries. Most projects include interventions in skills development and school-to-work transition. Half of the projects include interventions to foster job creation and work opportunities for youth. International Finance Corporation (IFC) has a broad approach to job creation. Between FY01 and FY11 youth employment has not been specifically targeted, except in the Middle East and North Africa region and in a small number of other interventions. IFC invested $500 million to 50 investment operations and 18 advisory services to education. Although youth employment is addressed in the education, social protection, and labor strategies, it is not recognized as an issue in most country strategies even where youth unemployment is serious. Youth employment is a multisectoral issue, but few youth employment projects are implemented by multisectoral teams. The evaluation makes two recommendations: (i) apply an evidence-based approach to youth employment operations, and (ii) at the country level, take a strategic approach to youth employment by addressing the issue comprehensively, working across World Bank Group teams, with governments and other donors. There is a critical need to strengthen evidence-based feedback loops to the strategic planning process. Addressing youth employment issues is a major concern for many countries. It negatively affects the welfare of young people and potentially the rest of the economy as well. Unemployed youth do not get a chance to build professional skills. As a result, they are more at risk for higher adult unemployment, career downgrades and lower wages later in life, and a loss in lifetime earnings. The reasons for higher youth-to-adult unemployment rates include labor demand and supply factors, as well as constraints in the labor and credit markets. Their relative importance in a dynamic growth context varies across countries. Recognizing these differences is important for governments in designing youth employment programs tailored to the most affected youth groups, and to incorporating in program design specific interventions to address the underlying causes of youth unemployment and underemployment. This evaluation was done to better understand the contributions of the World Bank and IFC to these efforts, their effectiveness, and what can be learned from the experience to support decision makers in finding new solutions. 2013-01-30T22:20:47Z 2013-01-30T22:20:47Z 2012-09 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/12/17094413/youth-employment-programs-evaluation-world-bank-ifc-support 978-0-8213-9794-7 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12225 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Washington, DC: World Bank Publications & Research :: Publication Publications & Research :: Publication |