Political Reservations and Women’s Entrepreneurship in India
This paper quantifies the link between the timing of state-level implementations of political reservations for women in India with the role of women in India's manufacturing sector. It does not find evidence that overall employment of women in...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2013
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/17151425/political-reservations-womens-entrepreneurship-india http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12190 |
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okr-10986-121902021-04-23T14:03:06Z Political Reservations and Women’s Entrepreneurship in India Ghani, Ejaz Kerr, William R. O'Connell, Stephen D. ACCESS TO FINANCE ADVANCED ECONOMIES ATTITUDES TOWARDS WOMEN BRIBES BUSINESS ACTIVITY BUSINESS MANAGEMENT BUSINESS OWNER BUSINESS OWNERS BUSINESS OWNERSHIP BUSINESS TRAINING CRIME CRIMES CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN DEBT DECENTRALIZATION DEVELOPMENTAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP DISCRIMINATION DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC BENEFITS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMICS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN ENVIRONMENT FOR WOMEN EQUIPMENT EXPLOITATION EXTERNAL FINANCE EXTERNAL FINANCING FAMILIES FEMALE FEMALE BUSINESSES FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP FIXED CAPITAL FOOD PRODUCTS GENDER GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER ISSUES GENDER PARITY GENDER QUOTAS GENDERS GIRLS GREATER ACCESS HOME HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL INFORMAL SECTOR INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL BANK LABOR MARKET LAWS LEGISLATION LOAN LOAN ACCESS MICROFINANCE NEW BUSINESSES OBSTACLES TO GROWTH OPPRESSION PERCEPTIONS OF WOMEN POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN PREJUDICE PRODUCTIVITY RESIDENCE ROLE OF WOMEN SELF-EMPLOYMENT SMALL BUSINESS SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION STATUS OF WOMEN TEXTILES UNICEF UNION VILLAGE WILL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP WOMEN IN BUSINESS WOMEN IN LEADERSHIP WOMEN IN POLITICS WOMEN LEADERS WOMEN LEGISLATORS WOMEN'S ISSUES WOOD This paper quantifies the link between the timing of state-level implementations of political reservations for women in India with the role of women in India's manufacturing sector. It does not find evidence that overall employment of women in manufacturing increased after the reforms. However, the analysis finds significant evidence that more women-owned establishments were created in the unorganized/informal sector. These establishments were concentrated in industries where women entrepreneurs have been traditionally active and the entry was mainly found among household-based establishments. This heightened entrepreneurship does not appear linked to changes in reporting, better access to government contracts and business, or improved financing environments. One interpretation of these results is that the implementation of the political reservations inspired more women to open establishments, and they did so at a small establishment scale in industries where they had experience and/or the support networks of other women. 2013-01-29T16:41:25Z 2013-01-29T16:41:25Z 2013-01 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/17151425/political-reservations-womens-entrepreneurship-india http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12190 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper; No. 6307 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research South Asia India |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ACCESS TO FINANCE ADVANCED ECONOMIES ATTITUDES TOWARDS WOMEN BRIBES BUSINESS ACTIVITY BUSINESS MANAGEMENT BUSINESS OWNER BUSINESS OWNERS BUSINESS OWNERSHIP BUSINESS TRAINING CRIME CRIMES CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN DEBT DECENTRALIZATION DEVELOPMENTAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP DISCRIMINATION DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC BENEFITS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMICS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN ENVIRONMENT FOR WOMEN EQUIPMENT EXPLOITATION EXTERNAL FINANCE EXTERNAL FINANCING FAMILIES FEMALE FEMALE BUSINESSES FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP FIXED CAPITAL FOOD PRODUCTS GENDER GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER ISSUES GENDER PARITY GENDER QUOTAS GENDERS GIRLS GREATER ACCESS HOME HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL INFORMAL SECTOR INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL BANK LABOR MARKET LAWS LEGISLATION LOAN LOAN ACCESS MICROFINANCE NEW BUSINESSES OBSTACLES TO GROWTH OPPRESSION PERCEPTIONS OF WOMEN POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN PREJUDICE PRODUCTIVITY RESIDENCE ROLE OF WOMEN SELF-EMPLOYMENT SMALL BUSINESS SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION STATUS OF WOMEN TEXTILES UNICEF UNION VILLAGE WILL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP WOMEN IN BUSINESS WOMEN IN LEADERSHIP WOMEN IN POLITICS WOMEN LEADERS WOMEN LEGISLATORS WOMEN'S ISSUES WOOD |
| spellingShingle |
ACCESS TO FINANCE ADVANCED ECONOMIES ATTITUDES TOWARDS WOMEN BRIBES BUSINESS ACTIVITY BUSINESS MANAGEMENT BUSINESS OWNER BUSINESS OWNERS BUSINESS OWNERSHIP BUSINESS TRAINING CRIME CRIMES CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN DEBT DECENTRALIZATION DEVELOPMENTAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP DISCRIMINATION DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC BENEFITS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMICS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN ENVIRONMENT FOR WOMEN EQUIPMENT EXPLOITATION EXTERNAL FINANCE EXTERNAL FINANCING FAMILIES FEMALE FEMALE BUSINESSES FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP FIXED CAPITAL FOOD PRODUCTS GENDER GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER ISSUES GENDER PARITY GENDER QUOTAS GENDERS GIRLS GREATER ACCESS HOME HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL INFORMAL SECTOR INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL BANK LABOR MARKET LAWS LEGISLATION LOAN LOAN ACCESS MICROFINANCE NEW BUSINESSES OBSTACLES TO GROWTH OPPRESSION PERCEPTIONS OF WOMEN POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN PREJUDICE PRODUCTIVITY RESIDENCE ROLE OF WOMEN SELF-EMPLOYMENT SMALL BUSINESS SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION STATUS OF WOMEN TEXTILES UNICEF UNION VILLAGE WILL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP WOMEN IN BUSINESS WOMEN IN LEADERSHIP WOMEN IN POLITICS WOMEN LEADERS WOMEN LEGISLATORS WOMEN'S ISSUES WOOD Ghani, Ejaz Kerr, William R. O'Connell, Stephen D. Political Reservations and Women’s Entrepreneurship in India |
| geographic_facet |
South Asia India |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper; No. 6307 |
| description |
This paper quantifies the link between
the timing of state-level implementations of political
reservations for women in India with the role of women in
India's manufacturing sector. It does not find evidence
that overall employment of women in manufacturing increased
after the reforms. However, the analysis finds significant
evidence that more women-owned establishments were created
in the unorganized/informal sector. These establishments
were concentrated in industries where women entrepreneurs
have been traditionally active and the entry was mainly
found among household-based establishments. This heightened
entrepreneurship does not appear linked to changes in
reporting, better access to government contracts and
business, or improved financing environments. One
interpretation of these results is that the implementation
of the political reservations inspired more women to open
establishments, and they did so at a small establishment
scale in industries where they had experience and/or the
support networks of other women. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Ghani, Ejaz Kerr, William R. O'Connell, Stephen D. |
| author_facet |
Ghani, Ejaz Kerr, William R. O'Connell, Stephen D. |
| author_sort |
Ghani, Ejaz |
| title |
Political Reservations and Women’s Entrepreneurship in India |
| title_short |
Political Reservations and Women’s Entrepreneurship in India |
| title_full |
Political Reservations and Women’s Entrepreneurship in India |
| title_fullStr |
Political Reservations and Women’s Entrepreneurship in India |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Political Reservations and Women’s Entrepreneurship in India |
| title_sort |
political reservations and women’s entrepreneurship in india |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/17151425/political-reservations-womens-entrepreneurship-india http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12190 |
| _version_ |
1764422188040978432 |