Trade Policy Flexibilities and Turkey : Tariffs, Antidumping, Safeguards, and WTO Dispute Settlement

Trade policy commitments to lower import tariffs and to maintain tariffs at low levels entail short and long-run political-economic costs and benefits. Empirical work examining the relationship between such commitments and the exercise of trade pol...

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Main Author: Bown, Chad P.
Format: Policy Research Working Paper
Language:English
en_US
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2013
Subjects:
WTO
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/17187093/trade-policy-flexibilities-turkey-tariffs-antidumping-safeguards-wto-dispute-settlement
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12161
id okr-10986-12161
recordtype oai_dc
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
en_US
topic AFFECTING IMPORTS
AGREEMENT ON SAFEGUARDS
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
AGRICULTURE
ANTI-DUMPING DUTY
ANTI-DUMPING MEASURES
ANTIDUMPING
ANTIDUMPING ACTIONS
ANTIDUMPING FILINGS
ANTIDUMPING MEASURES
ANTIDUMPING POLICY
APPAREL
APPLIED TARIFF
AVERAGE TARIFF
BARRIERS ON IMPORTS
BILATERAL IMPORTS
BUSINESS CYCLES
COMMERCIAL POLICY
CONCESSIONS
CONSUMERS
COUNTERVAILING DUTIES
COUNTERVAILING MEASURES
CURRENT ACCOUNT
CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT
CURRENT ACCOUNT IMBALANCE
CURRENT ACCOUNT POSITION
CUSTOMS
CUSTOMS DUTIES
CUSTOMS UNION
CUSTOMS UNION AGREEMENT
CUSTOMS UNION FORMATION
DEBT
DEBT CRISIS
DEPRECIATIONS
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPMENT POLICY
DIRECTION OF TRADE
DISPUTE MEASURES
DISPUTE SETTLEMENT
DOMESTIC INDUSTRIES
DOMESTIC INDUSTRY
DOMESTIC LEGISLATION
DOMESTIC MARKET
DOMESTIC PRODUCTION
DOMESTIC SUPPORT
ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS
ECONOMIC CONTRACTION
ECONOMIC CRISIS
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC RESEARCH
ECONOMIC SHOCK
ECONOMIC THEORIES
ECONOMIC THEORY
ESCAPE CLAUSE
EUROPEAN UNION
EXCHANGE RATES
EXPORT COMPETITION
EXPORT CREDIT
EXPORT GROWTH
EXPORT MARKETS
EXPORT PRODUCTS
EXPORTERS
EXPORTS
EXTERNAL TARIFF
EXTERNALITIES
FINANCIAL CRISIS
FOREIGN COMPETITORS
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
FOREIGN EXPORTERS
FOREIGN FIRM
FOREIGN FIRMS
FOREIGN MARKETS
FOREIGN SOURCES
FOREIGN SUPPLIERS
FOREIGN TRADE
FREE TRADE
FREE TRADE AGREEMENT
FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS
FUTURE RESEARCH
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS
GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS
GLOBAL MARKETS
GLOBAL TRADE
HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES
IMBALANCES
IMPORT
IMPORT DATA
IMPORT DEMAND
IMPORT DUTIES
IMPORT GROWTH
IMPORT POLICY
IMPORT PROCEDURES
IMPORT PRODUCT
IMPORT PRODUCTS
IMPORT PROTECTION
IMPORT REGIME
IMPORT RESTRICTIONS
IMPORT TARIFF
IMPORT TARIFFS
IMPORT VALUE
IMPORTS OF POULTRY
IMPORTS OF TEXTILES
INCOME
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
INTERNATIONAL RULES
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
INTERNATIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
LOCAL CURRENCIES
LOSS OF COMPETITIVENESS
LOW TARIFF
MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS
MACROECONOMIC CRISIS
MACROECONOMIC FACTORS
MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS
MACROECONOMIC SHOCKS
MANAGED TRADE
MARKET ACCESS
MARKET POWER
MOST FAVORED NATION
MULTILATERAL RULES
NATIONAL TRADE POLICY
NON-TARIFF BARRIERS
OPTIMAL TARIFFS
PANEL REPORT
PANEL REPORTS
POLICY RESEARCH
POLITICAL ECONOMY
POTENTIAL BENEFITS
PREFERENTIAL TARIFF
PREFERENTIAL TARIFFS
PREFERENTIAL TRADE
PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENT
PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
PRICE UNDERTAKING
PROTECTIONISM
PROTECTIONIST
RAPID GROWTH
REAL DEPRECIATION
REAL EXCHANGE RATE
REAL GDP
RECESSION
RELATIVELY LOW INFLATION
SAFEGUARD MEASURES
SOURCING
SOVEREIGNTY
TARIFF BARRIERS
TARIFF BINDING
TARIFF BINDINGS
TARIFF INCREASE
TARIFF INCREASES
TARIFF LEVELS
TARIFF LINE
TARIFF LINES
TARIFF POLICY
TARIFF PREFERENCES
TARIFF QUOTA
TARIFF RATE
TARIFF RATES
TARIFF REDUCTIONS
TARIFF SCHEDULE
TARIFF TREATMENT
TAXATION
TEXTILE IMPORTS
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
TOTAL EXPORTS
TOTAL IMPORTS
TRADE AGREEMENT
TRADE ALERT
TRADE BARRIER
TRADE BARRIERS
TRADE DIVERSION
TRADE DIVERSION COSTS
TRADE FLOWS
TRADE IMBALANCE
TRADE INDICATORS
TRADE LIBERALISATION
TRADE LIBERALIZATION
TRADE MOTIVES
TRADE NEGOTIATORS
TRADE PARTNERS
TRADE POLICIES
TRADE POLICY
TRADE POLICY INSTRUMENTS
TRADE POLICY REVIEW
TRADE REGIME
TRADE REGIMES
TRADE RESTRICTIVENESS
TRADE STATISTICS
TRADEMARKS
TRADING PARTNER
TRADING PARTNERS
TRADING SYSTEM
UNCERTAINTY
UNEMPLOYMENT
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
URUGUAY ROUND
VALUE OF TRADE
WEIGHTS
WORLD ECONOMY
WORLD TRADE
WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
WTO
spellingShingle AFFECTING IMPORTS
AGREEMENT ON SAFEGUARDS
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
AGRICULTURE
ANTI-DUMPING DUTY
ANTI-DUMPING MEASURES
ANTIDUMPING
ANTIDUMPING ACTIONS
ANTIDUMPING FILINGS
ANTIDUMPING MEASURES
ANTIDUMPING POLICY
APPAREL
APPLIED TARIFF
AVERAGE TARIFF
BARRIERS ON IMPORTS
BILATERAL IMPORTS
BUSINESS CYCLES
COMMERCIAL POLICY
CONCESSIONS
CONSUMERS
COUNTERVAILING DUTIES
COUNTERVAILING MEASURES
CURRENT ACCOUNT
CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT
CURRENT ACCOUNT IMBALANCE
CURRENT ACCOUNT POSITION
CUSTOMS
CUSTOMS DUTIES
CUSTOMS UNION
CUSTOMS UNION AGREEMENT
CUSTOMS UNION FORMATION
DEBT
DEBT CRISIS
DEPRECIATIONS
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPMENT POLICY
DIRECTION OF TRADE
DISPUTE MEASURES
DISPUTE SETTLEMENT
DOMESTIC INDUSTRIES
DOMESTIC INDUSTRY
DOMESTIC LEGISLATION
DOMESTIC MARKET
DOMESTIC PRODUCTION
DOMESTIC SUPPORT
ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS
ECONOMIC CONTRACTION
ECONOMIC CRISIS
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC RESEARCH
ECONOMIC SHOCK
ECONOMIC THEORIES
ECONOMIC THEORY
ESCAPE CLAUSE
EUROPEAN UNION
EXCHANGE RATES
EXPORT COMPETITION
EXPORT CREDIT
EXPORT GROWTH
EXPORT MARKETS
EXPORT PRODUCTS
EXPORTERS
EXPORTS
EXTERNAL TARIFF
EXTERNALITIES
FINANCIAL CRISIS
FOREIGN COMPETITORS
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
FOREIGN EXPORTERS
FOREIGN FIRM
FOREIGN FIRMS
FOREIGN MARKETS
FOREIGN SOURCES
FOREIGN SUPPLIERS
FOREIGN TRADE
FREE TRADE
FREE TRADE AGREEMENT
FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS
FUTURE RESEARCH
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS
GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS
GLOBAL MARKETS
GLOBAL TRADE
HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES
IMBALANCES
IMPORT
IMPORT DATA
IMPORT DEMAND
IMPORT DUTIES
IMPORT GROWTH
IMPORT POLICY
IMPORT PROCEDURES
IMPORT PRODUCT
IMPORT PRODUCTS
IMPORT PROTECTION
IMPORT REGIME
IMPORT RESTRICTIONS
IMPORT TARIFF
IMPORT TARIFFS
IMPORT VALUE
IMPORTS OF POULTRY
IMPORTS OF TEXTILES
INCOME
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
INTERNATIONAL RULES
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
INTERNATIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
LOCAL CURRENCIES
LOSS OF COMPETITIVENESS
LOW TARIFF
MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS
MACROECONOMIC CRISIS
MACROECONOMIC FACTORS
MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS
MACROECONOMIC SHOCKS
MANAGED TRADE
MARKET ACCESS
MARKET POWER
MOST FAVORED NATION
MULTILATERAL RULES
NATIONAL TRADE POLICY
NON-TARIFF BARRIERS
OPTIMAL TARIFFS
PANEL REPORT
PANEL REPORTS
POLICY RESEARCH
POLITICAL ECONOMY
POTENTIAL BENEFITS
PREFERENTIAL TARIFF
PREFERENTIAL TARIFFS
PREFERENTIAL TRADE
PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENT
PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
PRICE UNDERTAKING
PROTECTIONISM
PROTECTIONIST
RAPID GROWTH
REAL DEPRECIATION
REAL EXCHANGE RATE
REAL GDP
RECESSION
RELATIVELY LOW INFLATION
SAFEGUARD MEASURES
SOURCING
SOVEREIGNTY
TARIFF BARRIERS
TARIFF BINDING
TARIFF BINDINGS
TARIFF INCREASE
TARIFF INCREASES
TARIFF LEVELS
TARIFF LINE
TARIFF LINES
TARIFF POLICY
TARIFF PREFERENCES
TARIFF QUOTA
TARIFF RATE
TARIFF RATES
TARIFF REDUCTIONS
TARIFF SCHEDULE
TARIFF TREATMENT
TAXATION
TEXTILE IMPORTS
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
TOTAL EXPORTS
TOTAL IMPORTS
TRADE AGREEMENT
TRADE ALERT
TRADE BARRIER
TRADE BARRIERS
TRADE DIVERSION
TRADE DIVERSION COSTS
TRADE FLOWS
TRADE IMBALANCE
TRADE INDICATORS
TRADE LIBERALISATION
TRADE LIBERALIZATION
TRADE MOTIVES
TRADE NEGOTIATORS
TRADE PARTNERS
TRADE POLICIES
TRADE POLICY
TRADE POLICY INSTRUMENTS
TRADE POLICY REVIEW
TRADE REGIME
TRADE REGIMES
TRADE RESTRICTIVENESS
TRADE STATISTICS
TRADEMARKS
TRADING PARTNER
TRADING PARTNERS
TRADING SYSTEM
UNCERTAINTY
UNEMPLOYMENT
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
URUGUAY ROUND
VALUE OF TRADE
WEIGHTS
WORLD ECONOMY
WORLD TRADE
WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
WTO
Bown, Chad P.
Trade Policy Flexibilities and Turkey : Tariffs, Antidumping, Safeguards, and WTO Dispute Settlement
geographic_facet Europe and Central Asia
Turkey
relation Policy Research Working Paper; No. 6322
description Trade policy commitments to lower import tariffs and to maintain tariffs at low levels entail short and long-run political-economic costs and benefits. Empirical work examining the relationship between such commitments and the exercise of trade policy flexibilities is still relatively nascent, especially for emerging economies. This paper provides a rich, empirically-based assessment of ways that Turkey exercised trade policy flexibilities during the global economic crisis of 2008-11. First, and despite multilateral and customs union commitments that might limit changes to applied tariffs, Turkey made changes to both its applied Most Favored Nation and preferential tariffs that cumulatively affect nearly 9 percent of manufacturing imports and 10 percent of import product lines. Second, Turkey's cumulative application of temporary trade barrier (TTB) policies -- antidumping, safeguards and countervailing duties -- are estimated to impact by 2011 an additional 4 percent of imports and 6 percent of product lines. Other surprising results on Turkey's use of flexibilities include: extending the duration of previously imposed antidumping and safeguards beyond expected removal dates, removing one TTB policy over a set of products and immediately reapplying a different TTB policy, covering lengthy upstream and downstream segments of important industries, and deepening discriminatory preference margins already inherent in existing preferential trade agreements.
format Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author Bown, Chad P.
author_facet Bown, Chad P.
author_sort Bown, Chad P.
title Trade Policy Flexibilities and Turkey : Tariffs, Antidumping, Safeguards, and WTO Dispute Settlement
title_short Trade Policy Flexibilities and Turkey : Tariffs, Antidumping, Safeguards, and WTO Dispute Settlement
title_full Trade Policy Flexibilities and Turkey : Tariffs, Antidumping, Safeguards, and WTO Dispute Settlement
title_fullStr Trade Policy Flexibilities and Turkey : Tariffs, Antidumping, Safeguards, and WTO Dispute Settlement
title_full_unstemmed Trade Policy Flexibilities and Turkey : Tariffs, Antidumping, Safeguards, and WTO Dispute Settlement
title_sort trade policy flexibilities and turkey : tariffs, antidumping, safeguards, and wto dispute settlement
publisher World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate 2013
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/17187093/trade-policy-flexibilities-turkey-tariffs-antidumping-safeguards-wto-dispute-settlement
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12161
_version_ 1764422109869637632
spelling okr-10986-121612021-04-23T14:03:06Z Trade Policy Flexibilities and Turkey : Tariffs, Antidumping, Safeguards, and WTO Dispute Settlement Bown, Chad P. AFFECTING IMPORTS AGREEMENT ON SAFEGUARDS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURE ANTI-DUMPING DUTY ANTI-DUMPING MEASURES ANTIDUMPING ANTIDUMPING ACTIONS ANTIDUMPING FILINGS ANTIDUMPING MEASURES ANTIDUMPING POLICY APPAREL APPLIED TARIFF AVERAGE TARIFF BARRIERS ON IMPORTS BILATERAL IMPORTS BUSINESS CYCLES COMMERCIAL POLICY CONCESSIONS CONSUMERS COUNTERVAILING DUTIES COUNTERVAILING MEASURES CURRENT ACCOUNT CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT CURRENT ACCOUNT IMBALANCE CURRENT ACCOUNT POSITION CUSTOMS CUSTOMS DUTIES CUSTOMS UNION CUSTOMS UNION AGREEMENT CUSTOMS UNION FORMATION DEBT DEBT CRISIS DEPRECIATIONS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIRECTION OF TRADE DISPUTE MEASURES DISPUTE SETTLEMENT DOMESTIC INDUSTRIES DOMESTIC INDUSTRY DOMESTIC LEGISLATION DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC PRODUCTION DOMESTIC SUPPORT ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC CONTRACTION ECONOMIC CRISIS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC SHOCK ECONOMIC THEORIES ECONOMIC THEORY ESCAPE CLAUSE EUROPEAN UNION EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT COMPETITION EXPORT CREDIT EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT PRODUCTS EXPORTERS EXPORTS EXTERNAL TARIFF EXTERNALITIES FINANCIAL CRISIS FOREIGN COMPETITORS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN EXPORTERS FOREIGN FIRM FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN SOURCES FOREIGN SUPPLIERS FOREIGN TRADE FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS FUTURE RESEARCH GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBAL TRADE HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES IMBALANCES IMPORT IMPORT DATA IMPORT DEMAND IMPORT DUTIES IMPORT GROWTH IMPORT POLICY IMPORT PROCEDURES IMPORT PRODUCT IMPORT PRODUCTS IMPORT PROTECTION IMPORT REGIME IMPORT RESTRICTIONS IMPORT TARIFF IMPORT TARIFFS IMPORT VALUE IMPORTS OF POULTRY IMPORTS OF TEXTILES INCOME INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL RULES INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS LOCAL CURRENCIES LOSS OF COMPETITIVENESS LOW TARIFF MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS MACROECONOMIC CRISIS MACROECONOMIC FACTORS MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS MACROECONOMIC SHOCKS MANAGED TRADE MARKET ACCESS MARKET POWER MOST FAVORED NATION MULTILATERAL RULES NATIONAL TRADE POLICY NON-TARIFF BARRIERS OPTIMAL TARIFFS PANEL REPORT PANEL REPORTS POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POTENTIAL BENEFITS PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TARIFFS PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENT PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PRICE UNDERTAKING PROTECTIONISM PROTECTIONIST RAPID GROWTH REAL DEPRECIATION REAL EXCHANGE RATE REAL GDP RECESSION RELATIVELY LOW INFLATION SAFEGUARD MEASURES SOURCING SOVEREIGNTY TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF BINDING TARIFF BINDINGS TARIFF INCREASE TARIFF INCREASES TARIFF LEVELS TARIFF LINE TARIFF LINES TARIFF POLICY TARIFF PREFERENCES TARIFF QUOTA TARIFF RATE TARIFF RATES TARIFF REDUCTIONS TARIFF SCHEDULE TARIFF TREATMENT TAXATION TEXTILE IMPORTS TEXTILE INDUSTRY TOTAL EXPORTS TOTAL IMPORTS TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE ALERT TRADE BARRIER TRADE BARRIERS TRADE DIVERSION TRADE DIVERSION COSTS TRADE FLOWS TRADE IMBALANCE TRADE INDICATORS TRADE LIBERALISATION TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE MOTIVES TRADE NEGOTIATORS TRADE PARTNERS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE POLICY INSTRUMENTS TRADE POLICY REVIEW TRADE REGIME TRADE REGIMES TRADE RESTRICTIVENESS TRADE STATISTICS TRADEMARKS TRADING PARTNER TRADING PARTNERS TRADING SYSTEM UNCERTAINTY UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE URUGUAY ROUND VALUE OF TRADE WEIGHTS WORLD ECONOMY WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO Trade policy commitments to lower import tariffs and to maintain tariffs at low levels entail short and long-run political-economic costs and benefits. Empirical work examining the relationship between such commitments and the exercise of trade policy flexibilities is still relatively nascent, especially for emerging economies. This paper provides a rich, empirically-based assessment of ways that Turkey exercised trade policy flexibilities during the global economic crisis of 2008-11. First, and despite multilateral and customs union commitments that might limit changes to applied tariffs, Turkey made changes to both its applied Most Favored Nation and preferential tariffs that cumulatively affect nearly 9 percent of manufacturing imports and 10 percent of import product lines. Second, Turkey's cumulative application of temporary trade barrier (TTB) policies -- antidumping, safeguards and countervailing duties -- are estimated to impact by 2011 an additional 4 percent of imports and 6 percent of product lines. Other surprising results on Turkey's use of flexibilities include: extending the duration of previously imposed antidumping and safeguards beyond expected removal dates, removing one TTB policy over a set of products and immediately reapplying a different TTB policy, covering lengthy upstream and downstream segments of important industries, and deepening discriminatory preference margins already inherent in existing preferential trade agreements. 2013-01-25T22:22:48Z 2013-01-25T22:22:48Z 2013-01 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/17187093/trade-policy-flexibilities-turkey-tariffs-antidumping-safeguards-wto-dispute-settlement http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12161 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper; No. 6322 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Europe and Central Asia Turkey