Trade Policy Flexibilities and Turkey : Tariffs, Antidumping, Safeguards, and WTO Dispute Settlement

Trade policy commitments to lower import tariffs and to maintain tariffs at low levels entail short and long-run political-economic costs and benefits. Empirical work examining the relationship between such commitments and the exercise of trade pol...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Bown, Chad P.
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2013
Subjects:	AFFECTING IMPORTS AGREEMENT ON SAFEGUARDS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURE ANTI-DUMPING DUTY ANTI-DUMPING MEASURES ANTIDUMPING ANTIDUMPING ACTIONS ANTIDUMPING FILINGS ANTIDUMPING MEASURES ANTIDUMPING POLICY APPAREL APPLIED TARIFF AVERAGE TARIFF BARRIERS ON IMPORTS BILATERAL IMPORTS BUSINESS CYCLES COMMERCIAL POLICY CONCESSIONS CONSUMERS COUNTERVAILING DUTIES COUNTERVAILING MEASURES CURRENT ACCOUNT CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT CURRENT ACCOUNT IMBALANCE CURRENT ACCOUNT POSITION CUSTOMS CUSTOMS DUTIES CUSTOMS UNION CUSTOMS UNION AGREEMENT CUSTOMS UNION FORMATION DEBT DEBT CRISIS DEPRECIATIONS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIRECTION OF TRADE DISPUTE MEASURES DISPUTE SETTLEMENT DOMESTIC INDUSTRIES DOMESTIC INDUSTRY DOMESTIC LEGISLATION DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC PRODUCTION DOMESTIC SUPPORT ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC CONTRACTION ECONOMIC CRISIS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC SHOCK ECONOMIC THEORIES ECONOMIC THEORY ESCAPE CLAUSE EUROPEAN UNION EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT COMPETITION EXPORT CREDIT EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT PRODUCTS EXPORTERS EXPORTS EXTERNAL TARIFF EXTERNALITIES FINANCIAL CRISIS FOREIGN COMPETITORS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN EXPORTERS FOREIGN FIRM FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN SOURCES FOREIGN SUPPLIERS FOREIGN TRADE FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS FUTURE RESEARCH GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBAL TRADE HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES IMBALANCES IMPORT IMPORT DATA IMPORT DEMAND IMPORT DUTIES IMPORT GROWTH IMPORT POLICY IMPORT PROCEDURES IMPORT PRODUCT IMPORT PRODUCTS IMPORT PROTECTION IMPORT REGIME IMPORT RESTRICTIONS IMPORT TARIFF IMPORT TARIFFS IMPORT VALUE IMPORTS OF POULTRY IMPORTS OF TEXTILES INCOME INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL RULES INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS LOCAL CURRENCIES LOSS OF COMPETITIVENESS LOW TARIFF MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS MACROECONOMIC CRISIS MACROECONOMIC FACTORS MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS MACROECONOMIC SHOCKS MANAGED TRADE MARKET ACCESS MARKET POWER MOST FAVORED NATION MULTILATERAL RULES NATIONAL TRADE POLICY NON-TARIFF BARRIERS OPTIMAL TARIFFS PANEL REPORT PANEL REPORTS POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POTENTIAL BENEFITS PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TARIFFS PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENT PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PRICE UNDERTAKING PROTECTIONISM PROTECTIONIST RAPID GROWTH REAL DEPRECIATION REAL EXCHANGE RATE REAL GDP RECESSION RELATIVELY LOW INFLATION SAFEGUARD MEASURES SOURCING SOVEREIGNTY TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF BINDING TARIFF BINDINGS TARIFF INCREASE TARIFF INCREASES TARIFF LEVELS TARIFF LINE TARIFF LINES TARIFF POLICY TARIFF PREFERENCES TARIFF QUOTA TARIFF RATE TARIFF RATES TARIFF REDUCTIONS TARIFF SCHEDULE TARIFF TREATMENT TAXATION TEXTILE IMPORTS TEXTILE INDUSTRY TOTAL EXPORTS TOTAL IMPORTS TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE ALERT TRADE BARRIER TRADE BARRIERS TRADE DIVERSION TRADE DIVERSION COSTS TRADE FLOWS TRADE IMBALANCE TRADE INDICATORS TRADE LIBERALISATION TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE MOTIVES TRADE NEGOTIATORS TRADE PARTNERS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE POLICY INSTRUMENTS TRADE POLICY REVIEW TRADE REGIME TRADE REGIMES TRADE RESTRICTIVENESS TRADE STATISTICS TRADEMARKS TRADING PARTNER TRADING PARTNERS TRADING SYSTEM UNCERTAINTY UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE URUGUAY ROUND VALUE OF TRADE WEIGHTS WORLD ECONOMY WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/17187093/trade-policy-flexibilities-turkey-tariffs-antidumping-safeguards-wto-dispute-settlement http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12161

Description
Summary:	Trade policy commitments to lower import tariffs and to maintain tariffs at low levels entail short and long-run political-economic costs and benefits. Empirical work examining the relationship between such commitments and the exercise of trade policy flexibilities is still relatively nascent, especially for emerging economies. This paper provides a rich, empirically-based assessment of ways that Turkey exercised trade policy flexibilities during the global economic crisis of 2008-11. First, and despite multilateral and customs union commitments that might limit changes to applied tariffs, Turkey made changes to both its applied Most Favored Nation and preferential tariffs that cumulatively affect nearly 9 percent of manufacturing imports and 10 percent of import product lines. Second, Turkey's cumulative application of temporary trade barrier (TTB) policies -- antidumping, safeguards and countervailing duties -- are estimated to impact by 2011 an additional 4 percent of imports and 6 percent of product lines. Other surprising results on Turkey's use of flexibilities include: extending the duration of previously imposed antidumping and safeguards beyond expected removal dates, removing one TTB policy over a set of products and immediately reapplying a different TTB policy, covering lengthy upstream and downstream segments of important industries, and deepening discriminatory preference margins already inherent in existing preferential trade agreements.

Trade Policy Flexibilities and Turkey : Tariffs, Antidumping, Safeguards, and WTO Dispute Settlement

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