Is India’s Manufacturing Sector Moving Away from Cities?

This paper investigates the urbanization of the Indian manufacturing sector by combining enterprise data from formal and informal sectors. It finds that plants in the formal sector are moving away from urban and into rural locations, while the info...

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Main Authors:	Ghani, Ejaz, Goswami, Arti Grover, Kerr, William R.
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2013
Subjects:	ACCOUNTING ADB AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT BUILDING REGULATIONS CENSUSES CHANGE IN POPULATION DEBT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIES IN TRANSITION EIB EMPLOYMENT ENTREPRENEURSHIP EXTERNALITIES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSING HOUSING ECONOMICS HUMAN CAPITAL IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION INDUSTRIALIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEM INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION JOB CREATION LABOR COSTS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LACK OF INFORMATION LAND MARKETS LAND PRICES LAND SUPPLY LAND USE LAND USE REGULATIONS LAND VALUE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCATION DECISIONS METROPOLITAN AREAS METROPOLITAN CITIES MIGRATION MUNICIPAL REGULATIONS NATIONAL COUNCIL PACE OF URBANIZATION POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL TURMOIL POLLUTION POPULATION CENSUS POPULATION CHANGE POPULATION STUDIES PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS RADIO RESPECT ROADS RURAL AREAS RURAL POVERTY SAFE DRINKING WATER SAFE WATER SANITATION SECONDARY EDUCATION SKILLED WORKERS SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION SPATIAL MOBILITY STATISTICAL ANALYSES SUBDIVISIONS TELEVISION TOWNSHIPS TRANSPORT TRANSPORTATION UNITED NATIONS POPULATION DIVISION URBAN URBAN AREA URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTRES URBAN CONCENTRATION URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN ECONOMICS URBAN EMPLOYMENT URBAN GROWTH URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE URBAN LAND URBAN MOVEMENTS URBAN PLANS URBAN POPULATION URBAN ZONES URBANIZATION URBANIZATION PROCESS UTILITIES WAGE RATES WAGES WORKFORCE WORKING POPULATION ZONING REGULATIONS
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/11/16980982/indias-manufacturing-sector-moving-away-cities http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12114

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recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-121142021-04-23T14:02:59Z Is India’s Manufacturing Sector Moving Away from Cities? Ghani, Ejaz Goswami, Arti Grover Kerr, William R. ACCOUNTING ADB AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT BUILDING REGULATIONS CENSUSES CHANGE IN POPULATION DEBT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIES IN TRANSITION EIB EMPLOYMENT ENTREPRENEURSHIP EXTERNALITIES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSING HOUSING ECONOMICS HUMAN CAPITAL IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION INDUSTRIALIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEM INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION JOB CREATION LABOR COSTS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LACK OF INFORMATION LAND MARKETS LAND PRICES LAND SUPPLY LAND USE LAND USE REGULATIONS LAND VALUE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCATION DECISIONS METROPOLITAN AREAS METROPOLITAN CITIES MIGRATION MUNICIPAL REGULATIONS NATIONAL COUNCIL PACE OF URBANIZATION POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL TURMOIL POLLUTION POPULATION CENSUS POPULATION CHANGE POPULATION STUDIES PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS RADIO RESPECT ROADS RURAL AREAS RURAL POVERTY SAFE DRINKING WATER SAFE WATER SANITATION SECONDARY EDUCATION SKILLED WORKERS SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION SPATIAL MOBILITY STATISTICAL ANALYSES SUBDIVISIONS TELEVISION TOWNSHIPS TRANSPORT TRANSPORTATION UNITED NATIONS POPULATION DIVISION URBAN URBAN AREA URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTRES URBAN CONCENTRATION URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN ECONOMICS URBAN EMPLOYMENT URBAN GROWTH URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE URBAN LAND URBAN MOVEMENTS URBAN PLANS URBAN POPULATION URBAN ZONES URBANIZATION URBANIZATION PROCESS UTILITIES WAGE RATES WAGES WORKFORCE WORKING POPULATION ZONING REGULATIONS This paper investigates the urbanization of the Indian manufacturing sector by combining enterprise data from formal and informal sectors. It finds that plants in the formal sector are moving away from urban and into rural locations, while the informal sector is moving from rural to urban locations. Although the secular trend for India's manufacturing urbanization has slowed down, the localized importance of education and infrastructure has not. The results suggest that districts with better education and infrastructure have experienced a faster pace of urbanization, although higher urban-rural cost ratios cause movement out of urban areas. This process is associated with improvements in the spatial allocation of plants across urban and rural locations. Spatial location of plants has implications for policy on investments in education, infrastructure, and the livability of cities. The high share of urbanization occurring in the informal sector suggests that urbanization policies that contain inclusionary approaches may be more successful in promoting local development and managing its strains than those focused only on the formal sector. Cities are evolving in India from places of goods production to forges of human capital and coping mechanisms for survival. 2013-01-04T22:14:24Z 2013-01-04T22:14:24Z 2012-11 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/11/16980982/indias-manufacturing-sector-moving-away-cities http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12114 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper; No. 6271 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research South Asia India
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	ACCOUNTING ADB AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT BUILDING REGULATIONS CENSUSES CHANGE IN POPULATION DEBT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIES IN TRANSITION EIB EMPLOYMENT ENTREPRENEURSHIP EXTERNALITIES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSING HOUSING ECONOMICS HUMAN CAPITAL IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION INDUSTRIALIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEM INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION JOB CREATION LABOR COSTS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LACK OF INFORMATION LAND MARKETS LAND PRICES LAND SUPPLY LAND USE LAND USE REGULATIONS LAND VALUE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCATION DECISIONS METROPOLITAN AREAS METROPOLITAN CITIES MIGRATION MUNICIPAL REGULATIONS NATIONAL COUNCIL PACE OF URBANIZATION POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL TURMOIL POLLUTION POPULATION CENSUS POPULATION CHANGE POPULATION STUDIES PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS RADIO RESPECT ROADS RURAL AREAS RURAL POVERTY SAFE DRINKING WATER SAFE WATER SANITATION SECONDARY EDUCATION SKILLED WORKERS SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION SPATIAL MOBILITY STATISTICAL ANALYSES SUBDIVISIONS TELEVISION TOWNSHIPS TRANSPORT TRANSPORTATION UNITED NATIONS POPULATION DIVISION URBAN URBAN AREA URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTRES URBAN CONCENTRATION URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN ECONOMICS URBAN EMPLOYMENT URBAN GROWTH URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE URBAN LAND URBAN MOVEMENTS URBAN PLANS URBAN POPULATION URBAN ZONES URBANIZATION URBANIZATION PROCESS UTILITIES WAGE RATES WAGES WORKFORCE WORKING POPULATION ZONING REGULATIONS
spellingShingle	ACCOUNTING ADB AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT BUILDING REGULATIONS CENSUSES CHANGE IN POPULATION DEBT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIES IN TRANSITION EIB EMPLOYMENT ENTREPRENEURSHIP EXTERNALITIES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSING HOUSING ECONOMICS HUMAN CAPITAL IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION INDUSTRIALIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEM INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION JOB CREATION LABOR COSTS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LACK OF INFORMATION LAND MARKETS LAND PRICES LAND SUPPLY LAND USE LAND USE REGULATIONS LAND VALUE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCATION DECISIONS METROPOLITAN AREAS METROPOLITAN CITIES MIGRATION MUNICIPAL REGULATIONS NATIONAL COUNCIL PACE OF URBANIZATION POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL TURMOIL POLLUTION POPULATION CENSUS POPULATION CHANGE POPULATION STUDIES PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS RADIO RESPECT ROADS RURAL AREAS RURAL POVERTY SAFE DRINKING WATER SAFE WATER SANITATION SECONDARY EDUCATION SKILLED WORKERS SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION SPATIAL MOBILITY STATISTICAL ANALYSES SUBDIVISIONS TELEVISION TOWNSHIPS TRANSPORT TRANSPORTATION UNITED NATIONS POPULATION DIVISION URBAN URBAN AREA URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTRES URBAN CONCENTRATION URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN ECONOMICS URBAN EMPLOYMENT URBAN GROWTH URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE URBAN LAND URBAN MOVEMENTS URBAN PLANS URBAN POPULATION URBAN ZONES URBANIZATION URBANIZATION PROCESS UTILITIES WAGE RATES WAGES WORKFORCE WORKING POPULATION ZONING REGULATIONS Ghani, Ejaz Goswami, Arti Grover Kerr, William R. Is India’s Manufacturing Sector Moving Away from Cities?
geographic_facet	South Asia India
relation	Policy Research Working Paper; No. 6271
description	This paper investigates the urbanization of the Indian manufacturing sector by combining enterprise data from formal and informal sectors. It finds that plants in the formal sector are moving away from urban and into rural locations, while the informal sector is moving from rural to urban locations. Although the secular trend for India's manufacturing urbanization has slowed down, the localized importance of education and infrastructure has not. The results suggest that districts with better education and infrastructure have experienced a faster pace of urbanization, although higher urban-rural cost ratios cause movement out of urban areas. This process is associated with improvements in the spatial allocation of plants across urban and rural locations. Spatial location of plants has implications for policy on investments in education, infrastructure, and the livability of cities. The high share of urbanization occurring in the informal sector suggests that urbanization policies that contain inclusionary approaches may be more successful in promoting local development and managing its strains than those focused only on the formal sector. Cities are evolving in India from places of goods production to forges of human capital and coping mechanisms for survival.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Ghani, Ejaz Goswami, Arti Grover Kerr, William R.
author_facet	Ghani, Ejaz Goswami, Arti Grover Kerr, William R.
author_sort	Ghani, Ejaz
title	Is India’s Manufacturing Sector Moving Away from Cities?
title_short	Is India’s Manufacturing Sector Moving Away from Cities?
title_full	Is India’s Manufacturing Sector Moving Away from Cities?
title_fullStr	Is India’s Manufacturing Sector Moving Away from Cities?
title_full_unstemmed	Is India’s Manufacturing Sector Moving Away from Cities?
title_sort	is india’s manufacturing sector moving away from cities?
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2013
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/11/16980982/indias-manufacturing-sector-moving-away-cities http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12114
_version_	1764419045496455168

Is India’s Manufacturing Sector Moving Away from Cities?

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