India’s Economic Growth and Environmental Sustainability : What Are the Tradeoffs?

One of the key environmental problems facing India is that of particle pollution from the combustion of fossil fuels. This has serious health consequences and with the rapid growth in the economy these impacts are increasing. At the same time, econ...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Mani, Muthukumara, Markandya, Anil, Sagar, Aarsi, Sahin, Sebnem
Other Authors:	World Bank, Washington, DC
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	2013
Subjects:	ABATEMENT ABATEMENT COSTS ABRASION ACID ACID RAIN AIR AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AIR POLLUTION PROBLEMS AIR QUALITY ALTERNATIVE SCENARIOS AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS ANNUAL GROWTH RATE ASH BIOGAS BIOMASS BOILERS BUSINESS AS USUAL SCENARIO CALORIFIC VALUE CARBON CARBON ABATEMENT CARBON CAPTURE CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS CARBON EMISSIONS CARBON SEQUESTRATION CARBONIZATION CHEMICALS CIRCULAR FLOW CLEAN AIR CLEAN AIR ACT CLEAN ENERGY CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES CLEANER TECHNOLOGIES CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CO CO2 COAL COMBUSTION COMPENSATING WAGE DIFFERENTIALS CONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTS COST OF PRODUCTION CRUDE OIL DAMAGES DEFORESTATION DEMAND FOR ENERGY DEMOGRAPHICS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DIESEL DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACTS DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPLICATIONS ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC BENEFITS ECONOMIC COSTS ECONOMIC DATA ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC IMPACTS ECONOMIC INCENTIVES ECONOMICS ECOSYSTEM EFFICIENCY GAINS EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS ELASTICITIES ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY GENERATION EMISSION EMISSION ABATEMENT EMISSION BASELINE EMISSION COEFFICIENTS EMISSION CONTROL EMISSION DATA EMISSION ESTIMATES EMISSION LEVEL EMISSION LEVELS EMISSION REDUCTION EMISSION REDUCTION POLICIES EMISSION TAXES EMISSION TRADING EMISSIONS EMISSIONS FROM FUEL EMISSIONS FROM FUEL COMBUSTION EMISSIONS REDUCTION END-USE ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY POLICY ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY USE ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL TARGETS ENVIRONMENTAL TAXATION ENVIRONMENTAL TAXES EQUILIBRIUM EXTERNALITIES FATS FERROUS METALS FINANCIAL SECTOR FINANCIAL SUPPORT FISHING FOOD POLICY RESEARCH FOREST FORESTRY FORESTS FOSSIL FUEL FOSSIL FUEL USE FOSSIL FUELS FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL SUBSTITUTION FUEL USE GASES GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL GLOBAL WARMING GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS ABATEMENT GROWTH ASSUMPTIONS HEAVY FUEL OIL HYDROLOGY IMPACTS OF EMISSION REDUCTION INCOME INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT INTERMEDIATE GOODS INTERMEDIATE INPUTS IRON LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKETS LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR SUPPLY LEVELS OF EMISSIONS LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS MARGINAL ABATEMENT MARGINAL ABATEMENT COSTS MARGINAL COSTS METALS MONETARY TERMS NATIONAL ACCOUNTS NATURAL CAPITAL NATURAL GAS NATURAL RESOURCES NITRATES NITROGEN NITROGEN OXIDES NOX NUCLEAR ENERGY OIL OIL EQUIVALENT OIL PRICE OIL PRODUCTS OILS PAPER PRODUCTS PARTICLES PARTICULATE PARTICULATE MATTER PERFORMANCE STANDARDS PETROLEUM PRODUCTS PM10 POLICY INSTRUMENTS POLICY MAKERS POLICY SCENARIOS POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS POLLUTION POLLUTION CONTROL POLLUTION REDUCTION POPULATION GROWTH POWER GENERATION POWER PLANTS POWER STATIONS PP PRICE CHANGES PRICE TAG PRICE VOLATILITY PRIVATE CONSUMPTION PRODUCER PRICE PRODUCTION PROCESSES PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PUBLIC GOOD QUALITY STANDARDS RELATIVE PRICES RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH AGENDA RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESOURCE CONSERVATION RESOURCE ECONOMICS RESOURCE USE RISK MANAGEMENT RIVER BASINS SCENARIOS SO2 SOIL DEGRADATION SOX SUGAR CANE SULFATES SULFUR SULFUR DIOXIDE SULFUR EMISSIONS SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TAX RATES TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS TOTAL EMISSIONS TRADEOFFS TRANSPORT SECTOR UNCERTAINTIES URBAN AIR POLLUTION WASTE DISPOSAL WATER QUALITY WILLINGNESS TO PAY WOOD PRODUCTS WTP
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/09/16763166/india s-economic-growth-environmental-sustainability-tradeoffs http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12057

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Summary:	One of the key environmental problems facing India is that of particle pollution from the combustion of fossil fuels. This has serious health consequences and with the rapid growth in the economy these impacts are increasing. At the same time, economic growth is an imperative and policy makers are concerned about the possibility that pollution reduction measures could reduce growth significantly. This paper addresses the tradeoffs involved in controlling local pollutants such as particles. Using an established Computable General Equilibrium model, it evaluates the impacts of a tax on coal or on emissions of particles such that these instruments result in emission levels that are respectively 10 percent and 30 percent lower than they otherwise would be in 2030. The main findings are as follows: (i) A 10 percent particulate emission reduction results in a lower gross domestic product but the size of the reduction is modest; (ii) losses in gross domestic proudct from the tax are partly offset by the health gains from lower particle emissions; (iii) the taxes reduce emissions of carbon dioxide by about 590 million tons in 2030 in the case of the 10 percent reduction and 830 million tons in the case of the 30 percent reduction; and (iv) taken together, the carbon dioxide reduction and the health benefits are greater than the loss of gross domestic product in both cases.

India’s Economic Growth and Environmental Sustainability : What Are the Tradeoffs?

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