Effectiveness of Interventions Aimed atImproving Women’s Employability and Quality of Work : A Critical Review
This paper examines the effectiveness of a variety of policy interventions that have been tried in developing and transition economies with the goal of improving women's employability and quality of work. The programs include active labor mark...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2013
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/09/16704314/effectiveness-interventions-aimed-improving-womens-employability-quality-work-critical-review http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12043 |
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okr-10986-12043 |
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oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
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World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ACCOUNTING ACTIVE LABOR ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICY ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS ADULT MALES ADULT WOMEN ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES AGGREGATE UNEMPLOYMENT AGGREGATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE ALTERNATIVE PROGRAMS ATTRITION BARGAINING BORROWING CHILD-CARE CLASSROOM TRAINING COMPARISON GROUPS CONTROL GROUPS COUNTERFACTUAL CURRENT LABOR FORCE DATA QUALITY DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISPLACED WORKERS ECONOMICS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EMPLOYABILITY EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT CREATION EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS EMPLOYMENT HISTORY EMPLOYMENT IMPACTS EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES EMPLOYMENT PROBABILITIES EMPLOYMENT PROBABILITY EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS EMPLOYMENT RATE EMPLOYMENT SERVICES EMPLOYMENT STATUS EMPLOYMENT SUBSIDIES EVALUATION METHODS EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FAMILY POLICIES FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS FEMALE LABOR FINANCIAL MARKETS FINDING JOBS GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GROSS WAGE HEALTH INSURANCE HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES HIGH WAGE HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY IMPACT ANALYSIS IMPACT EVALUATION INCOME EARNING INCOME GAINS INCOME REDISTRIBUTION INCOME SOURCES INCOME SUPPORT INCOME SUPPORT PROGRAM INFORMAL SECTOR INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES INTERVENTION INTERVENTIONS JOB CREATION JOB DISPLACEMENT JOB OFFERS JOB PLACEMENT JOB SEARCH JOB SEARCH ASSISTANCE JOB SEARCH PROCESS JOB TRAINING JOB TRAINING PROGRAMS LABOR BUREAU LABOR BUREAUS LABOR FORCE LABOR INCOME LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCE LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LAID-OFF WORKERS LAND OWNERSHIP LANDLESS HOUSEHOLDS LAYOFF LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE LOCAL LABOR MARKET LOCAL LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS LOCAL LABOR MARKETS LOCAL LABOR OFFICE LONGITUDINAL DATA MALE PARTICIPANTS MARKET ECONOMY MARKET FAILURES MASS LAYOFFS MATCHING METHODS MINIMUM WAGE MINIMUM WAGES MODERATE UNEMPLOYMENT MOTIVATION NON-FARM SECTOR NONEXPERIMENTAL METHODS NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS OCCUPATIONS OLDER WORKERS OPPORTUNITY COSTS PARENTAL LEAVE PENSIONS POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION STUDIES POVERTY REDUCTION PRESENT EVIDENCE PRIOR WORK EXPERIENCE PRIVATE COMPANY PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR FIRMS PRIVATE SECTOR JOBS PROBECAT TRAINEES PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAM AVAILABILITY PROGRAM BENEFICIARIES PROGRAM BENEFICIARY PROGRAM CONDITIONAL PROGRAM COSTS PROGRAM EFFECTS PROGRAM EVALUATION PROGRAM IMPACTS PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM INTERVENTIONS PROGRAM SELECTION PROGRESS PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHING PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC WORKS PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS PURPOSEFUL JOBS QUESTIONNAIRES REAL INCOME REEMPLOYMENT PROGRAM REEMPLOYMENT PROJECT REEMPLOYMENT RATES REEMPLOYMENT SERVICE REGULAR JOB REGULAR JOBS RETIREMENT RETRAINING PROGRAM RETRAINING PROGRAMS SECTORAL POLICIES SEVERANCE PAYMENTS SMALL BUSINESS SMALL BUSINESSES SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL EXPERIMENTS SOCIAL PROGRAMS STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISE STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES SUBSTITUTION EFFECTS TARGETING TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT TRAINING COMPONENT TRAINING IMPACTS TRAINING PERIOD TRAINING PROGRAM TRAINING PROGRAMS TRAINING SERVICES TREATMENT EFFECTS TREATMENT GROUPS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED PEOPLE UNEMPLOYED PERSONS UNEMPLOYED POPULATION UNEMPLOYED WORKERS UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFIT UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS UNEMPLOYMENT OFFICE UNEMPLOYMENT SPELL UNEMPLOYMENT SPELLS VOCATIONAL TRAINING WAGE INCREASES WAGE RATE WAGE SUBSIDIES WAGE SUBSIDY WAGE SUBSIDY PROGRAM WAGE SUBSIDY PROGRAMS WORK CLOTHING WORK EXPERIENCE WORKER WORKER PRODUCTIVITY WORKFARE PARTICIPANTS WORKING CONDITIONS WORKING EXPERIENCE YOUNGER WORKERS YOUTH LABOR YOUTH TRAINING YOUTH TRAINING PROGRAMS |
| spellingShingle |
ACCOUNTING ACTIVE LABOR ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICY ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS ADULT MALES ADULT WOMEN ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES AGGREGATE UNEMPLOYMENT AGGREGATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE ALTERNATIVE PROGRAMS ATTRITION BARGAINING BORROWING CHILD-CARE CLASSROOM TRAINING COMPARISON GROUPS CONTROL GROUPS COUNTERFACTUAL CURRENT LABOR FORCE DATA QUALITY DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISPLACED WORKERS ECONOMICS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EMPLOYABILITY EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT CREATION EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS EMPLOYMENT HISTORY EMPLOYMENT IMPACTS EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES EMPLOYMENT PROBABILITIES EMPLOYMENT PROBABILITY EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS EMPLOYMENT RATE EMPLOYMENT SERVICES EMPLOYMENT STATUS EMPLOYMENT SUBSIDIES EVALUATION METHODS EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FAMILY POLICIES FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS FEMALE LABOR FINANCIAL MARKETS FINDING JOBS GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GROSS WAGE HEALTH INSURANCE HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES HIGH WAGE HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY IMPACT ANALYSIS IMPACT EVALUATION INCOME EARNING INCOME GAINS INCOME REDISTRIBUTION INCOME SOURCES INCOME SUPPORT INCOME SUPPORT PROGRAM INFORMAL SECTOR INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES INTERVENTION INTERVENTIONS JOB CREATION JOB DISPLACEMENT JOB OFFERS JOB PLACEMENT JOB SEARCH JOB SEARCH ASSISTANCE JOB SEARCH PROCESS JOB TRAINING JOB TRAINING PROGRAMS LABOR BUREAU LABOR BUREAUS LABOR FORCE LABOR INCOME LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCE LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LAID-OFF WORKERS LAND OWNERSHIP LANDLESS HOUSEHOLDS LAYOFF LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE LOCAL LABOR MARKET LOCAL LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS LOCAL LABOR MARKETS LOCAL LABOR OFFICE LONGITUDINAL DATA MALE PARTICIPANTS MARKET ECONOMY MARKET FAILURES MASS LAYOFFS MATCHING METHODS MINIMUM WAGE MINIMUM WAGES MODERATE UNEMPLOYMENT MOTIVATION NON-FARM SECTOR NONEXPERIMENTAL METHODS NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS OCCUPATIONS OLDER WORKERS OPPORTUNITY COSTS PARENTAL LEAVE PENSIONS POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION STUDIES POVERTY REDUCTION PRESENT EVIDENCE PRIOR WORK EXPERIENCE PRIVATE COMPANY PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR FIRMS PRIVATE SECTOR JOBS PROBECAT TRAINEES PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAM AVAILABILITY PROGRAM BENEFICIARIES PROGRAM BENEFICIARY PROGRAM CONDITIONAL PROGRAM COSTS PROGRAM EFFECTS PROGRAM EVALUATION PROGRAM IMPACTS PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM INTERVENTIONS PROGRAM SELECTION PROGRESS PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHING PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC WORKS PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS PURPOSEFUL JOBS QUESTIONNAIRES REAL INCOME REEMPLOYMENT PROGRAM REEMPLOYMENT PROJECT REEMPLOYMENT RATES REEMPLOYMENT SERVICE REGULAR JOB REGULAR JOBS RETIREMENT RETRAINING PROGRAM RETRAINING PROGRAMS SECTORAL POLICIES SEVERANCE PAYMENTS SMALL BUSINESS SMALL BUSINESSES SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL EXPERIMENTS SOCIAL PROGRAMS STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISE STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES SUBSTITUTION EFFECTS TARGETING TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT TRAINING COMPONENT TRAINING IMPACTS TRAINING PERIOD TRAINING PROGRAM TRAINING PROGRAMS TRAINING SERVICES TREATMENT EFFECTS TREATMENT GROUPS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED PEOPLE UNEMPLOYED PERSONS UNEMPLOYED POPULATION UNEMPLOYED WORKERS UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFIT UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS UNEMPLOYMENT OFFICE UNEMPLOYMENT SPELL UNEMPLOYMENT SPELLS VOCATIONAL TRAINING WAGE INCREASES WAGE RATE WAGE SUBSIDIES WAGE SUBSIDY WAGE SUBSIDY PROGRAM WAGE SUBSIDY PROGRAMS WORK CLOTHING WORK EXPERIENCE WORKER WORKER PRODUCTIVITY WORKFARE PARTICIPANTS WORKING CONDITIONS WORKING EXPERIENCE YOUNGER WORKERS YOUTH LABOR YOUTH TRAINING YOUTH TRAINING PROGRAMS Todd, Petra E. Effectiveness of Interventions Aimed atImproving Women’s Employability and Quality of Work : A Critical Review |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper; No. 6189 |
| description |
This paper examines the effectiveness of
a variety of policy interventions that have been tried in
developing and transition economies with the goal of
improving women's employability and quality of work.
The programs include active labor market programs, education
and training programs, programs that facilitate work (such
as childcare subsidies, parental leave programs and land
titling programs), microfinance programs, entrepreneurship
and leadership programs, and conditional cash transfer
programs. Some of these policy interventions were undertaken
to increase employment, some to increase female employment,
and some for other reasons. All of these programs have been
subjected to impact evaluations of different kinds and some
also to rigorous cost-benefit analyses. Many were found to
be effective in increasing women's quantity of work as
measured by increased rates of labor market participation
and number of hours worked. In some cases, the programs also
increased women's quality of work, for example, by
increasing the capacity for women to work in the formal
rather than the informal sector where wages are higher and
where women are more likely to have access to health,
retirement, and other benefits. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Todd, Petra E. |
| author_facet |
Todd, Petra E. |
| author_sort |
Todd, Petra E. |
| title |
Effectiveness of Interventions Aimed atImproving Women’s Employability and Quality of Work : A Critical Review |
| title_short |
Effectiveness of Interventions Aimed atImproving Women’s Employability and Quality of Work : A Critical Review |
| title_full |
Effectiveness of Interventions Aimed atImproving Women’s Employability and Quality of Work : A Critical Review |
| title_fullStr |
Effectiveness of Interventions Aimed atImproving Women’s Employability and Quality of Work : A Critical Review |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Effectiveness of Interventions Aimed atImproving Women’s Employability and Quality of Work : A Critical Review |
| title_sort |
effectiveness of interventions aimed atimproving women’s employability and quality of work : a critical review |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/09/16704314/effectiveness-interventions-aimed-improving-womens-employability-quality-work-critical-review http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12043 |
| _version_ |
1764418794702241792 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-120432021-04-23T14:02:59Z Effectiveness of Interventions Aimed atImproving Women’s Employability and Quality of Work : A Critical Review Todd, Petra E. ACCOUNTING ACTIVE LABOR ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICY ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS ADULT MALES ADULT WOMEN ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES AGGREGATE UNEMPLOYMENT AGGREGATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE ALTERNATIVE PROGRAMS ATTRITION BARGAINING BORROWING CHILD-CARE CLASSROOM TRAINING COMPARISON GROUPS CONTROL GROUPS COUNTERFACTUAL CURRENT LABOR FORCE DATA QUALITY DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISPLACED WORKERS ECONOMICS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EMPLOYABILITY EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT CREATION EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS EMPLOYMENT HISTORY EMPLOYMENT IMPACTS EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES EMPLOYMENT PROBABILITIES EMPLOYMENT PROBABILITY EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS EMPLOYMENT RATE EMPLOYMENT SERVICES EMPLOYMENT STATUS EMPLOYMENT SUBSIDIES EVALUATION METHODS EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FAMILY POLICIES FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS FEMALE LABOR FINANCIAL MARKETS FINDING JOBS GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GROSS WAGE HEALTH INSURANCE HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES HIGH WAGE HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY IMPACT ANALYSIS IMPACT EVALUATION INCOME EARNING INCOME GAINS INCOME REDISTRIBUTION INCOME SOURCES INCOME SUPPORT INCOME SUPPORT PROGRAM INFORMAL SECTOR INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES INTERVENTION INTERVENTIONS JOB CREATION JOB DISPLACEMENT JOB OFFERS JOB PLACEMENT JOB SEARCH JOB SEARCH ASSISTANCE JOB SEARCH PROCESS JOB TRAINING JOB TRAINING PROGRAMS LABOR BUREAU LABOR BUREAUS LABOR FORCE LABOR INCOME LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCE LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LAID-OFF WORKERS LAND OWNERSHIP LANDLESS HOUSEHOLDS LAYOFF LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE LOCAL LABOR MARKET LOCAL LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS LOCAL LABOR MARKETS LOCAL LABOR OFFICE LONGITUDINAL DATA MALE PARTICIPANTS MARKET ECONOMY MARKET FAILURES MASS LAYOFFS MATCHING METHODS MINIMUM WAGE MINIMUM WAGES MODERATE UNEMPLOYMENT MOTIVATION NON-FARM SECTOR NONEXPERIMENTAL METHODS NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS OCCUPATIONS OLDER WORKERS OPPORTUNITY COSTS PARENTAL LEAVE PENSIONS POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION STUDIES POVERTY REDUCTION PRESENT EVIDENCE PRIOR WORK EXPERIENCE PRIVATE COMPANY PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR FIRMS PRIVATE SECTOR JOBS PROBECAT TRAINEES PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAM AVAILABILITY PROGRAM BENEFICIARIES PROGRAM BENEFICIARY PROGRAM CONDITIONAL PROGRAM COSTS PROGRAM EFFECTS PROGRAM EVALUATION PROGRAM IMPACTS PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM INTERVENTIONS PROGRAM SELECTION PROGRESS PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHING PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC WORKS PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS PURPOSEFUL JOBS QUESTIONNAIRES REAL INCOME REEMPLOYMENT PROGRAM REEMPLOYMENT PROJECT REEMPLOYMENT RATES REEMPLOYMENT SERVICE REGULAR JOB REGULAR JOBS RETIREMENT RETRAINING PROGRAM RETRAINING PROGRAMS SECTORAL POLICIES SEVERANCE PAYMENTS SMALL BUSINESS SMALL BUSINESSES SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL EXPERIMENTS SOCIAL PROGRAMS STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISE STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES SUBSTITUTION EFFECTS TARGETING TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT TRAINING COMPONENT TRAINING IMPACTS TRAINING PERIOD TRAINING PROGRAM TRAINING PROGRAMS TRAINING SERVICES TREATMENT EFFECTS TREATMENT GROUPS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED PEOPLE UNEMPLOYED PERSONS UNEMPLOYED POPULATION UNEMPLOYED WORKERS UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFIT UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS UNEMPLOYMENT OFFICE UNEMPLOYMENT SPELL UNEMPLOYMENT SPELLS VOCATIONAL TRAINING WAGE INCREASES WAGE RATE WAGE SUBSIDIES WAGE SUBSIDY WAGE SUBSIDY PROGRAM WAGE SUBSIDY PROGRAMS WORK CLOTHING WORK EXPERIENCE WORKER WORKER PRODUCTIVITY WORKFARE PARTICIPANTS WORKING CONDITIONS WORKING EXPERIENCE YOUNGER WORKERS YOUTH LABOR YOUTH TRAINING YOUTH TRAINING PROGRAMS This paper examines the effectiveness of a variety of policy interventions that have been tried in developing and transition economies with the goal of improving women's employability and quality of work. The programs include active labor market programs, education and training programs, programs that facilitate work (such as childcare subsidies, parental leave programs and land titling programs), microfinance programs, entrepreneurship and leadership programs, and conditional cash transfer programs. Some of these policy interventions were undertaken to increase employment, some to increase female employment, and some for other reasons. All of these programs have been subjected to impact evaluations of different kinds and some also to rigorous cost-benefit analyses. Many were found to be effective in increasing women's quantity of work as measured by increased rates of labor market participation and number of hours worked. In some cases, the programs also increased women's quality of work, for example, by increasing the capacity for women to work in the formal rather than the informal sector where wages are higher and where women are more likely to have access to health, retirement, and other benefits. 2013-01-02T20:40:02Z 2013-01-02T20:40:02Z 2012-09 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/09/16704314/effectiveness-interventions-aimed-improving-womens-employability-quality-work-critical-review http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12043 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper; No. 6189 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research |