What Makes Cities More Competitive? Spatial Determinants of Entrepreneurship in India
Policy makers in both developed and developing countries want to make cities more competitive, attract entreprepreneurs, boost economic growth, and promote job creation. The authors examine the spatial location of entrepreneurs in India in manufact...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2013
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/09/16739346/makes-cities-more-competitive-spatial-determinants-entrepreneurship-india http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12042 |
| id |
okr-10986-12042 |
|---|---|
| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| spelling |
okr-10986-120422021-04-23T14:02:59Z What Makes Cities More Competitive? Spatial Determinants of Entrepreneurship in India Ghani, Ejaz Kerr, William R. O'Connell, Stephen D. ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER ACCOUNTING AGGREGATE PRODUCTIVITY BASIC SERVICES BRAIN DRAIN CAPITAL MARKET CAPITAL MARKETS CONTRACT LABOR DATA QUALITY DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DOWNWARD BIAS ECONOMIC GROWTH EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT LEVELS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT RATE EMPLOYMENT RATES EMPLOYMENTS ENTREPRENEUR ENTREPRENEURS ENTREPRENEURSHIP ENTRY RATE EXISTING BUSINESS EXPANSION EXPANSIONS EXTERNALITIES FIRM ENTRY FIRM PERFORMANCE FIRM SIZE FIRMS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FREE PRESS HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INFORMAL ECONOMY INFORMAL SECTOR INNOVATION JOB CREATION JOB SECURITY JOBS LABOR ADJUSTMENT LABOR DEMAND LABOR DISPUTES LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE LABOR LAWS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR MOBILITY LABOR REGULATION LABOR REGULATIONS LABOUR LICENSING LOCAL ENTREPRENEURS LOCAL INDUSTRIES LOCAL INDUSTRY LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE LONG-TERM EMPLOYMENT MANUFACTURERS MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY MULTI-PLANT FIRMS OCCUPATIONS OUTPUTS PAID WORKERS PAYROLL TAXES PLANT PRODUCTIVITY POLITICAL ECONOMY PRODUCT MARKET PRODUCT MARKETS PRODUCTION PROCESSES PRODUCTIVITY EFFECTS PRODUCTIVITY GAP RENTS ROADS SERVICE SECTOR SMALL BUSINESS SMALL BUSINESSES SMALL FIRMS SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SUPPLIER SUPPLIERS TAXATION TECHNOLOGY DIFFUSION TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TRADE LIBERALIZATION VENTURE CAPITAL WAGE BILL WAGE LEVELS WAGES WORKER WORKERS Policy makers in both developed and developing countries want to make cities more competitive, attract entreprepreneurs, boost economic growth, and promote job creation. The authors examine the spatial location of entrepreneurs in India in manufacturing and services sectors, as well as in the formal and informal sectors, in 630 districts spread across 35 states/union territories. They quantify entrepreneurship as young firms that are less than three years old, and define entry measures through employment in these new establishments. They develop metrics that unite the incumbent industrial structures of districts with the extent to which industries interact through the traditional agglomeration channels. The two most consistent factors that predict overall entrepreneurship for a district are its education and the quality of local physical infrastructure. These patterns are true for manufacturing and services. These relationships are much stronger in India than those found for the United States. The authors also find strong evidence of agglomeration economies in India's manufacturing sector. This influence is through both traditional Marshallian economies like a suitable labor force and proximity to customers and through the Chinitz effect that emphasizes small suppliers. India's footprints in structural transformation, urbanization, and manufacturing sector are still at an early stage. At such an early point and with industrial structures not yet entrenched, local policies and traits can have profound and lasting impacts by shaping where industries plant their roots. 2013-01-02T20:39:21Z 2013-01-02T20:39:21Z 2012-09 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/09/16739346/makes-cities-more-competitive-spatial-determinants-entrepreneurship-india http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12042 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper; No. 6198 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research South Asia India |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER ACCOUNTING AGGREGATE PRODUCTIVITY BASIC SERVICES BRAIN DRAIN CAPITAL MARKET CAPITAL MARKETS CONTRACT LABOR DATA QUALITY DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DOWNWARD BIAS ECONOMIC GROWTH EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT LEVELS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT RATE EMPLOYMENT RATES EMPLOYMENTS ENTREPRENEUR ENTREPRENEURS ENTREPRENEURSHIP ENTRY RATE EXISTING BUSINESS EXPANSION EXPANSIONS EXTERNALITIES FIRM ENTRY FIRM PERFORMANCE FIRM SIZE FIRMS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FREE PRESS HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INFORMAL ECONOMY INFORMAL SECTOR INNOVATION JOB CREATION JOB SECURITY JOBS LABOR ADJUSTMENT LABOR DEMAND LABOR DISPUTES LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE LABOR LAWS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR MOBILITY LABOR REGULATION LABOR REGULATIONS LABOUR LICENSING LOCAL ENTREPRENEURS LOCAL INDUSTRIES LOCAL INDUSTRY LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE LONG-TERM EMPLOYMENT MANUFACTURERS MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY MULTI-PLANT FIRMS OCCUPATIONS OUTPUTS PAID WORKERS PAYROLL TAXES PLANT PRODUCTIVITY POLITICAL ECONOMY PRODUCT MARKET PRODUCT MARKETS PRODUCTION PROCESSES PRODUCTIVITY EFFECTS PRODUCTIVITY GAP RENTS ROADS SERVICE SECTOR SMALL BUSINESS SMALL BUSINESSES SMALL FIRMS SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SUPPLIER SUPPLIERS TAXATION TECHNOLOGY DIFFUSION TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TRADE LIBERALIZATION VENTURE CAPITAL WAGE BILL WAGE LEVELS WAGES WORKER WORKERS |
| spellingShingle |
ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER ACCOUNTING AGGREGATE PRODUCTIVITY BASIC SERVICES BRAIN DRAIN CAPITAL MARKET CAPITAL MARKETS CONTRACT LABOR DATA QUALITY DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DOWNWARD BIAS ECONOMIC GROWTH EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT LEVELS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT RATE EMPLOYMENT RATES EMPLOYMENTS ENTREPRENEUR ENTREPRENEURS ENTREPRENEURSHIP ENTRY RATE EXISTING BUSINESS EXPANSION EXPANSIONS EXTERNALITIES FIRM ENTRY FIRM PERFORMANCE FIRM SIZE FIRMS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FREE PRESS HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INFORMAL ECONOMY INFORMAL SECTOR INNOVATION JOB CREATION JOB SECURITY JOBS LABOR ADJUSTMENT LABOR DEMAND LABOR DISPUTES LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE LABOR LAWS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR MOBILITY LABOR REGULATION LABOR REGULATIONS LABOUR LICENSING LOCAL ENTREPRENEURS LOCAL INDUSTRIES LOCAL INDUSTRY LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE LONG-TERM EMPLOYMENT MANUFACTURERS MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY MULTI-PLANT FIRMS OCCUPATIONS OUTPUTS PAID WORKERS PAYROLL TAXES PLANT PRODUCTIVITY POLITICAL ECONOMY PRODUCT MARKET PRODUCT MARKETS PRODUCTION PROCESSES PRODUCTIVITY EFFECTS PRODUCTIVITY GAP RENTS ROADS SERVICE SECTOR SMALL BUSINESS SMALL BUSINESSES SMALL FIRMS SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SUPPLIER SUPPLIERS TAXATION TECHNOLOGY DIFFUSION TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TRADE LIBERALIZATION VENTURE CAPITAL WAGE BILL WAGE LEVELS WAGES WORKER WORKERS Ghani, Ejaz Kerr, William R. O'Connell, Stephen D. What Makes Cities More Competitive? Spatial Determinants of Entrepreneurship in India |
| geographic_facet |
South Asia India |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper; No. 6198 |
| description |
Policy makers in both developed and
developing countries want to make cities more competitive,
attract entreprepreneurs, boost economic growth, and promote
job creation. The authors examine the spatial location of
entrepreneurs in India in manufacturing and services
sectors, as well as in the formal and informal sectors, in
630 districts spread across 35 states/union territories.
They quantify entrepreneurship as young firms that are less
than three years old, and define entry measures through
employment in these new establishments. They develop metrics
that unite the incumbent industrial structures of districts
with the extent to which industries interact through the
traditional agglomeration channels. The two most consistent
factors that predict overall entrepreneurship for a district
are its education and the quality of local physical
infrastructure. These patterns are true for manufacturing
and services. These relationships are much stronger in India
than those found for the United States. The authors also
find strong evidence of agglomeration economies in
India's manufacturing sector. This influence is through
both traditional Marshallian economies like a suitable labor
force and proximity to customers and through the Chinitz
effect that emphasizes small suppliers. India's
footprints in structural transformation, urbanization, and
manufacturing sector are still at an early stage. At such
an early point and with industrial structures not yet
entrenched, local policies and traits can have profound and
lasting impacts by shaping where industries plant their roots. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Ghani, Ejaz Kerr, William R. O'Connell, Stephen D. |
| author_facet |
Ghani, Ejaz Kerr, William R. O'Connell, Stephen D. |
| author_sort |
Ghani, Ejaz |
| title |
What Makes Cities More Competitive? Spatial Determinants of Entrepreneurship in India |
| title_short |
What Makes Cities More Competitive? Spatial Determinants of Entrepreneurship in India |
| title_full |
What Makes Cities More Competitive? Spatial Determinants of Entrepreneurship in India |
| title_fullStr |
What Makes Cities More Competitive? Spatial Determinants of Entrepreneurship in India |
| title_full_unstemmed |
What Makes Cities More Competitive? Spatial Determinants of Entrepreneurship in India |
| title_sort |
what makes cities more competitive? spatial determinants of entrepreneurship in india |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/09/16739346/makes-cities-more-competitive-spatial-determinants-entrepreneurship-india http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12042 |
| _version_ |
1764418820867358720 |