Gender Issues in Child Labor

This note reviews the available evidence on developing effective policies against child labor, outlining it requires attention to gender differences among working children. This is so because standard definitions of child labor tend to underestimat...

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Main Author:	World Bank
Other Authors:	Holtz, Paul
Format:	Brief
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ACCESS TO HEALTH ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE FACILITIES ACCOUNT ARMED CONFLICT CHILD CARE CHILD CARE COSTS CHILD HEALTH CHILD LABOR CHILD LABOR PREVENTION CHILD LABOUR DOMESTIC WORKERS EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENT RATE FEMALE EMPLOYMENT GENDER GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DIMENSIONS GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER ISSUES INTERVENTIONS OLDER CHILDREN OLDER GIRLS PARENTS PARTICIPATION RATES READING SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SOCIAL PROTECTION STREET CHILDREN WATER COLLECTION WORKING CHILDREN YOUNG CHILDREN
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/08/6331589/gender-issues-child-labor http://hdl.handle.net/10986/11210

id	okr-10986-11210
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-112102021-04-23T14:02:54Z Gender Issues in Child Labor World Bank Holtz, Paul ACCESS TO HEALTH ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE FACILITIES ACCOUNT ARMED CONFLICT CHILD CARE CHILD CARE COSTS CHILD HEALTH CHILD LABOR CHILD LABOR PREVENTION CHILD LABOUR DOMESTIC WORKERS EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENT RATE FEMALE EMPLOYMENT GENDER GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DIMENSIONS GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER ISSUES INTERVENTIONS OLDER CHILDREN OLDER GIRLS PARENTS PARTICIPATION RATES READING SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SOCIAL PROTECTION STREET CHILDREN WATER COLLECTION WORKING CHILDREN YOUNG CHILDREN This note reviews the available evidence on developing effective policies against child labor, outlining it requires attention to gender differences among working children. This is so because standard definitions of child labor tend to underestimate girls' work, because economic activities of boys and girls differ by country and industry; because determinants of child labor may differ by gender; and, because the consequences of child labor may differ by gender. A number of policy implications stem from evidence presented in this note, i.e., that including time use modules in household surveys would capture unpaid household chores performed by children, thereby providing more accurate estimates of total work time; interventions to reduce child labor should address its specific causes, and should recognize that these causes may differ by gender. The determinants of child labor should be examined by running separate regressions for boys and girls, or by interacting the gender dummy, with the main explanatory variables. Furthermore, investing in water infrastructure, providing low-cost child care, and increasing access to health care facilities can significantly reduce the time that girls spend on household chores, thereby increasing their school attendance. Finally, interventions aimed directly at increasing children's schooling-such as providing subsidies for school fees, reducing distance to schools, and improving school quality-are also likely to reduce the prevalence of child labor. 2012-08-13T14:27:27Z 2012-08-13T14:27:27Z 2005-08 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/08/6331589/gender-issues-child-labor http://hdl.handle.net/10986/11210 English PREM Notes; No. 100 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Brief Publications & Research
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	ACCESS TO HEALTH ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE FACILITIES ACCOUNT ARMED CONFLICT CHILD CARE CHILD CARE COSTS CHILD HEALTH CHILD LABOR CHILD LABOR PREVENTION CHILD LABOUR DOMESTIC WORKERS EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENT RATE FEMALE EMPLOYMENT GENDER GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DIMENSIONS GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER ISSUES INTERVENTIONS OLDER CHILDREN OLDER GIRLS PARENTS PARTICIPATION RATES READING SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SOCIAL PROTECTION STREET CHILDREN WATER COLLECTION WORKING CHILDREN YOUNG CHILDREN
spellingShingle	ACCESS TO HEALTH ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE FACILITIES ACCOUNT ARMED CONFLICT CHILD CARE CHILD CARE COSTS CHILD HEALTH CHILD LABOR CHILD LABOR PREVENTION CHILD LABOUR DOMESTIC WORKERS EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENT RATE FEMALE EMPLOYMENT GENDER GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DIMENSIONS GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER ISSUES INTERVENTIONS OLDER CHILDREN OLDER GIRLS PARENTS PARTICIPATION RATES READING SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SOCIAL PROTECTION STREET CHILDREN WATER COLLECTION WORKING CHILDREN YOUNG CHILDREN World Bank Gender Issues in Child Labor
relation	PREM Notes; No. 100
description	This note reviews the available evidence on developing effective policies against child labor, outlining it requires attention to gender differences among working children. This is so because standard definitions of child labor tend to underestimate girls' work, because economic activities of boys and girls differ by country and industry; because determinants of child labor may differ by gender; and, because the consequences of child labor may differ by gender. A number of policy implications stem from evidence presented in this note, i.e., that including time use modules in household surveys would capture unpaid household chores performed by children, thereby providing more accurate estimates of total work time; interventions to reduce child labor should address its specific causes, and should recognize that these causes may differ by gender. The determinants of child labor should be examined by running separate regressions for boys and girls, or by interacting the gender dummy, with the main explanatory variables. Furthermore, investing in water infrastructure, providing low-cost child care, and increasing access to health care facilities can significantly reduce the time that girls spend on household chores, thereby increasing their school attendance. Finally, interventions aimed directly at increasing children's schooling-such as providing subsidies for school fees, reducing distance to schools, and improving school quality-are also likely to reduce the prevalence of child labor.
author2	Holtz, Paul
author_facet	Holtz, Paul World Bank
format	Publications & Research :: Brief
author	World Bank
author_sort	World Bank
title	Gender Issues in Child Labor
title_short	Gender Issues in Child Labor
title_full	Gender Issues in Child Labor
title_fullStr	Gender Issues in Child Labor
title_full_unstemmed	Gender Issues in Child Labor
title_sort	gender issues in child labor
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2012
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/08/6331589/gender-issues-child-labor http://hdl.handle.net/10986/11210
_version_	1764415918737195008

Gender Issues in Child Labor

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