$Toxicity study on Clinacanthus nutans leaf hexane fraction using Danio rerio embryos$

Toxicity study on Clinacanthus nutans leaf hexane fraction using Danio rerio embryos

Clinacanthus nutans, an herbal shrub belonging to the Acanthaceae family, is traditionally used as a functional food to treat various ailments in Malaysia and Indonesia. Although the polar fraction of this plant shows nontoxic effect, the toxicity of the non-polar extract is not reported so far. Th...

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Main Authors:	Murugesu, Suganya, Khatib, Alfi, Ahmed, Qamar Uddin, Ibrahim, Zalikha, Uzir, Bisha Fathamah, Benchoula, Khaled, Nik Yusoff, Nik Mohd. Idris, Perumal, Vikneswari, Alajmi, Mohamed Fahad, Salamah, Sahal, El-Seedi, Hesham
Format:	Article
Language:	English English
Published:	Elsevier 2019
Subjects:	R Medicine (General)
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/79118/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/79118/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/79118/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/79118/1/murugesu%20TOXREP.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/79118/7/Scopus%20-toxicity%20study%20on%20clinacanthus.pdf

id	iium-79118
recordtype	eprints
spelling	iium-791182020-02-26T03:44:48Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/79118/ Toxicity study on Clinacanthus nutans leaf hexane fraction using Danio rerio embryos Murugesu, Suganya Khatib, Alfi Ahmed, Qamar Uddin Ibrahim, Zalikha Uzir, Bisha Fathamah Benchoula, Khaled Nik Yusoff, Nik Mohd. Idris Perumal, Vikneswari Alajmi, Mohamed Fahad Salamah, Sahal El-Seedi, Hesham R Medicine (General) Clinacanthus nutans, an herbal shrub belonging to the Acanthaceae family, is traditionally used as a functional food to treat various ailments in Malaysia and Indonesia. Although the polar fraction of this plant shows nontoxic effect, the toxicity of the non-polar extract is not reported so far. The present study aimed to assess the toxic effect and determine the lethal concentration of this non-polar fraction using zebrafish embryos. The n-hexane fraction was partitioned from the crude extract of C. nutans obtained using 80% methanolic solution. After spawning of the adult male and female zebrafish, the eggs were collected, transferred into a 96-well plate and incubated with the n-hexane fraction at concentrations of 15.63 μg/ml, 31.25 μg/ml, 62.5 μg/ml, 125 μg/ml, 250 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml in 2% DMSO. The survival and sublethal endpoint were assessed, the mortality and hatchability rates were calculated based on microscopic observation, while the heartbeat rate was measured using DanioScope software. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of the C. nutans n-hexane fraction, which was determined using probit analysis, was calculated to be 75.49 μg/mL, which is harmful. Moreover, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis revealed the presence of palmitic acid, phytol, hexadecanoic acid, 1-monopalmitin, stigmast-5-ene, pentadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, 1-linolenoylglycerol and stigmasterol in the n-hexane fraction. Elsevier 2019-10-25 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/79118/1/murugesu%20TOXREP.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/79118/7/Scopus%20-toxicity%20study%20on%20clinacanthus.pdf Murugesu, Suganya and Khatib, Alfi and Ahmed, Qamar Uddin and Ibrahim, Zalikha and Uzir, Bisha Fathamah and Benchoula, Khaled and Nik Yusoff, Nik Mohd. Idris and Perumal, Vikneswari and Alajmi, Mohamed Fahad and Salamah, Sahal and El-Seedi, Hesham (2019) Toxicity study on Clinacanthus nutans leaf hexane fraction using Danio rerio embryos. Toxicology Reports, 6. pp. 1148-1154. ISSN 22147500 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214750019300800 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.10.020
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	International Islamic University Malaysia
building	IIUM Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English English
topic	R Medicine (General)
spellingShingle	R Medicine (General) Murugesu, Suganya Khatib, Alfi Ahmed, Qamar Uddin Ibrahim, Zalikha Uzir, Bisha Fathamah Benchoula, Khaled Nik Yusoff, Nik Mohd. Idris Perumal, Vikneswari Alajmi, Mohamed Fahad Salamah, Sahal El-Seedi, Hesham Toxicity study on Clinacanthus nutans leaf hexane fraction using Danio rerio embryos
description	Clinacanthus nutans, an herbal shrub belonging to the Acanthaceae family, is traditionally used as a functional food to treat various ailments in Malaysia and Indonesia. Although the polar fraction of this plant shows nontoxic effect, the toxicity of the non-polar extract is not reported so far. The present study aimed to assess the toxic effect and determine the lethal concentration of this non-polar fraction using zebrafish embryos. The n-hexane fraction was partitioned from the crude extract of C. nutans obtained using 80% methanolic solution. After spawning of the adult male and female zebrafish, the eggs were collected, transferred into a 96-well plate and incubated with the n-hexane fraction at concentrations of 15.63 μg/ml, 31.25 μg/ml, 62.5 μg/ml, 125 μg/ml, 250 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml in 2% DMSO. The survival and sublethal endpoint were assessed, the mortality and hatchability rates were calculated based on microscopic observation, while the heartbeat rate was measured using DanioScope software. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of the C. nutans n-hexane fraction, which was determined using probit analysis, was calculated to be 75.49 μg/mL, which is harmful. Moreover, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis revealed the presence of palmitic acid, phytol, hexadecanoic acid, 1-monopalmitin, stigmast-5-ene, pentadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, 1-linolenoylglycerol and stigmasterol in the n-hexane fraction.
format	Article
author	Murugesu, Suganya Khatib, Alfi Ahmed, Qamar Uddin Ibrahim, Zalikha Uzir, Bisha Fathamah Benchoula, Khaled Nik Yusoff, Nik Mohd. Idris Perumal, Vikneswari Alajmi, Mohamed Fahad Salamah, Sahal El-Seedi, Hesham
author_facet	Murugesu, Suganya Khatib, Alfi Ahmed, Qamar Uddin Ibrahim, Zalikha Uzir, Bisha Fathamah Benchoula, Khaled Nik Yusoff, Nik Mohd. Idris Perumal, Vikneswari Alajmi, Mohamed Fahad Salamah, Sahal El-Seedi, Hesham
author_sort	Murugesu, Suganya
title	Toxicity study on Clinacanthus nutans leaf hexane fraction using Danio rerio embryos
title_short	Toxicity study on Clinacanthus nutans leaf hexane fraction using Danio rerio embryos
title_full	Toxicity study on Clinacanthus nutans leaf hexane fraction using Danio rerio embryos
title_fullStr	Toxicity study on Clinacanthus nutans leaf hexane fraction using Danio rerio embryos
title_full_unstemmed	Toxicity study on Clinacanthus nutans leaf hexane fraction using Danio rerio embryos
title_sort	toxicity study on clinacanthus nutans leaf hexane fraction using danio rerio embryos
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2019
url	http://irep.iium.edu.my/79118/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/79118/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/79118/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/79118/1/murugesu%20TOXREP.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/79118/7/Scopus%20-toxicity%20study%20on%20clinacanthus.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T21:51:15Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T21:51:15Z
_version_	1777413784540807168

Toxicity study on Clinacanthus nutans leaf hexane fraction using Danio rerio embryos

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