Anticancer activity of grassy Hystrix brachyura bezoar and its mechanisms of action: An in vitro and in vivo based study

Porcupine bezoar (PB) is a calcified undigested material generally found in porcupine’s (Hystrix brachyura) gastrointestinal tract. The bezoar is traditionally used in South East Asia and Europe for the treatment of cancer, poisoning, dengue, typhoid, etc. However, limited scientific studies have...

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Main Authors:	Firus Khan, Al’aina Yuhainis, Ahmed, Qamar Uddin, Narayanamurthy, Vigneswaran, Razali, Shakirah, Abdullah Asuhaimi, Faizah, Saleh, Mohammed S.M., Johan, Muhammad Farid, Khatib, Alfi, Seeni, Azman, Abdul Wahab, Ridhwan
Format:	Article
Language:	English English
Published:	Elsevier 2019
Subjects:	Q Science (General)
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/72384/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/72384/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/72384/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/72384/1/72384%20Anticancer%20activity%20of%20grassy%20Hystrix%20brachyura%20bezoar.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/72384/2/72384%20Anticancer%20activity%20of%20grassy%20Hystrix%20brachyura%20bezoar%20SCOPUS.pdf

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spelling	iium-723842019-07-16T10:30:01Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/72384/ Anticancer activity of grassy Hystrix brachyura bezoar and its mechanisms of action: An in vitro and in vivo based study Firus Khan, Al’aina Yuhainis Ahmed, Qamar Uddin Narayanamurthy, Vigneswaran Razali, Shakirah Abdullah Asuhaimi, Faizah Saleh, Mohammed S.M. Johan, Muhammad Farid Khatib, Alfi Seeni, Azman Abdul Wahab, Ridhwan Q Science (General) Porcupine bezoar (PB) is a calcified undigested material generally found in porcupine’s (Hystrix brachyura) gastrointestinal tract. The bezoar is traditionally used in South East Asia and Europe for the treatment of cancer, poisoning, dengue, typhoid, etc. However, limited scientific studies have been performed to verify its anticancer potential to substantiate its traditional claims in the treatment of cancers. Hence, this study was aimed at investigating the in vitro and in vivo anticancer properties of two grassy PB aqueous extract (PB-A and PB-B) using A375 cancer cell line and zebrafish model, respectively. This paper presents the first report on in vitro A375 cell viability assay, apoptosis assay, cell cycle arrest assay, migration assay, invasion assay, qPCR experimental assay and in vivo anti-angiogenesis assay using the grassy PBs. Experimental findings revealed IC50 value are 26.59 ± 1.37 μg/mL and 30.12 ± 3.25 μg/mL for PB-A and PB-B respectively. PBs showed anti-proliferative activity with no significant cytotoxic effect on normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF). PBs were also found to induce apoptosis via intrinsic pathway and arrest cell cycle at G2/M phase. Additionally, the findings indicated its ability to debilitate migration and invasion of A375 cells. Further evaluation using embryo zebrafish model revealed LC50 = 450.0 ± 2.50 μg/mL and 58.7 ± 5.0 μg/mL for PB-A and PB-B which also exerted anti-angiogenesis effect in zebrafish. Moreover, stearic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid and pregnenolone were identified as possible metabolites that might contribute to the anticancer effect of the both PBs. Overall, this study demonstrated that PB-A and PB-B possess potential in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects which are elicited through selective cytotoxic effect, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of migration and invasion and anti-angiogenesis. This study provides scientific evidence that the porcupine bezoar do possess anti-cancer efficacy and further justifies its traditional utility. However, more experiments with higher vertebrae models are still warranted to validate its traditional claims as an anticancer agent. Elsevier 2019-06 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/72384/1/72384%20Anticancer%20activity%20of%20grassy%20Hystrix%20brachyura%20bezoar.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/72384/2/72384%20Anticancer%20activity%20of%20grassy%20Hystrix%20brachyura%20bezoar%20SCOPUS.pdf Firus Khan, Al’aina Yuhainis and Ahmed, Qamar Uddin and Narayanamurthy, Vigneswaran and Razali, Shakirah and Abdullah Asuhaimi, Faizah and Saleh, Mohammed S.M. and Johan, Muhammad Farid and Khatib, Alfi and Seeni, Azman and Abdul Wahab, Ridhwan (2019) Anticancer activity of grassy Hystrix brachyura bezoar and its mechanisms of action: An in vitro and in vivo based study. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 114. pp. 1-13. ISSN 0753-3322 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332218387717 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108841
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	International Islamic University Malaysia
building	IIUM Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English English
topic	Q Science (General)
spellingShingle	Q Science (General) Firus Khan, Al’aina Yuhainis Ahmed, Qamar Uddin Narayanamurthy, Vigneswaran Razali, Shakirah Abdullah Asuhaimi, Faizah Saleh, Mohammed S.M. Johan, Muhammad Farid Khatib, Alfi Seeni, Azman Abdul Wahab, Ridhwan Anticancer activity of grassy Hystrix brachyura bezoar and its mechanisms of action: An in vitro and in vivo based study
description	Porcupine bezoar (PB) is a calcified undigested material generally found in porcupine’s (Hystrix brachyura) gastrointestinal tract. The bezoar is traditionally used in South East Asia and Europe for the treatment of cancer, poisoning, dengue, typhoid, etc. However, limited scientific studies have been performed to verify its anticancer potential to substantiate its traditional claims in the treatment of cancers. Hence, this study was aimed at investigating the in vitro and in vivo anticancer properties of two grassy PB aqueous extract (PB-A and PB-B) using A375 cancer cell line and zebrafish model, respectively. This paper presents the first report on in vitro A375 cell viability assay, apoptosis assay, cell cycle arrest assay, migration assay, invasion assay, qPCR experimental assay and in vivo anti-angiogenesis assay using the grassy PBs. Experimental findings revealed IC50 value are 26.59 ± 1.37 μg/mL and 30.12 ± 3.25 μg/mL for PB-A and PB-B respectively. PBs showed anti-proliferative activity with no significant cytotoxic effect on normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF). PBs were also found to induce apoptosis via intrinsic pathway and arrest cell cycle at G2/M phase. Additionally, the findings indicated its ability to debilitate migration and invasion of A375 cells. Further evaluation using embryo zebrafish model revealed LC50 = 450.0 ± 2.50 μg/mL and 58.7 ± 5.0 μg/mL for PB-A and PB-B which also exerted anti-angiogenesis effect in zebrafish. Moreover, stearic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid and pregnenolone were identified as possible metabolites that might contribute to the anticancer effect of the both PBs. Overall, this study demonstrated that PB-A and PB-B possess potential in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects which are elicited through selective cytotoxic effect, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of migration and invasion and anti-angiogenesis. This study provides scientific evidence that the porcupine bezoar do possess anti-cancer efficacy and further justifies its traditional utility. However, more experiments with higher vertebrae models are still warranted to validate its traditional claims as an anticancer agent.
format	Article
author	Firus Khan, Al’aina Yuhainis Ahmed, Qamar Uddin Narayanamurthy, Vigneswaran Razali, Shakirah Abdullah Asuhaimi, Faizah Saleh, Mohammed S.M. Johan, Muhammad Farid Khatib, Alfi Seeni, Azman Abdul Wahab, Ridhwan
author_facet	Firus Khan, Al’aina Yuhainis Ahmed, Qamar Uddin Narayanamurthy, Vigneswaran Razali, Shakirah Abdullah Asuhaimi, Faizah Saleh, Mohammed S.M. Johan, Muhammad Farid Khatib, Alfi Seeni, Azman Abdul Wahab, Ridhwan
author_sort	Firus Khan, Al’aina Yuhainis
title	Anticancer activity of grassy Hystrix brachyura bezoar and its mechanisms of action: An in vitro and in vivo based study
title_short	Anticancer activity of grassy Hystrix brachyura bezoar and its mechanisms of action: An in vitro and in vivo based study
title_full	Anticancer activity of grassy Hystrix brachyura bezoar and its mechanisms of action: An in vitro and in vivo based study
title_fullStr	Anticancer activity of grassy Hystrix brachyura bezoar and its mechanisms of action: An in vitro and in vivo based study
title_full_unstemmed	Anticancer activity of grassy Hystrix brachyura bezoar and its mechanisms of action: An in vitro and in vivo based study
title_sort	anticancer activity of grassy hystrix brachyura bezoar and its mechanisms of action: an in vitro and in vivo based study
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2019
url	http://irep.iium.edu.my/72384/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/72384/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/72384/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/72384/1/72384%20Anticancer%20activity%20of%20grassy%20Hystrix%20brachyura%20bezoar.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/72384/2/72384%20Anticancer%20activity%20of%20grassy%20Hystrix%20brachyura%20bezoar%20SCOPUS.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T21:42:34Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T21:42:34Z
_version_	1777413237458862080

Anticancer activity of grassy Hystrix brachyura bezoar and its mechanisms of action: An in vitro and in vivo based study

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