Heating or cooling: temperature effects on the synthesis of atomically precise gold nanoclusters

Developing an efficient, well-controlled synthesis strategy for gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) is crucial for delivering their expected applications in many fields; and such development requires fundamental understandings on the synthetic chemistry. The synthesis of Au NCs typically consists of a pair o...

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Main Authors:	Chen, Tiankai, Yao, Qiaofeng, Yuan, Xun, Nasaruddin, Ricca Rahman, Xie, Jianping
Format:	Article
Language:	English English English
Published:	American Chemical Society 2017
Subjects:	QD Chemistry TP155 Chemical engineering
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/1/69309_Heating%20or%20Cooling.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/2/69309_Heating%20or%20Cooling_SCOPUS.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/3/69309_Heating%20or%20Cooling_WOS.pdf

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spelling	iium-693092019-06-19T02:59:43Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/ Heating or cooling: temperature effects on the synthesis of atomically precise gold nanoclusters Chen, Tiankai Yao, Qiaofeng Yuan, Xun Nasaruddin, Ricca Rahman Xie, Jianping QD Chemistry TP155 Chemical engineering Developing an efficient, well-controlled synthesis strategy for gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) is crucial for delivering their expected applications in many fields; and such development requires fundamental understandings on the synthetic chemistry. The synthesis of Au NCs typically consists of a pair of reversible reactions: a fast reduction-growth reaction and a slow size-focusing reaction. Here we demonstrate that the above two reactions can be well-balanced while accelerated in a heated synthesis protocol, thus providing an efficient and scalable synthesis method to obtain thermodynamically favorable Au25(SR)18 NCs (SR denotes thiolate ligand) with high yield (>95% on gold atom basis) and fast kinetics. By investigating the Au NC formation behavior at different temperature, we identified the endothermic nature of the reductive formation of Au25(SR)18 NCs from Au(I)-thiolate complex precursors. More interestingly, if overheated, after the formation of Au25(SR)18, there exists an irreversible first-order reaction, which could transform Au25(SR)18 into Au NCs of mixed sizes. As a result, 40 °C is identified as the optimal temperature to synthesize Au25(SR)18 in aqueous solution, as the half-life of the transformation reaction (67.8 h) is much longer than the time needed to obtain high yield Au25(SR)18. The detailed understandings on the temperature effects of Au NC synthesis would facilitate the development of efficient synthesis strategies for atomically precise Au NCs with predesigned size, composition and structure. American Chemical Society 2017 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/1/69309_Heating%20or%20Cooling.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/2/69309_Heating%20or%20Cooling_SCOPUS.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/3/69309_Heating%20or%20Cooling_WOS.pdf Chen, Tiankai and Yao, Qiaofeng and Yuan, Xun and Nasaruddin, Ricca Rahman and Xie, Jianping (2017) Heating or cooling: temperature effects on the synthesis of atomically precise gold nanoclusters. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 121 (20). pp. 10743-10751. ISSN 1932-7447 https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b10847 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b10847
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	International Islamic University Malaysia
building	IIUM Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English English English
topic	QD Chemistry TP155 Chemical engineering
spellingShingle	QD Chemistry TP155 Chemical engineering Chen, Tiankai Yao, Qiaofeng Yuan, Xun Nasaruddin, Ricca Rahman Xie, Jianping Heating or cooling: temperature effects on the synthesis of atomically precise gold nanoclusters
description	Developing an efficient, well-controlled synthesis strategy for gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) is crucial for delivering their expected applications in many fields; and such development requires fundamental understandings on the synthetic chemistry. The synthesis of Au NCs typically consists of a pair of reversible reactions: a fast reduction-growth reaction and a slow size-focusing reaction. Here we demonstrate that the above two reactions can be well-balanced while accelerated in a heated synthesis protocol, thus providing an efficient and scalable synthesis method to obtain thermodynamically favorable Au25(SR)18 NCs (SR denotes thiolate ligand) with high yield (>95% on gold atom basis) and fast kinetics. By investigating the Au NC formation behavior at different temperature, we identified the endothermic nature of the reductive formation of Au25(SR)18 NCs from Au(I)-thiolate complex precursors. More interestingly, if overheated, after the formation of Au25(SR)18, there exists an irreversible first-order reaction, which could transform Au25(SR)18 into Au NCs of mixed sizes. As a result, 40 °C is identified as the optimal temperature to synthesize Au25(SR)18 in aqueous solution, as the half-life of the transformation reaction (67.8 h) is much longer than the time needed to obtain high yield Au25(SR)18. The detailed understandings on the temperature effects of Au NC synthesis would facilitate the development of efficient synthesis strategies for atomically precise Au NCs with predesigned size, composition and structure.
format	Article
author	Chen, Tiankai Yao, Qiaofeng Yuan, Xun Nasaruddin, Ricca Rahman Xie, Jianping
author_facet	Chen, Tiankai Yao, Qiaofeng Yuan, Xun Nasaruddin, Ricca Rahman Xie, Jianping
author_sort	Chen, Tiankai
title	Heating or cooling: temperature effects on the synthesis of atomically precise gold nanoclusters
title_short	Heating or cooling: temperature effects on the synthesis of atomically precise gold nanoclusters
title_full	Heating or cooling: temperature effects on the synthesis of atomically precise gold nanoclusters
title_fullStr	Heating or cooling: temperature effects on the synthesis of atomically precise gold nanoclusters
title_full_unstemmed	Heating or cooling: temperature effects on the synthesis of atomically precise gold nanoclusters
title_sort	heating or cooling: temperature effects on the synthesis of atomically precise gold nanoclusters
publisher	American Chemical Society
publishDate	2017
url	http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/1/69309_Heating%20or%20Cooling.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/2/69309_Heating%20or%20Cooling_SCOPUS.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/3/69309_Heating%20or%20Cooling_WOS.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T21:38:23Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T21:38:23Z
_version_	1777412974353317888

Heating or cooling: temperature effects on the synthesis of atomically precise gold nanoclusters

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