Development and validation of a novel general medication adherence scale (GMAS) for chronic illness patients in Pakistan

Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a self-reporting adherence tool termed as General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS) in Urdu language for measuring adherence toward medication use among Pakistani patients with a chronic disease. Methods: A month-long study (December 2017) was c...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Naqvi, Atta Abbas, Hassali, Mohamed Azmi, Rizvi, Mehwish, Zehra, Ale, Iffat, Wajiha, Haseeb, Abdul, Jamshed, Shazia
Format:	Article
Language:	English English English
Published:	Frontiers 2018
Subjects:	RS Pharmacy and materia medica
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/66987/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/66987/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/66987/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/66987/1/Development_and_Validation_of_a_Novel_General_Medi.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/66987/13/66987%20Development%20and%20validation%20of%20a%20novel%20SCOPUS.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/66987/7/66987%20Development%20and%20validation%20of%20a%20novel%20general%20medication%20adherence%20scale%20%28GMAS%29%20for%20chronic%20illness%20patients%20in%20Pakistan_wos.pdf

id	iium-66987
recordtype	eprints
spelling	iium-669872019-03-13T07:03:41Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/66987/ Development and validation of a novel general medication adherence scale (GMAS) for chronic illness patients in Pakistan Naqvi, Atta Abbas Hassali, Mohamed Azmi Rizvi, Mehwish Zehra, Ale Iffat, Wajiha Haseeb, Abdul Jamshed, Shazia RS Pharmacy and materia medica Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a self-reporting adherence tool termed as General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS) in Urdu language for measuring adherence toward medication use among Pakistani patients with a chronic disease. Methods: A month-long study (December 2017) was conducted in three tertiary health care settings of Karachi, Pakistan. The tool underwent content and face validity as well as factor analyses, i.e., exploratory, partial confirmatory and confirmatory factor analyses. Random sampling was conducted, and sample size was calculated using item response theory. The item-to-respondent ratio was 1:15. Fit indices namely normed fit index (NFI), Tucker Lewis index (TLI), comparative fit index (CFI), goodness of fit index (GFI), absolute goodness of fit (AGFI), parsimony goodness of fit index (PGFI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and standard root mean square residual (SRMR) were calculated. Additionally, estimation of the convergent, discriminant and known group validities, was conducted. Internal consistency was analyzed by testretest reliability, McDonald’s and Pearson correlation coefficient. The factor analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS version 22 and IBM SPSS AMOS version 25. Results: Content validity index (CVI) was reported at 0.8 (SD 0.147) and the tool was content validated with three hypothetical constructs. Factor analyses highlighted a 3- factor structure. The fit indices were calculated with satisfactory results, i.e., PGFI, GFI, AGFI, NFI, TLI, and CFI were greater than 0.9 and PGFI > 0.5. The values of RMSEA and SRMR were less than 0.07. A Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.84 was obtained in reliability analysis. The test-retest Pearson’s correlation coefficient value was reported at 0.996 (p-value < 0.01). Convergent and discriminant validities for all constructs and, known group validity for two constructs, were established. A high response rate of 91% was achieved in respondents. Patients without insurance coverage appeared to be low adherent compared to those with insurance coverage (p-value < 0.05). Non-comorbid patients were more likely to be highly adherent as compared to comorbid patients (pvalue < 0.01). Conclusion: A novel tool GMAS was developed in Urdu language and was subsequently validated in patients with chronic diseases. Frontiers 2018-10-09 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/66987/1/Development_and_Validation_of_a_Novel_General_Medi.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/66987/13/66987%20Development%20and%20validation%20of%20a%20novel%20SCOPUS.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/66987/7/66987%20Development%20and%20validation%20of%20a%20novel%20general%20medication%20adherence%20scale%20%28GMAS%29%20for%20chronic%20illness%20patients%20in%20Pakistan_wos.pdf Naqvi, Atta Abbas and Hassali, Mohamed Azmi and Rizvi, Mehwish and Zehra, Ale and Iffat, Wajiha and Haseeb, Abdul and Jamshed, Shazia (2018) Development and validation of a novel general medication adherence scale (GMAS) for chronic illness patients in Pakistan. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9 (1124). pp. 2-12. E-ISSN 1663-9812 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2018.01124/full 10.3389/fphar.2018.01124
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	International Islamic University Malaysia
building	IIUM Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English English English
topic	RS Pharmacy and materia medica
spellingShingle	RS Pharmacy and materia medica Naqvi, Atta Abbas Hassali, Mohamed Azmi Rizvi, Mehwish Zehra, Ale Iffat, Wajiha Haseeb, Abdul Jamshed, Shazia Development and validation of a novel general medication adherence scale (GMAS) for chronic illness patients in Pakistan
description	Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a self-reporting adherence tool termed as General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS) in Urdu language for measuring adherence toward medication use among Pakistani patients with a chronic disease. Methods: A month-long study (December 2017) was conducted in three tertiary health care settings of Karachi, Pakistan. The tool underwent content and face validity as well as factor analyses, i.e., exploratory, partial confirmatory and confirmatory factor analyses. Random sampling was conducted, and sample size was calculated using item response theory. The item-to-respondent ratio was 1:15. Fit indices namely normed fit index (NFI), Tucker Lewis index (TLI), comparative fit index (CFI), goodness of fit index (GFI), absolute goodness of fit (AGFI), parsimony goodness of fit index (PGFI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and standard root mean square residual (SRMR) were calculated. Additionally, estimation of the convergent, discriminant and known group validities, was conducted. Internal consistency was analyzed by testretest reliability, McDonald’s and Pearson correlation coefficient. The factor analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS version 22 and IBM SPSS AMOS version 25. Results: Content validity index (CVI) was reported at 0.8 (SD 0.147) and the tool was content validated with three hypothetical constructs. Factor analyses highlighted a 3- factor structure. The fit indices were calculated with satisfactory results, i.e., PGFI, GFI, AGFI, NFI, TLI, and CFI were greater than 0.9 and PGFI > 0.5. The values of RMSEA and SRMR were less than 0.07. A Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.84 was obtained in reliability analysis. The test-retest Pearson’s correlation coefficient value was reported at 0.996 (p-value < 0.01). Convergent and discriminant validities for all constructs and, known group validity for two constructs, were established. A high response rate of 91% was achieved in respondents. Patients without insurance coverage appeared to be low adherent compared to those with insurance coverage (p-value < 0.05). Non-comorbid patients were more likely to be highly adherent as compared to comorbid patients (pvalue < 0.01). Conclusion: A novel tool GMAS was developed in Urdu language and was subsequently validated in patients with chronic diseases.
format	Article
author	Naqvi, Atta Abbas Hassali, Mohamed Azmi Rizvi, Mehwish Zehra, Ale Iffat, Wajiha Haseeb, Abdul Jamshed, Shazia
author_facet	Naqvi, Atta Abbas Hassali, Mohamed Azmi Rizvi, Mehwish Zehra, Ale Iffat, Wajiha Haseeb, Abdul Jamshed, Shazia
author_sort	Naqvi, Atta Abbas
title	Development and validation of a novel general medication adherence scale (GMAS) for chronic illness patients in Pakistan
title_short	Development and validation of a novel general medication adherence scale (GMAS) for chronic illness patients in Pakistan
title_full	Development and validation of a novel general medication adherence scale (GMAS) for chronic illness patients in Pakistan
title_fullStr	Development and validation of a novel general medication adherence scale (GMAS) for chronic illness patients in Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed	Development and validation of a novel general medication adherence scale (GMAS) for chronic illness patients in Pakistan
title_sort	development and validation of a novel general medication adherence scale (gmas) for chronic illness patients in pakistan
publisher	Frontiers
publishDate	2018
url	http://irep.iium.edu.my/66987/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/66987/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/66987/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/66987/1/Development_and_Validation_of_a_Novel_General_Medi.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/66987/13/66987%20Development%20and%20validation%20of%20a%20novel%20SCOPUS.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/66987/7/66987%20Development%20and%20validation%20of%20a%20novel%20general%20medication%20adherence%20scale%20%28GMAS%29%20for%20chronic%20illness%20patients%20in%20Pakistan_wos.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T21:35:06Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T21:35:06Z
_version_	1777412768449691648

Development and validation of a novel general medication adherence scale (GMAS) for chronic illness patients in Pakistan

Similar Items