Oral health of smokers and e-cigarette users: a case-control study

The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the oral health of cigarette smokers, e-cigarette smokers, and non-smokers. This observational study involved 120 participants; 40 each in the control, cigarette, and e-cigarette groups respectively. Oral health examination was conducted accord...

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Main Authors:	Ghazali, Aini Fatimah, Ismail, Ahmad Faisal, Faisal, Ghasak Ghazi, Muhamad Halil, Mohd Haikal, Daud, Azlina
Format:	Article
Language:	English English
Published:	Ectodermal Displazi Grubu 2018
Subjects:	RK Dentistry
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/66154/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/66154/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/66154/1/Ghazali%20et%20al%202018.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/66154/8/66154_Oral%20health%20of%20smokers%20and%20e-cigarette%20_scopus.pdf

id	iium-66154
recordtype	eprints
spelling	iium-661542019-06-24T07:02:57Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/66154/ Oral health of smokers and e-cigarette users: a case-control study Ghazali, Aini Fatimah Ismail, Ahmad Faisal Faisal, Ghasak Ghazi Muhamad Halil, Mohd Haikal Daud, Azlina RK Dentistry The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the oral health of cigarette smokers, e-cigarette smokers, and non-smokers. This observational study involved 120 participants; 40 each in the control, cigarette, and e-cigarette groups respectively. Oral health examination was conducted according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Dental caries was evaluated using the DMFT index, while the periodontal parameters assessed using plaque, gingivitis, gingival bleeding, and calculus indices. The results from the 3 groups were compared using analysis of variance (MANOVA), the outcomes of which were significant for the Gingival Index (p = 0.000), Plaque Index (p = 0.012), and Bleeding Index (p = 0.001) of periodontal health. Post-hoc tests with Bonferroni correction revealed significant differences in the Gingival Index between the control and cigarette groups (p = 0.001), as well as cigarette and e-cigarette groups (p = 0.000). Meanwhile, Bleeding Index was only significantly different between the control and e-cigarette groups (p = 0.001). For Plaque Index, significant differences were seen between the control and cigarette groups (p = 0.016). There were no significant differences in the other periodontal health parameters, as the p values of the Calculus Index and DMFT Index were 0.955 and 0.702 respectively. In conclusion, e-cigarettes had potentially detrimental effects on oral health. Ectodermal Displazi Grubu 2018 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/66154/1/Ghazali%20et%20al%202018.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/66154/8/66154_Oral%20health%20of%20smokers%20and%20e-cigarette%20_scopus.pdf Ghazali, Aini Fatimah and Ismail, Ahmad Faisal and Faisal, Ghasak Ghazi and Muhamad Halil, Mohd Haikal and Daud, Azlina (2018) Oral health of smokers and e-cigarette users: a case-control study. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research, 11 (2). pp. 428-432. ISSN 1309-100X http://www.jidmr.com/journal/
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	International Islamic University Malaysia
building	IIUM Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English English
topic	RK Dentistry
spellingShingle	RK Dentistry Ghazali, Aini Fatimah Ismail, Ahmad Faisal Faisal, Ghasak Ghazi Muhamad Halil, Mohd Haikal Daud, Azlina Oral health of smokers and e-cigarette users: a case-control study
description	The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the oral health of cigarette smokers, e-cigarette smokers, and non-smokers. This observational study involved 120 participants; 40 each in the control, cigarette, and e-cigarette groups respectively. Oral health examination was conducted according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Dental caries was evaluated using the DMFT index, while the periodontal parameters assessed using plaque, gingivitis, gingival bleeding, and calculus indices. The results from the 3 groups were compared using analysis of variance (MANOVA), the outcomes of which were significant for the Gingival Index (p = 0.000), Plaque Index (p = 0.012), and Bleeding Index (p = 0.001) of periodontal health. Post-hoc tests with Bonferroni correction revealed significant differences in the Gingival Index between the control and cigarette groups (p = 0.001), as well as cigarette and e-cigarette groups (p = 0.000). Meanwhile, Bleeding Index was only significantly different between the control and e-cigarette groups (p = 0.001). For Plaque Index, significant differences were seen between the control and cigarette groups (p = 0.016). There were no significant differences in the other periodontal health parameters, as the p values of the Calculus Index and DMFT Index were 0.955 and 0.702 respectively. In conclusion, e-cigarettes had potentially detrimental effects on oral health.
format	Article
author	Ghazali, Aini Fatimah Ismail, Ahmad Faisal Faisal, Ghasak Ghazi Muhamad Halil, Mohd Haikal Daud, Azlina
author_facet	Ghazali, Aini Fatimah Ismail, Ahmad Faisal Faisal, Ghasak Ghazi Muhamad Halil, Mohd Haikal Daud, Azlina
author_sort	Ghazali, Aini Fatimah
title	Oral health of smokers and e-cigarette users: a case-control study
title_short	Oral health of smokers and e-cigarette users: a case-control study
title_full	Oral health of smokers and e-cigarette users: a case-control study
title_fullStr	Oral health of smokers and e-cigarette users: a case-control study
title_full_unstemmed	Oral health of smokers and e-cigarette users: a case-control study
title_sort	oral health of smokers and e-cigarette users: a case-control study
publisher	Ectodermal Displazi Grubu
publishDate	2018
url	http://irep.iium.edu.my/66154/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/66154/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/66154/1/Ghazali%20et%20al%202018.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/66154/8/66154_Oral%20health%20of%20smokers%20and%20e-cigarette%20_scopus.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T21:33:52Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T21:33:52Z
_version_	1777412690562514944

Oral health of smokers and e-cigarette users: a case-control study

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