Exposure to tobacco secondhand smoke and its associated factors among non-smoking adults in smoking-restricted and non-restricted areas: findings from a nationwide study in Malaysia
Objectives Secondhand smoke (SHS) has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the aims of the paper are to assess SHS exposure among non-smoking adults in Malaysia attending various smoking-restricted and non-restricted public areas according to the Control of Tobacco Prod...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English English English |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2018
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| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/62649/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/62649/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/62649/1/62649_Exposure%20to%20tobacco%20secondhand%20smoke.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/62649/2/62649_Exposure%20to%20tobacco%20secondhand%20smoke_SCOPUS.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/62649/13/62649_Exposure%20to%20tobacco%20secondhand%20smoke_WoS.pdf |
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iium-62649 |
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eprints |
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iium-626492018-10-18T01:51:42Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/62649/ Exposure to tobacco secondhand smoke and its associated factors among non-smoking adults in smoking-restricted and non-restricted areas: findings from a nationwide study in Malaysia Kuang, Hock Lim Chien, Huey Teh Nik Mohamed, Mohamad Haniki Pan, Sayan Miaw, Yn Ling Mohd Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Hassan, Noraryana Baharom, Nizam Dawam, Netty Darwina Ismail, Norliana Mohd Ghazali, Sumarni Kee, Chee Cheong Kar, Hon Chong Hui, Li Lim RS Pharmacy and materia medica Objectives Secondhand smoke (SHS) has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the aims of the paper are to assess SHS exposure among non-smoking adults in Malaysia attending various smoking-restricted and non-restricted public areas according to the Control of Tobacco Product Regulations (CTPR) as well as its relationship with various sociodemographic variables. Design Data were extracted from a cross-sectional study, the Global Adults Tobacco Survey (GATS) 2011 which involved 3269 non-smokers in Malaysia. Data was obtained through face-to-face interviews using a validated pre-tested questionnaire. Factors associated with exposure to SHS were identified via multivariable analysis. Results The study revealed that almost two-thirds of respondents were exposed to SHS in at least one public area in the past 1 month, with a significantly higher exposure among males (70.6%), those with higher educational attainment (81.4%) and higher income (quintile 1%–73.9%). Besides, the exposure to SHS was almost four times higher in non-restricted areas compared with restricted areas under the CTPR (81.9% vs 22.9). Multivariable analysis revealed that males and younger adults at non-restricted areas were more likely to be exposed to SHS while no significant associated factors of SHS exposure was observed in restricted areas. Conclusions The study revealed the prevalence of SHS exposure was higher among Malaysian adults. Although smoke-free laws offer protection to non-smokers from exposure to SHS, enforcement activities in restricted areas should be enhanced to ensure strict public abidance. In addition, legislation of restricted areas should also be extended to greatly reduce the SHS exposure among non-smokers in Malaysia. BMJ Publishing Group 2018-01-01 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/62649/1/62649_Exposure%20to%20tobacco%20secondhand%20smoke.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/62649/2/62649_Exposure%20to%20tobacco%20secondhand%20smoke_SCOPUS.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/62649/13/62649_Exposure%20to%20tobacco%20secondhand%20smoke_WoS.pdf Kuang, Hock Lim and Chien, Huey Teh and Nik Mohamed, Mohamad Haniki and Pan, Sayan and Miaw, Yn Ling and Mohd Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli and Hassan, Noraryana and Baharom, Nizam and Dawam, Netty Darwina and Ismail, Norliana and Mohd Ghazali, Sumarni and Kee, Chee Cheong and Kar, Hon Chong and Hui, Li Lim (2018) Exposure to tobacco secondhand smoke and its associated factors among non-smoking adults in smoking-restricted and non-restricted areas: findings from a nationwide study in Malaysia. BMJ Open, 8 (1). pp. 1-11. ISSN 2044-6055 http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/8/1/e017203.full.pdf |
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Digital Repository |
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Local University |
| institution |
International Islamic University Malaysia |
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IIUM Repository |
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Online Access |
| language |
English English English |
| topic |
RS Pharmacy and materia medica |
| spellingShingle |
RS Pharmacy and materia medica Kuang, Hock Lim Chien, Huey Teh Nik Mohamed, Mohamad Haniki Pan, Sayan Miaw, Yn Ling Mohd Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Hassan, Noraryana Baharom, Nizam Dawam, Netty Darwina Ismail, Norliana Mohd Ghazali, Sumarni Kee, Chee Cheong Kar, Hon Chong Hui, Li Lim Exposure to tobacco secondhand smoke and its associated factors among non-smoking adults in smoking-restricted and non-restricted areas: findings from a nationwide study in Malaysia |
| description |
Objectives Secondhand smoke (SHS) has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the aims of the paper are to assess SHS exposure among non-smoking adults in Malaysia attending various smoking-restricted and non-restricted public areas according to the Control of Tobacco Product Regulations (CTPR) as well as its relationship with various sociodemographic variables.
Design Data were extracted from a cross-sectional study, the Global Adults Tobacco Survey (GATS) 2011 which involved 3269 non-smokers in Malaysia. Data was obtained through face-to-face interviews using a validated pre-tested questionnaire. Factors associated with exposure to SHS were identified via multivariable analysis.
Results The study revealed that almost two-thirds of respondents were exposed to SHS in at least one public area in the past 1 month, with a significantly higher exposure among males (70.6%), those with higher educational attainment (81.4%) and higher income (quintile 1%–73.9%). Besides, the exposure to SHS was almost four times higher in non-restricted areas compared with restricted areas under the CTPR (81.9% vs 22.9). Multivariable analysis revealed that males and younger adults at non-restricted areas were more likely to be exposed to SHS while no significant associated factors of SHS exposure was observed in restricted areas.
Conclusions The study revealed the prevalence of SHS exposure was higher among Malaysian adults. Although smoke-free laws offer protection to non-smokers from exposure to SHS, enforcement activities in restricted areas should be enhanced to ensure strict public abidance. In addition, legislation of restricted areas should also be extended to greatly reduce the SHS exposure among non-smokers in Malaysia. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Kuang, Hock Lim Chien, Huey Teh Nik Mohamed, Mohamad Haniki Pan, Sayan Miaw, Yn Ling Mohd Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Hassan, Noraryana Baharom, Nizam Dawam, Netty Darwina Ismail, Norliana Mohd Ghazali, Sumarni Kee, Chee Cheong Kar, Hon Chong Hui, Li Lim |
| author_facet |
Kuang, Hock Lim Chien, Huey Teh Nik Mohamed, Mohamad Haniki Pan, Sayan Miaw, Yn Ling Mohd Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Hassan, Noraryana Baharom, Nizam Dawam, Netty Darwina Ismail, Norliana Mohd Ghazali, Sumarni Kee, Chee Cheong Kar, Hon Chong Hui, Li Lim |
| author_sort |
Kuang, Hock Lim |
| title |
Exposure to tobacco secondhand smoke and its associated factors among non-smoking adults in smoking-restricted and non-restricted areas: findings from a nationwide study in Malaysia |
| title_short |
Exposure to tobacco secondhand smoke and its associated factors among non-smoking adults in smoking-restricted and non-restricted areas: findings from a nationwide study in Malaysia |
| title_full |
Exposure to tobacco secondhand smoke and its associated factors among non-smoking adults in smoking-restricted and non-restricted areas: findings from a nationwide study in Malaysia |
| title_fullStr |
Exposure to tobacco secondhand smoke and its associated factors among non-smoking adults in smoking-restricted and non-restricted areas: findings from a nationwide study in Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Exposure to tobacco secondhand smoke and its associated factors among non-smoking adults in smoking-restricted and non-restricted areas: findings from a nationwide study in Malaysia |
| title_sort |
exposure to tobacco secondhand smoke and its associated factors among non-smoking adults in smoking-restricted and non-restricted areas: findings from a nationwide study in malaysia |
| publisher |
BMJ Publishing Group |
| publishDate |
2018 |
| url |
http://irep.iium.edu.my/62649/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/62649/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/62649/1/62649_Exposure%20to%20tobacco%20secondhand%20smoke.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/62649/2/62649_Exposure%20to%20tobacco%20secondhand%20smoke_SCOPUS.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/62649/13/62649_Exposure%20to%20tobacco%20secondhand%20smoke_WoS.pdf |
| first_indexed |
2023-09-18T21:28:46Z |
| last_indexed |
2023-09-18T21:28:46Z |
| _version_ |
1777412369630101504 |