The association of Cryptosporidium from three different points of Balok River and Kuantan River by using physico-chemical and heavy metal assessments

Objective: The objectives of this study were to detect the occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and to assess the physico-chemical and heavy metal parameters in two main rivers in Kuantan. Methods: Water samples were collected at three sampling points per river (upstream, midstream, downstream) fro...

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Main Authors:	Zainutdin, Fatin Khairunnisa, Barudin, Mohd Aiman, Jainul, Mohammed Abdullah, Md Isa, Muhammad Lokman, Mat Yusof, Afzan
Format:	Article
Language:	English English
Published:	Hainan Medical University 2017
Subjects:	Q Science (General)
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/58351/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/58351/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/58351/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/58351/7/58351-The%20association%20of%20Cryptosporidium%20from%20three%20different%20points%20of%20Balok%20River.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/58351/8/58351-The%20association%20of%20Cryptosporidium%20from%20three%20different%20points%20of%20Balok%20River_SCOPUS.pdf

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recordtype	eprints
spelling	iium-583512017-09-15T01:10:11Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/58351/ The association of Cryptosporidium from three different points of Balok River and Kuantan River by using physico-chemical and heavy metal assessments Zainutdin, Fatin Khairunnisa Barudin, Mohd Aiman Jainul, Mohammed Abdullah Md Isa, Muhammad Lokman Mat Yusof, Afzan Q Science (General) Objective: The objectives of this study were to detect the occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and to assess the physico-chemical and heavy metal parameters in two main rivers in Kuantan. Methods: Water samples were collected at three sampling points per river (upstream, midstream, downstream) from Kuantan River and Balok River. Samples were filtered using the Continuous Flow Centrifugation (CFC) machine followed by immunomagnetic separation technique to isolate Cryptosporidium oocysts and stained using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) –staining. Cryptosporidium oocysts were examined using fluorescence microscope. Physical parameters were assessed in-situ using Cyber Scan PCD 650 multi-parameter instrument. Both chemical and heavy metal assessment were done in the laboratory following the American Public Health Association (APHA) Standard Method with slight modification. The parameters attained were compared with the Interim National Water Quality Standards (INWQS) which is the standard vital parameters used to evaluate the safety level of surface water in Malaysia. Results: All samples were positive with Cryptosporidium oocysts. Results for physical parameters were within the range of Interim National Water Quality Standards (INWQS) in Malaysia. For chemical assessment, results for chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand exceeded the INWQS range in most of the sampling points. Of 23 metal elements assessed, only 9 elements were found. Both Kuantan River and Balok River can be classified under Class III river following INWQS which requires extensive treatment. Conclusions: This study hoped to provide new and updated information on the occurrence of Cryptosporidium and its physico-chemical assessment in two main rivers in Kuantan. Future study on molecular identification of Cryptosporidium in rivers needs to be done in order to identify the source of transmission of this waterborne parasite. Hainan Medical University 2017-08 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/58351/7/58351-The%20association%20of%20Cryptosporidium%20from%20three%20different%20points%20of%20Balok%20River.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/58351/8/58351-The%20association%20of%20Cryptosporidium%20from%20three%20different%20points%20of%20Balok%20River_SCOPUS.pdf Zainutdin, Fatin Khairunnisa and Barudin, Mohd Aiman and Jainul, Mohammed Abdullah and Md Isa, Muhammad Lokman and Mat Yusof, Afzan (2017) The association of Cryptosporidium from three different points of Balok River and Kuantan River by using physico-chemical and heavy metal assessments. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 7 (8). pp. 449-454. ISSN 2222-1808 http://oaji.net/articles/2017/3556-1502241188.pdf 10.12980/apjtd.7.2017D7-103
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	International Islamic University Malaysia
building	IIUM Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English English
topic	Q Science (General)
spellingShingle	Q Science (General) Zainutdin, Fatin Khairunnisa Barudin, Mohd Aiman Jainul, Mohammed Abdullah Md Isa, Muhammad Lokman Mat Yusof, Afzan The association of Cryptosporidium from three different points of Balok River and Kuantan River by using physico-chemical and heavy metal assessments
description	Objective: The objectives of this study were to detect the occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and to assess the physico-chemical and heavy metal parameters in two main rivers in Kuantan. Methods: Water samples were collected at three sampling points per river (upstream, midstream, downstream) from Kuantan River and Balok River. Samples were filtered using the Continuous Flow Centrifugation (CFC) machine followed by immunomagnetic separation technique to isolate Cryptosporidium oocysts and stained using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) –staining. Cryptosporidium oocysts were examined using fluorescence microscope. Physical parameters were assessed in-situ using Cyber Scan PCD 650 multi-parameter instrument. Both chemical and heavy metal assessment were done in the laboratory following the American Public Health Association (APHA) Standard Method with slight modification. The parameters attained were compared with the Interim National Water Quality Standards (INWQS) which is the standard vital parameters used to evaluate the safety level of surface water in Malaysia. Results: All samples were positive with Cryptosporidium oocysts. Results for physical parameters were within the range of Interim National Water Quality Standards (INWQS) in Malaysia. For chemical assessment, results for chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand exceeded the INWQS range in most of the sampling points. Of 23 metal elements assessed, only 9 elements were found. Both Kuantan River and Balok River can be classified under Class III river following INWQS which requires extensive treatment. Conclusions: This study hoped to provide new and updated information on the occurrence of Cryptosporidium and its physico-chemical assessment in two main rivers in Kuantan. Future study on molecular identification of Cryptosporidium in rivers needs to be done in order to identify the source of transmission of this waterborne parasite.
format	Article
author	Zainutdin, Fatin Khairunnisa Barudin, Mohd Aiman Jainul, Mohammed Abdullah Md Isa, Muhammad Lokman Mat Yusof, Afzan
author_facet	Zainutdin, Fatin Khairunnisa Barudin, Mohd Aiman Jainul, Mohammed Abdullah Md Isa, Muhammad Lokman Mat Yusof, Afzan
author_sort	Zainutdin, Fatin Khairunnisa
title	The association of Cryptosporidium from three different points of Balok River and Kuantan River by using physico-chemical and heavy metal assessments
title_short	The association of Cryptosporidium from three different points of Balok River and Kuantan River by using physico-chemical and heavy metal assessments
title_full	The association of Cryptosporidium from three different points of Balok River and Kuantan River by using physico-chemical and heavy metal assessments
title_fullStr	The association of Cryptosporidium from three different points of Balok River and Kuantan River by using physico-chemical and heavy metal assessments
title_full_unstemmed	The association of Cryptosporidium from three different points of Balok River and Kuantan River by using physico-chemical and heavy metal assessments
title_sort	association of cryptosporidium from three different points of balok river and kuantan river by using physico-chemical and heavy metal assessments
publisher	Hainan Medical University
publishDate	2017
url	http://irep.iium.edu.my/58351/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/58351/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/58351/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/58351/7/58351-The%20association%20of%20Cryptosporidium%20from%20three%20different%20points%20of%20Balok%20River.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/58351/8/58351-The%20association%20of%20Cryptosporidium%20from%20three%20different%20points%20of%20Balok%20River_SCOPUS.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T21:22:30Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T21:22:30Z
_version_	1777411975437877248

The association of Cryptosporidium from three different points of Balok River and Kuantan River by using physico-chemical and heavy metal assessments

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