Polyamines deficient diet is a complementary strategy in fighting cancer: an investigation on selected medicinal fruits
Polyamines are one of the oldest substances known in biochemistry consist of putrescine, spermidine and spermine. They are essential components of all living cells primarily involve in cell growth and proliferation. Mammalian cells are able to synthesize polyamines but are predominantly acquire them...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Conference or Workshop Item |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
2017
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/58036/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/58036/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/58036/2/PRESENTATION%20ASIA%20711.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/58036/13/58036_Polyamines%20Deficient%20Diet.pdf |
| Summary: | Polyamines are one of the oldest substances known in biochemistry consist of putrescine, spermidine and spermine. They are essential components of all living cells primarily involve in cell growth and proliferation. Mammalian cells are able to synthesize polyamines but are predominantly acquire them from exogenous sources such as intestinal flora and diets. However, the dietary sources provide a larger quantity of polyamines than the endogenous biosynthesis. Polyamines are tightly regulated by systematic biosynthesis and catabolism. Dysregulation of this system is highly associated with various diseases, including cancer. Therefore, polyamines deficient has become one of the strategies to inhibit carcinogenesis by targeting each biosynthetic and catabolic step in polyamines metabolism. Polyamine deficient diet (PDD) is a part of nutritional cancer therapy that recommends foods with low polyamines intake by cancer survivor and patients. In some cases, the plants might show anticancer effect but since the polyamines is high, it should not recommend for patients to avoid recurrence of cancer. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the polyamines content in selected anticancer fruits and plants in Malaysia and the effect on polyamine biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes was explored using human lung carcinoma cells (A549) as in vitro model.
Methods:
In this study, the selected fruits and plants are Phoenix dactylifera (ajwa dates), Beta vulgaris (beetroot), Ziziphus jujube (jujube), Vitis vinifera (raisin) and Punica granatum (pomegranate). The selected fruits and plants were initially grouped into classes based on total polyamines content using High performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The ability of selected fruits to reduce A549 intracellular polyamines was quantified using the same technique. Accordingly, changes in polyamine metabolic enzymes activities; ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and spermidine/spermine N-acetyltransferase (SSAT) were measured correspondingly using quantitative polymerase chain reactions (qPCR).
Results:
Results suggested polyamines content of selected fruits were ranging from low to high polyamines . Beetroot, ajwa dates, pomegranate and raisin are classified as low polyamines fruits while jujube demonstrate high content of polyamines (219.6 ± 4.43) nmol/mg. Significant decreased of total intracellular polyamine content after 24 h of treatments with selected fruits were identified when compared with untreated A549 cells (p<0.001). Ornithine decarboxylase activity showed changes upon treatment with P. dactylifera (ajwa dates), Z. jujube (jujube) and V. vinifera (raisin) while SSAT activity displayed alterations in B. vulgaris (beetroot) and Z. jujube (jujube) treated cells. Thus, we concluded that B. vulgaris (beetroot), P. dactylifera (ajwa dates) and V. vinifera (raisins) are the promising candidates for food-based chemoprevention strategy for their low polyamines and ability to reduce A549 intracellular polyamines.
Conclusion and Significant of Study:
The studies above strengthened the potential of polyamine reduced diet in cancer prevention. The polyamine deficient diet strategy is being documented as complementary step in chemoprevention in other countries. In United Kingdom, USA, Japan and Sweden, the database and investigation on local food and herbs has been established and being practiced. It is hope that this finding is beneficial for cancer patient, cancer survivor and even high risk of population to get cancer via genetic alteration and environmental exposure. We have investigated several local plants in Malaysia, however for this report, we focus on selected medicinal fruits as recommended by Rasulullah SAW. |
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