Evaluation of the W-metric routing Uuing RPL protocol in LLNS

The current de-facto routing protocol over Low Power and Lossy Networks (LLN) developed bytheIETF Working Group (6LOWPAN), is named as Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy networks (RPL). RPL in the network layer faces throughput challenges due to the potential la...

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Main Authors:	Ab Rahim, Rosminazuin, Awad, Abdallah M. A., Hassan Abdalla Hashim, Aisha, Md Ralib, Aliza Aini
Format:	Article
Language:	English English English
Published:	Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia 2018
Subjects:	TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering TK7800 Electronics. Computer engineering. Computer hardware. Photoelectronic devices
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/55287/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/55287/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/55287/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/55287/1/55287_EVALUATION%20OF%20THE%20W-METRIC%20ROUTING.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/55287/7/55287_Evaluation%20of%20the%20W-metric%20routing%20using%20RPL%20protocol%20in%20llns_SCOPUS.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/55287/6/55287%20EVALUATION%20OF%20THE%20W-METRIC%20ROUTING%20WOS.pdf

id	iium-55287
recordtype	eprints
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	International Islamic University Malaysia
building	IIUM Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English English English
topic	TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering TK7800 Electronics. Computer engineering. Computer hardware. Photoelectronic devices
spellingShingle	TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering TK7800 Electronics. Computer engineering. Computer hardware. Photoelectronic devices Ab Rahim, Rosminazuin Awad, Abdallah M. A. Hassan Abdalla Hashim, Aisha Md Ralib, Aliza Aini Evaluation of the W-metric routing Uuing RPL protocol in LLNS
description	The current de-facto routing protocol over Low Power and Lossy Networks (LLN) developed bytheIETF Working Group (6LOWPAN), is named as Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy networks (RPL). RPL in the network layer faces throughput challenges due to the potential large networks, number of nodes,and that multiple coexisting applications will be running in the same physical layer. In this study, a node metric for RPL protocol based on the node’s Queue Backlogs is introduced, which leads to a better throughput performance while maintaining the delay and the ability to use with differentnetwork applications. This metric depends on the length of Packet Queue of the nodes with the consideration of other link and node metrics, like ETX or energy usage, leading to better load balancing in the network. To implement and evaluate the proposed metric compared to other RPL metrics, ContikiOS and COOJA simulator are used. Extensive simulations have been carried out in a systematic way resulting in a detailed analysis of the introduced metric namely W-metric, expected transmission count (ETX) and objective function zero (OF0) that uses hop-count as a routing metric. The analysis and comparison are based on five performance parameters, which are throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), latency, average queue length, and power consumption. Simulation results show that the introduced W-metric has a good performance compared to other RPL metrics with regards to performance parameters mentioned above. At the same time, the results show that its latency performance is comparable with other RPL routing metrics. In a sample simulation of 500 seconds with 25 nodes and with nodes sending packets periodically to the network root at a rate of 1 packet per 4 seconds, W-metric showed a very efficient throughput of 5.16 kbps, an increase of8.2% compared to ETX. Results showed that it has a packet delivery ratio of 93.3%, which is higher compared to 83.3% for ETX and 74.2% for OF0. Average queue length of 0.48 packet shows improvement of 15.8% better than ETX. In addition, it exhibits an energy consumption of 5.16 mW which is 2.1% less than ETX. Overall, W-metric appears to be a promising alternative to ETX and OF0 as it selects routes that are more efficient by working on load balancing of the network and by considering the link characteristics. ******************************************************** Protokol penghalaan de-facto semasa ke atas Rangkaian Kekuatan Rendah dan Lossy yang dibangunkan oleh Kumpulan Kerja IETF (6LOWPAN), dinamakan Protokol Penghalaan untuk Kekuatan Rendah dan Rugi (RPL). RPL dalam lapisan rangkaian menghadapi cabaran throughput berikutan jangkaan rangkaian besar, bilangan nod dan aplikasi berganda bersama akan diproses dalam lapisan fizikal yang sama. Dalam kajian ini, satu metrik nod untuk protokol RPL berdasarkan pada Backend Queue node diperkenalkan, yang membawa kepada prestasi yang lebih baik sambil mengekalkan kelewatan dan keupayaan untuk digunakan dengan aplikasi rangkaian yang berbeza. Metrik ini bergantung pada panjang Packet Queue dari node dengan pertimbangan metrik lain dan nodus lain, seperti ETX atau penggunaan tenaga, yang mengarah kepada keseimbangan beban yang lebih baik dalam rangkaian. Untuk melaksanakan dan menilai metrik yang dicadangkan berbanding metrik RPL lain, ContikiOS dan COOJA simulator telah digunakan. Simulasi meluas telah dijalankan dengan cara yang sistematik yang menghasilkan analisis terperinci mengenai metrik yang diperkenalkan iaitu W-metrik, kiraan penghantaran dijangkakan (ETX) dan fungsi objektif sifar (OF0) yang menggunakan kiraan hop sebagai metrik penghalaan. Analisis dan perbandingan adalah berdasarkan lima parameter prestasi, iaitu throughput, nisbah penghantaran paket (PDR), latency, panjang panjang antrian, dan penggunaan kuasa. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahawa W-metrik yang diperkenalkan mempunyai prestasi yang lebih baik berbanding dengan metrik RPL lain berkaitan dengan parameter prestasi yang dinyatakan di atas. Pada masa yang sama, hasil menunjukkan bahawa prestasi latency W-metrik adalah setanding dengan metrik penghalaan RPL yang lain. Dalam simulasi sampel 500 saat dengan 25 nod dan dengan nod yang menghantar paket secara berkala ke akar rangkaian pada kadar 1 paket setiap 4 saat, W-metrik menunjukkan keluaran yang sangat efisien iaitu 5.16 kbps, peningkatan sebanyak 8.2% berbanding ETX. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa ia mempunyai nisbah penghantaran paket 93.3%, yang lebih tinggi berbanding 83.3% untuk ETX dan 74.2% untuk OF0. Purata panjang giliran 0.48 packet menunjukkan peningkatan 15.8% lebih baik daripada ETX. Di samping itu, ia mempamerkan penggunaan tenaga sebanyak 5.16 mW iaitu 2.1% kurang daripada ETX. Secara keseluruhan, W-metrik nampaknya menjadi alternatif yang berpotensi menggantikan ETX dan OF0 kerana ia memilih laluan yang lebih cekap dengan bekerja pada keseimbangan beban rangkaian dan dengan mempertimbangkan ciri-ciri pautan.
format	Article
author	Ab Rahim, Rosminazuin Awad, Abdallah M. A. Hassan Abdalla Hashim, Aisha Md Ralib, Aliza Aini
author_facet	Ab Rahim, Rosminazuin Awad, Abdallah M. A. Hassan Abdalla Hashim, Aisha Md Ralib, Aliza Aini
author_sort	Ab Rahim, Rosminazuin
title	Evaluation of the W-metric routing Uuing RPL protocol in LLNS
title_short	Evaluation of the W-metric routing Uuing RPL protocol in LLNS
title_full	Evaluation of the W-metric routing Uuing RPL protocol in LLNS
title_fullStr	Evaluation of the W-metric routing Uuing RPL protocol in LLNS
title_full_unstemmed	Evaluation of the W-metric routing Uuing RPL protocol in LLNS
title_sort	evaluation of the w-metric routing uuing rpl protocol in llns
publisher	Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia
publishDate	2018
url	http://irep.iium.edu.my/55287/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/55287/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/55287/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/55287/1/55287_EVALUATION%20OF%20THE%20W-METRIC%20ROUTING.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/55287/7/55287_Evaluation%20of%20the%20W-metric%20routing%20using%20RPL%20protocol%20in%20llns_SCOPUS.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/55287/6/55287%20EVALUATION%20OF%20THE%20W-METRIC%20ROUTING%20WOS.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T21:18:09Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T21:18:09Z
_version_	1777411701849718784
spelling	iium-552872019-01-27T07:33:04Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/55287/ Evaluation of the W-metric routing Uuing RPL protocol in LLNS Ab Rahim, Rosminazuin Awad, Abdallah M. A. Hassan Abdalla Hashim, Aisha Md Ralib, Aliza Aini TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering TK7800 Electronics. Computer engineering. Computer hardware. Photoelectronic devices The current de-facto routing protocol over Low Power and Lossy Networks (LLN) developed bytheIETF Working Group (6LOWPAN), is named as Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy networks (RPL). RPL in the network layer faces throughput challenges due to the potential large networks, number of nodes,and that multiple coexisting applications will be running in the same physical layer. In this study, a node metric for RPL protocol based on the node’s Queue Backlogs is introduced, which leads to a better throughput performance while maintaining the delay and the ability to use with differentnetwork applications. This metric depends on the length of Packet Queue of the nodes with the consideration of other link and node metrics, like ETX or energy usage, leading to better load balancing in the network. To implement and evaluate the proposed metric compared to other RPL metrics, ContikiOS and COOJA simulator are used. Extensive simulations have been carried out in a systematic way resulting in a detailed analysis of the introduced metric namely W-metric, expected transmission count (ETX) and objective function zero (OF0) that uses hop-count as a routing metric. The analysis and comparison are based on five performance parameters, which are throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), latency, average queue length, and power consumption. Simulation results show that the introduced W-metric has a good performance compared to other RPL metrics with regards to performance parameters mentioned above. At the same time, the results show that its latency performance is comparable with other RPL routing metrics. In a sample simulation of 500 seconds with 25 nodes and with nodes sending packets periodically to the network root at a rate of 1 packet per 4 seconds, W-metric showed a very efficient throughput of 5.16 kbps, an increase of8.2% compared to ETX. Results showed that it has a packet delivery ratio of 93.3%, which is higher compared to 83.3% for ETX and 74.2% for OF0. Average queue length of 0.48 packet shows improvement of 15.8% better than ETX. In addition, it exhibits an energy consumption of 5.16 mW which is 2.1% less than ETX. Overall, W-metric appears to be a promising alternative to ETX and OF0 as it selects routes that are more efficient by working on load balancing of the network and by considering the link characteristics. ******************************************************** Protokol penghalaan de-facto semasa ke atas Rangkaian Kekuatan Rendah dan Lossy yang dibangunkan oleh Kumpulan Kerja IETF (6LOWPAN), dinamakan Protokol Penghalaan untuk Kekuatan Rendah dan Rugi (RPL). RPL dalam lapisan rangkaian menghadapi cabaran throughput berikutan jangkaan rangkaian besar, bilangan nod dan aplikasi berganda bersama akan diproses dalam lapisan fizikal yang sama. Dalam kajian ini, satu metrik nod untuk protokol RPL berdasarkan pada Backend Queue node diperkenalkan, yang membawa kepada prestasi yang lebih baik sambil mengekalkan kelewatan dan keupayaan untuk digunakan dengan aplikasi rangkaian yang berbeza. Metrik ini bergantung pada panjang Packet Queue dari node dengan pertimbangan metrik lain dan nodus lain, seperti ETX atau penggunaan tenaga, yang mengarah kepada keseimbangan beban yang lebih baik dalam rangkaian. Untuk melaksanakan dan menilai metrik yang dicadangkan berbanding metrik RPL lain, ContikiOS dan COOJA simulator telah digunakan. Simulasi meluas telah dijalankan dengan cara yang sistematik yang menghasilkan analisis terperinci mengenai metrik yang diperkenalkan iaitu W-metrik, kiraan penghantaran dijangkakan (ETX) dan fungsi objektif sifar (OF0) yang menggunakan kiraan hop sebagai metrik penghalaan. Analisis dan perbandingan adalah berdasarkan lima parameter prestasi, iaitu throughput, nisbah penghantaran paket (PDR), latency, panjang panjang antrian, dan penggunaan kuasa. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahawa W-metrik yang diperkenalkan mempunyai prestasi yang lebih baik berbanding dengan metrik RPL lain berkaitan dengan parameter prestasi yang dinyatakan di atas. Pada masa yang sama, hasil menunjukkan bahawa prestasi latency W-metrik adalah setanding dengan metrik penghalaan RPL yang lain. Dalam simulasi sampel 500 saat dengan 25 nod dan dengan nod yang menghantar paket secara berkala ke akar rangkaian pada kadar 1 paket setiap 4 saat, W-metrik menunjukkan keluaran yang sangat efisien iaitu 5.16 kbps, peningkatan sebanyak 8.2% berbanding ETX. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa ia mempunyai nisbah penghantaran paket 93.3%, yang lebih tinggi berbanding 83.3% untuk ETX dan 74.2% untuk OF0. Purata panjang giliran 0.48 packet menunjukkan peningkatan 15.8% lebih baik daripada ETX. Di samping itu, ia mempamerkan penggunaan tenaga sebanyak 5.16 mW iaitu 2.1% kurang daripada ETX. Secara keseluruhan, W-metrik nampaknya menjadi alternatif yang berpotensi menggantikan ETX dan OF0 kerana ia memilih laluan yang lebih cekap dengan bekerja pada keseimbangan beban rangkaian dan dengan mempertimbangkan ciri-ciri pautan. Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia 2018-12-01 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/55287/1/55287_EVALUATION%20OF%20THE%20W-METRIC%20ROUTING.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/55287/7/55287_Evaluation%20of%20the%20W-metric%20routing%20using%20RPL%20protocol%20in%20llns_SCOPUS.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/55287/6/55287%20EVALUATION%20OF%20THE%20W-METRIC%20ROUTING%20WOS.pdf Ab Rahim, Rosminazuin and Awad, Abdallah M. A. and Hassan Abdalla Hashim, Aisha and Md Ralib, Aliza Aini (2018) Evaluation of the W-metric routing Uuing RPL protocol in LLNS. IIUM Engineering Journal, 19 (2). pp. 80-89. ISSN 1511-788X E-ISSN 2289-7860 http://journals.iium.edu.my/ejournal/index.php/iiumej/article/view/840/664 10.31436/iiumej.v19i2.840

Evaluation of the W-metric routing Uuing RPL protocol in LLNS

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