Crab and Cockle Shells as Catalysts for the Preparation of Methyl Esters from Low Free Fatty Acid Chicken Fat
The use of waste oils/fats, as well as catalysts from waste materials, for producing biodiesel via transesterification have been of recent interest. As such, in the present work, the transesterification of chicken fat using crab and cockle shells as a catalyst was attempted. X-ray diffraction (XRD)...
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American Oil Chemists' Society Press
2010
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iium-53442012-02-03T08:01:06Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/5344/ Crab and Cockle Shells as Catalysts for the Preparation of Methyl Esters from Low Free Fatty Acid Chicken Fat Boey, Peng-Lim Maniam, Gaanty Pragas Abd Hamid, Shafida Ali, Dafaalla Mohamed Hag QD Chemistry The use of waste oils/fats, as well as catalysts from waste materials, for producing biodiesel via transesterification have been of recent interest. As such, in the present work, the transesterification of chicken fat using crab and cockle shells as a catalyst was attempted. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron dispersive X-ray (EDX) results show that, upon thermal activation, both shells transformed into CaO, the active ingredient that catalyzes the reaction. In addition, the catalytic performance of individual shells as well as the combination of both shells in various ratios was similar. Under the optimal reaction conditions of 4.9 wt% catalyst amount and 0.55:1 methanol to oil mass ratio, methyl esters conversion above 98% was achieved in 3 h. The chicken fat methyl esters that were produced were found to meet several key specifications of biodiesel based on EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 test procedures. American Oil Chemists' Society Press 2010 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/5344/1/Gaanty%27s.pdf Boey, Peng-Lim and Maniam, Gaanty Pragas and Abd Hamid, Shafida and Ali, Dafaalla Mohamed Hag (2010) Crab and Cockle Shells as Catalysts for the Preparation of Methyl Esters from Low Free Fatty Acid Chicken Fat. Journal Of The American Oil Chemists' Society, 88 (2). pp. 283-288. ISSN 0003-021X DOI: 10.1007/s11746-010-1660-4 |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Local University |
| institution |
International Islamic University Malaysia |
| building |
IIUM Repository |
| collection |
Online Access |
| language |
English |
| topic |
QD Chemistry |
| spellingShingle |
QD Chemistry Boey, Peng-Lim Maniam, Gaanty Pragas Abd Hamid, Shafida Ali, Dafaalla Mohamed Hag Crab and Cockle Shells as Catalysts for the Preparation of Methyl Esters from Low Free Fatty Acid Chicken Fat |
| description |
The use of waste oils/fats, as well as catalysts from waste materials, for producing biodiesel via transesterification
have been of recent interest. As such, in the present work, the transesterification of chicken fat using crab and cockle shells as a catalyst was attempted. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron dispersive X-ray (EDX)
results show that, upon thermal activation, both shells
transformed into CaO, the active ingredient that catalyzes
the reaction. In addition, the catalytic performance of
individual shells as well as the combination of both shells
in various ratios was similar. Under the optimal reaction
conditions of 4.9 wt% catalyst amount and 0.55:1 methanol
to oil mass ratio, methyl esters conversion above 98% was achieved in 3 h. The chicken fat methyl esters that were produced were found to meet several key specifications of biodiesel based on EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 test procedures. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Boey, Peng-Lim Maniam, Gaanty Pragas Abd Hamid, Shafida Ali, Dafaalla Mohamed Hag |
| author_facet |
Boey, Peng-Lim Maniam, Gaanty Pragas Abd Hamid, Shafida Ali, Dafaalla Mohamed Hag |
| author_sort |
Boey, Peng-Lim |
| title |
Crab and Cockle Shells as Catalysts for the Preparation of Methyl Esters from Low Free Fatty Acid Chicken Fat |
| title_short |
Crab and Cockle Shells as Catalysts for the Preparation of Methyl Esters from Low Free Fatty Acid Chicken Fat |
| title_full |
Crab and Cockle Shells as Catalysts for the Preparation of Methyl Esters from Low Free Fatty Acid Chicken Fat |
| title_fullStr |
Crab and Cockle Shells as Catalysts for the Preparation of Methyl Esters from Low Free Fatty Acid Chicken Fat |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Crab and Cockle Shells as Catalysts for the Preparation of Methyl Esters from Low Free Fatty Acid Chicken Fat |
| title_sort |
crab and cockle shells as catalysts for the preparation of methyl esters from low free fatty acid chicken fat |
| publisher |
American Oil Chemists' Society Press |
| publishDate |
2010 |
| url |
http://irep.iium.edu.my/5344/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/5344/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/5344/1/Gaanty%27s.pdf |
| first_indexed |
2023-09-18T20:13:52Z |
| last_indexed |
2023-09-18T20:13:52Z |
| _version_ |
1777407657596944384 |